This document discusses various grape vine training systems, focusing on their importance for grape production and management. It describes popular methods in India, including the bower, telephone, and kniffin systems, highlighting their advantages, suitability for different grape varieties, and operational efficiencies. The document emphasizes the impact of these training methods on vine health and crop yield.

1. Training in Grapes
COURSE : PRODUCTION TECH. FOR FRUITS & PLANTATION CROPS (HRT-224)
ASSIGNMENT SUBMITTED BY : SYED INAM UL HAQ (88/AG/18)
ASSIGNMENT SUBMITTED TO : DR. KHALID RASOOL DAR

2. Introduction
 Botanical Name : Vitis vinifera
 Botabical Classification : • Kingdom – Plantae
• Division – Magnoliophyta
• Class – Magnoliopsida
• Order – Vitales
• Family – Vitaceae
• Genus – Vitis L.

3. Training of Grape Vines
 Training is an important operation in grapes.
 It helps to maintain the stature and spread of the vine and facilitates
operations like pruning, intercultivation, spraying and harvesting.
 Many training systems are in vogue in India, but the most popular are
Bower, Telephone and Kniffin systems.

4. Bower System
 This system was commonly used in ancient times
 Owinh to high productive potential.
 It is highly suited for vigorous varieties like ; Anab-e-Shahi, Bangalore
Blue and Gulabi.
 Provides a desirable microclimate in the vine canopy and reduces the
adverse effects of arid and hot weather on vine metabolism and life.

5. Bower System

6. Telephone System
 This system is suitable for moderately vigorous varieties with more apical
dominance.
 It is an improvement over ‘bower’ system with respect to ventilation and
light penetration.
 It is relatively less expensive than ‘bower’, and facilitates mechanised
spraying and many other cultural operations.
 However yields in this system are less as compared to the ‘bower’ system
due to less number of canes per unit area.

7. Telephone System

8. Two arm & Four arm Kniffin System
 In this method, the vine is allowed to put forth a single shoot which is
trained erect and tipped at a height of about 45 cm from the ground
level.
 Only three shoots are allowed to grow from this point, all others being
removed. Two of the retained shoots are trained horizontally and the
remaining is trained vertically to a height of another 60 cm.
 It is tipped again to produce two more shoots, which are trained
horizontally. All the four horizontal arms are supported by bamboo poles
or wire tied horizontally to posts fixed at regular intervals of 3 mtrs.

9. Two arm & Four Arm Kniffin System
 Primary laterals are allowed to develop from these four main arms at
fairly regular intervals and these are pruned to produce the crop every
season.