Cryotherapy for Pathogen Free Planting Material in Ornamental Crops Abhay Kumar Gaurav
Cryotherapy of shoot tips is a novel technique used for pathogen eradication from plants, where sample is exposed to a low temperature (-196°C) followed by shoot tip culture. Cryotherapy of shoot tips can result in virus-free plants at a high frequency. Cryotherapy facilitates treatment of large numbers of samples because pathogen eradication by this method is independent of the size of shoot tips used.
seminar 1 on FLOWER COLOUR MODIFICATION by SK SAMIM AHAMMED, M.Sc(Ag), genetics and plant breeding, BIDHAN CHANDRA KRISHI VISWAVIDYALAYA, MOHANPUR, NADIA,WEST BENGAL,INDIA.
Breeding for different flower forms in ornamental crops 2Henny Takhellambam
Human wants are limitless, they want new things so as it is in the case of flower crops, they want different new flower colours, architecture, forms, etc. This ppt explains how one can create new flower forms using different methods such as hybridization, mutation, polyploidy, RNA silencing, tissue culture.
Cryotherapy for Pathogen Free Planting Material in Ornamental Crops Abhay Kumar Gaurav
Cryotherapy of shoot tips is a novel technique used for pathogen eradication from plants, where sample is exposed to a low temperature (-196°C) followed by shoot tip culture. Cryotherapy of shoot tips can result in virus-free plants at a high frequency. Cryotherapy facilitates treatment of large numbers of samples because pathogen eradication by this method is independent of the size of shoot tips used.
seminar 1 on FLOWER COLOUR MODIFICATION by SK SAMIM AHAMMED, M.Sc(Ag), genetics and plant breeding, BIDHAN CHANDRA KRISHI VISWAVIDYALAYA, MOHANPUR, NADIA,WEST BENGAL,INDIA.
Breeding for different flower forms in ornamental crops 2Henny Takhellambam
Human wants are limitless, they want new things so as it is in the case of flower crops, they want different new flower colours, architecture, forms, etc. This ppt explains how one can create new flower forms using different methods such as hybridization, mutation, polyploidy, RNA silencing, tissue culture.
PRODUCTION OF HAPLOID PLANTS AND HOMOZYGOUS DIPLOID LINESAmbika Prajapati
Haploid plants are characterized by possessing only a single set of chromosomes (gametophytic number of chromosomes i.e. n) in the sporophyte. This is in contrast to diploids which contain two sets (2n) of chromosomes. Haploid plants are of great significance for the production of homozygous lines (homozygous plants) and for the improvement of plants in plant breeding programme.
There are two approaches for the production of haploid plants. The two approaches are:
(1) In vivo approach and
(2) In vitro approach.
Strategies for controlling viral diseases in ornamental crops 1Henny Takhellambam
This ppt will give a brief idea about how to control viral diseases in ornamental crops. Viral diseases are difficult to control as there are no specific chemicals developed to control viral diseases to date. So, many scientists developed several strategies to decrease the disease spread; the strategies are mentioned in the ppt.
PRODUCTION OF HAPLOID PLANTS AND HOMOZYGOUS DIPLOID LINESAmbika Prajapati
Haploid plants are characterized by possessing only a single set of chromosomes (gametophytic number of chromosomes i.e. n) in the sporophyte. This is in contrast to diploids which contain two sets (2n) of chromosomes. Haploid plants are of great significance for the production of homozygous lines (homozygous plants) and for the improvement of plants in plant breeding programme.
There are two approaches for the production of haploid plants. The two approaches are:
(1) In vivo approach and
(2) In vitro approach.
Strategies for controlling viral diseases in ornamental crops 1Henny Takhellambam
This ppt will give a brief idea about how to control viral diseases in ornamental crops. Viral diseases are difficult to control as there are no specific chemicals developed to control viral diseases to date. So, many scientists developed several strategies to decrease the disease spread; the strategies are mentioned in the ppt.
Market Research Report: Floriculture Market in India 2010Netscribes, Inc.
For the complete report, get in touch with us at: info@netscribes.com
The floriculture market has been declared the sunrise industry in India by the Government. It is expected to witness strong growth. Exports business generates huge revenues for the market.
The report provides a brief overview of the market including the estimated market size, growth rate, production of cut flowers and loose flowers in 2007-08 and 2008-09. The market overview section also talks about the export & import market, the opportunities in the global market and covers region-wise distribution of floriculture industry. An analysis of drivers reveals that scientific methods of flower cultivation, favourable agro-climatic conditions, social and religious events, international events and associations, growing demand from the youth population. The key challenges identified are lack of support infrastructure, high duties in the European Union, and dearth of basic inputs.
The report discusses the current market trends as players are acquiring companies in Ethiopia, setting up auction centres, PE investments and acquisitions, entry of corporate houses, players increasing their service offerings and rapid development of flower retail chains. The report provides the profile, financials of the players in the market.
Present status of Floriculture industry in Tamilnadu, India & World. All other aspects of floriculture industry including merits, demerits, oppurtunities, strategies to develop, potentials, scope etc..
1.What is plant tissue culture?
2.Production of virus free plants.
3.History.
4.Virus elimination by heat treatment.
5.Virus elimination by Meristem Tip culture.
6.Factor affecting virus eradication by Meristem Tip culture.
7.Chemotherapy.
8.Virus elimination through in vitro shoot-tip Grafting.
9.Virus Indexing.
10.Conclusion .
11.References .
Meristem tip culture for the production of the virus free plantsArjun Rayamajhi
This presentation gives general idea on the meristem tip culture for the production of the virus free plants. The principles, methods and procedures of the meristem tip culture included. General idea on different in vitro culture techniques for virus elimination meristem tip culture viz. thermotherapy, cryotherapy,chemotherapy and electrotherapy are provided.
Antimicrobial effect of medicinal plants against erythrasma inducing bacteria Lashman Shanmugam
In this presentation, we discuss about how Corynebacterium minutissimum bacteria causes a skin infection called Erythrasma. Additionally, we present some data on how it can be prevented or cured using anti-microbial drugs extracted from plant source.
Trichoderma is a filamentous fungus that is widely distributed in the soil, plant material, decaying vegetation, and wood. It belongs to the family Hypocreaceae. They have high potential for colonizing their habitats and have various applications in food industry, agriculture, as a biocontrol agent with mechanism involving antibiosis, competition, mycoparasitism, promotion of plant growth, solubilization and sequestration of inorganic plant nutrients, inducing resistance and inactivating pathogen’s enzymes and also as a source of transgene. The major driving force for investigation of biocontrol with Trichoderma is sustainability. As a plant symbiont and effective mycoparasites, numerous species of this genus have the potential to become biofungicides. the extensive studies on Trichoderma, including its diverse physiological traits available, is still progressing and making these fungi versatile model organisms for research on both industrial fermentations as well as natural phenomena. Jasmine Chughasrani | Abhishikta Dasgupta | Rutuja Das "Applications of Trichoderma- A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38341.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/botany/38341/applications-of-trichoderma-a-review/jasmine-chughasrani
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
1. In vitro advances for virus
elimination in Lilium (Lilium
Longiflorum)
Narendra Singh Bhandari
ICAR SRF Ph. D Scholar (IARI)
Division of Ornamental Crops, IIHR
2. • Liliaceae.
• Monocot bulbous flower
• Genus contains 110 species
• 7 groups but famous ones
are: Asiatic, L A Hybrids,
Oriental lilies and O T
hybrids.
• Due to its size, beauty,
aroma and longevity, holds
4th position among top 10
cut flowers.
IndianInstituteofHorticulturalResearch
Introduction
4. Lilium viruses
20 species of virus have been reported to infect
lily plants worldwide.
Lily mottle virus (LMoV), Lily symptomless
virus (LSV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and
Lily X viruses (LVX) (Derks, 1995).
Tobacco ring spot (Travis and Brierley, 1957)
Lily mild mosaic, Narcissus mosaic (Lee et al.,
1996)
IndianInstituteofHorticulturalResearch
5. Symptoms…
Lily mottle virus (LMoV) and
Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV)
were identified first time in the
field of IHBT, Palampur,
Himachal Pradesh, India
These plants were found to
exhibit various types of
symptoms, viz. deformed leaves,
deformed flowers, stunting of
the plants and deformed bulbs
Sharma et al., 2005
IndianInstituteofHorticulturalResearch
6. Detection and characterization
Bioassay
Double antibody sandwich-Enzyme linked
immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA)
Electron microscopy
Immunosorbent electron microscopy
Reverse transcription polymerase chain
reaction (RT-PCR) and sequencing.
IndianInstituteofHorticulturalResearch
9. Pathogen-free stocks of planting materials: Pivotal for
productivity and value of ornamental plants
Pathogen-free planting materials is required for
Commercial cultivation
Germplasm collections in gene banks
Breeding new cultivars for future needs
Tissue culture methods for producing virus-free (VF) lilies
have been known and applied for over 20 years.
IndianInstituteofHorticulturalResearch
10. In vitro culture techniques for virus elimination
Meristem tip culture
Thermotherapy
Cryotherapy
Chemotherapy
Electrotherapy
Combination of these methods
IndianInstituteofHorticulturalResearch
11. The youngest meristematic cells are usually free of viruses/ phytoplasma/
bacteria. Excision and regeneration might result in pathogen-free plants
Regeneration ability: Proportional to size of the shoot tip, but pathogen
eradication is more efficient using small shoot tips (0.2–0.4 mm)
Meristem culture and associated problems
IndianInstituteofHorticulturalResearch
12. Elimination of viruses from ornamental plants by shoot meristem
culture or its combination with other biotechnological procedures
13. Hosokawa et al., (2004) presented a new method for
production of virus-free plants, for which a root tip of
chrysanthemum, petunia and carnation used apart from the
apical shoot meristem.
Root apex is considered to be a suitable organ for meristem
culture, since root meristem has a high potential of cell
division.
The main reason for use of the meristem culture is the fact
that most viruses do not attack the meristem of shoots, since
the multiplication of meristem cells is faster than replication of
viruses
Foster et al., 2002 studies have shown that the mechanism of
gene silencing is in fact the main reason.
IndianInstituteofHorticulturalResearch
15. Virus eradication using meristem culture is challenged by
nnumerous obstacles, such as:
Meristem size
Meristem position on a plant
Protocol applied during detection (different
sensitiveness of the applied methods)
Chaum et al., 2006
IndianInstituteofHorticulturalResearch
16. Plants are exposed to temperature between 35 to 40°C
Growing host plants at higher temperatures significantly
reduces replication of many plant viruses by disrupting viral
ssRNA and dsRNA synthesis.
Effective against iso-metric and thread –like viruses.
Hot air treatment appears to be more successful in
eliminating virus than the hot water method and causes less
damage to the plant tissue.
Thermo-therapy and Meristem Culture
IndianInstituteofHorticulturalResearch
Ram et al., 2005
17. The principal alterations in viral particles as a result of
thermal treatment above 35°C are related to the rupture of
hydrogen and disulfide bonds of capsid protein, followed
by nucleic acid phosphodiester covalent bonds
Wang et al., (2008) combined thermotherapy (38°C) and
cryotherapy treatments and reported that close
relationship between temperature and RNA silencing
which seems to act as a means to increase the degradation
of virus RNA.
IndianInstituteofHorticulturalResearch
18. Plant survival and LSV elimination in lilium oriental hybrid Casa
Blanca when treated with thermotherapy during tissue culture
Nesi et al., 2015 suggested that thermotherapy given to in vitro
growing bulblets effectively eliminated the virus and induced a fast
and efficient micropropagation technique for virus-free mother plant
stock.
19. Cryotherapy
It eliminates plant pathogens like viruses/ phytoplasmas/ bacteria by briefly
treating shoot tips in liquid nitrogen using cryopreservation protocols
In cryotherapy, infected cells are eliminated by the lethal effects of the ultra-
low temperature and/or subsequent warming
Healthy plants are regenerated from the surviving pathogen-free
meristematic tissue
IndianInstituteofHorticulturalResearch
20. Advantages
It facilitates treatment of large numbers of samples
because pathogen eradication is independent of the
size of shoot tips
Easier excision of larger shoot tips is possible
Fewer regenerated shoots need to be pathogen-
indexed
Time period required to implement the whole
cryotherapy procedure was shortest compared to
thermotherapy and thermotherapy followed by shoot
tip culture
IndianInstituteofHorticulturalResearch
22. Chemotherapy and Meristem tip culture
1. Chemotherapy can be used with meristem-tip culture to
increase the incidence of VF plants (Hollings, 1965;
Walkey 1985).
2. Chemotherapy uses compounds such as ribavirin
(Virazole) or vidarabine (Vira A), Actinomycin-D,
Cyclohexamide, that affect the virus multiplication added
into the culture medium for curing the shoot tips virus.
3. The principle of chemotherapy is similar to that of heat
treatment in that the compound allows the virus to degrade
and not allow it to multiply.
IndianInstituteofHorticulturalResearch
23. Plant survival and LSV elimination in lilium oriental hybrid
Casa Blanca when treated with antiviral agents during tissue
culture
IndianInstituteofHorticulturalResearch
Nesi et al., 2015
24. 1. Bioreactor combined with these techniques may offer a
promising tool for virus free mass propagation system
in future.
2. Bioreactor can easily be applied on liquid suspension
culture systems for large scale propagation of lilium
bulbs.
3. Bioreactors enable further process automation, quality
control system.
Bioreactor
IndianInstituteofHorticulturalResearch
25. Very less work has been done on ornamental crops, so
focus should be given
Specific protocols, need to developed for different
species/genotypes
Combination of techniques for virus elimination is more
effective
Bioreactor combined with these techniques may offer a
promising tool for virus free mass propagation system in
future.
IndianInstituteofHorticulturalResearch