Green spaces provide numerous benefits in urban areas by making cities healthier, happier, and more sustainable places to live. They improve air and water quality, reduce temperatures, promote physical and mental well-being, and increase social interaction and property values. Strategies for ensuring adequate green space include defining standards for open space at different levels, distributing spaces evenly throughout cities, protecting existing trees and vegetation, incentivizing private development of green areas, and educating the public about the importance of nature in urban environments.
Sustainable Urban Open Green Spaces Opportunities and ChallengesMehdi Rakhshandehroo
Shortage of open green spaces has become a common concern in today’s compact cities. Based on the literature review, urban open green spaces provide different dimensions of sustainability because of opportunities for social, environmental, and economic benefits which contribute to quality of life in cities. Urban development and renewal should be accompanied with a greening vision, to insert more plantable spaces into the urban fabric. Therefore sustainable urban planning, design and management are needed to improve urban greening strategy.
In order to enhance urban greenery, innovative and creative ideas should be applied in urban management, for instance informal open green spaces (e.g. brownfields, vacant lots, streets and railways) potentially are part of urban nature or a setback along roadsides could create a planting strip and improve the urban landscape. The opportunities which are laid in the sustainable development can improve environmental quality and consequently the quality of life.
Planning for Open Spaces to Make Cities HealthyJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation is an attempt to showcase and aggregate the various approaches to making provision, planning, designing the open spaces to make cities and communities happy, healthy, productive, effective, efficient and sustainable in the ever growing urban milieu
This presentation is a compilation of selected topics on the history of urbanization, urban and regional planning theories, urban thinkers and their contributes, concepts, bases of land use, applicability to the Philippine setting, and a briefer of urban design elements.
Sustainable Urban Open Green Spaces Opportunities and ChallengesMehdi Rakhshandehroo
Shortage of open green spaces has become a common concern in today’s compact cities. Based on the literature review, urban open green spaces provide different dimensions of sustainability because of opportunities for social, environmental, and economic benefits which contribute to quality of life in cities. Urban development and renewal should be accompanied with a greening vision, to insert more plantable spaces into the urban fabric. Therefore sustainable urban planning, design and management are needed to improve urban greening strategy.
In order to enhance urban greenery, innovative and creative ideas should be applied in urban management, for instance informal open green spaces (e.g. brownfields, vacant lots, streets and railways) potentially are part of urban nature or a setback along roadsides could create a planting strip and improve the urban landscape. The opportunities which are laid in the sustainable development can improve environmental quality and consequently the quality of life.
Planning for Open Spaces to Make Cities HealthyJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation is an attempt to showcase and aggregate the various approaches to making provision, planning, designing the open spaces to make cities and communities happy, healthy, productive, effective, efficient and sustainable in the ever growing urban milieu
This presentation is a compilation of selected topics on the history of urbanization, urban and regional planning theories, urban thinkers and their contributes, concepts, bases of land use, applicability to the Philippine setting, and a briefer of urban design elements.
Lecture (second of three parts) for the 2018 UP Plano Board Exam Review Sessions; content credited to The City Reader (2016) and my Plan 201 learnings.
Planning for Open Spaces to make cities HealthyJIT KUMAR GUPTA
The presentation is an attempt to showcase the role and importance of open spaces in the context of human settlements and to improve quality of air and life in built environment, communities and cities
GARDEN CITY(garden city concept), the perfect blend of city and nature.
the preservation of agricultural and rural life, nature and heritage conservation, recreation, pollution minimization, and growth management as well as the city endowed the tradition of urban planning with a social and community dimensions.
Land Use and Legibility- Urban Design TerminologyGrace Henry
Land Use and Legibility- two basic and yet important terms used in Urban design. The definition, history and examples are listed through the presentation.
Urban Landscape Elements slides for Sustainable Urban Landscape Design course.
Master Sustainable Urban Design, Razak Faculty, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
Green Spaces are known for its context, role, relevance, importance, sanctity and criticality of open spaces in making residents happy and healthy; making human living more qualitative and productive and making cities great places to live and work. Accordingly providing and making accessible green spaces of appropriate quality must be made integral part of planning, designing, management and governance of human settlements to make them sustainable, liveable, qualitative, resilient and inclusive.
Planning for Open Spaces to Make Cities HealthyJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation is an attempt to aggregate various approaches to planning, designing and developing the open spaces and their context in the urban areas/ urban neighborhoods / urban communities/urban residents to make them happy, healthy, productive and sustainable
Lecture (second of three parts) for the 2018 UP Plano Board Exam Review Sessions; content credited to The City Reader (2016) and my Plan 201 learnings.
Planning for Open Spaces to make cities HealthyJIT KUMAR GUPTA
The presentation is an attempt to showcase the role and importance of open spaces in the context of human settlements and to improve quality of air and life in built environment, communities and cities
GARDEN CITY(garden city concept), the perfect blend of city and nature.
the preservation of agricultural and rural life, nature and heritage conservation, recreation, pollution minimization, and growth management as well as the city endowed the tradition of urban planning with a social and community dimensions.
Land Use and Legibility- Urban Design TerminologyGrace Henry
Land Use and Legibility- two basic and yet important terms used in Urban design. The definition, history and examples are listed through the presentation.
Urban Landscape Elements slides for Sustainable Urban Landscape Design course.
Master Sustainable Urban Design, Razak Faculty, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
Green Spaces are known for its context, role, relevance, importance, sanctity and criticality of open spaces in making residents happy and healthy; making human living more qualitative and productive and making cities great places to live and work. Accordingly providing and making accessible green spaces of appropriate quality must be made integral part of planning, designing, management and governance of human settlements to make them sustainable, liveable, qualitative, resilient and inclusive.
Planning for Open Spaces to Make Cities HealthyJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation is an attempt to aggregate various approaches to planning, designing and developing the open spaces and their context in the urban areas/ urban neighborhoods / urban communities/urban residents to make them happy, healthy, productive and sustainable
Planning for Open Spaces to Make Cities Healthy(Revised)JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation tries to highlight the role and importance of open spaces in the context of human habitats, advantages it offers in making cities sustainable,livable, healthy and social. In addition presentation tries to define the policy framework for planning and designing these spaces..
Increasing problems of climate change, rising temperature, global warming and increasing carbon footprints, can be largely attributed to the manner in which built environment is being planned, designed, constructed and created .
Considering the role, relevance and importance, buildings need to be made more environmentally sustainable; economically vibrant/ productive and physically better place to live and work.
Making built environment more productive, sustainable and inclusive, calls for looking into and exploring the innovative options of; Rationalizing and redefining the process of planning, designing, constructing and maintaining the buildings; Making built environment energy/resource efficient and environment friendly; mitigating heat island, making buildings safe against natural and manmade disasters. In order to make building supportive of environment and ecology ;buildings have to be made sustainable, smart and intelligent, so that agenda to make buildings vibrant and least consumer of energy/resources /generator of waste.
Presentation tries to link cities with buildings in the context of energy, resources, sustainability and productivity and brieflt describes how the cities can be made green and how green buildings can be made a reality
Presentation focuses on various aspects of buildings- how they have to be planned, designed, oriented, constructed using materials and technologies to make them Green in real sense of the term - to make them supportive and promoter of sustainability.
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This presentation was delivered by Diaa El-Masry to a group of young people in Qatar University during summer 2014. It is a basic introduction to the Green concepts and how can we help ourselves by being more environmental friendly!
Cities, globally have been recognised as the major promoters of global warming, climate change and increasing carbon footprints. Within cities, it is the built environment and transportation, which are primarily responsible for making them unsustainable. Majority of problems related to urban sustainability are the outcome of the manner in which buildings are planned , designed , constructed and operated. Buildings, as definers of character and fabric of any city, are known for their positivity, negativities, dualities and contradictions. Consuming nearly half of the global energy, majority of resources and generating large carbon emissions, buildings are largely responsible for making cities unsustainable. This call for making buildings energy efficient and least consumers of resources. Sustainable Development Goals also mandate the critical role of buildings in promoting global sustainability. However, majority of buildings are designed and constructed , without any concern for energy, resources and environment. Making buildings minimum consumers of energy and resources would require changing the traditional approach to designing the buildings; making building green; considering relevance of climate,site and orientation, ; life-cycle assessment ;energy ,water efficiency and; building materials.
Built environment created in the past was invariably based on nature and optimally using resources made available by nature to meet the basic requirement of ventilation, heating and cooling of the buildings in order to create ambient environment for quality living. Using local materials and local skills ,built environment created was based on adopting passive approach and passive methods of making buildings sustainable. Cities in the past were made compact to make them human centric, energy efficient, land efficient and promoting safety and security. Mechanism of mixed landuse was used to make cities more humane and social. Cities were treated, planned and designed as integrated entities. Water was valued and innovative mechanisms were used to conserve, preserve and promote availability of water. Streets dominated the planning of human settlements instead of roads. Despite being planned and developed as compact cities, adequate public spaces were made integral part of planning process. Planning focused on creating self-sustaining communities , mutually supporting each other. Fundamental principal was promoting planning and living based on need and not greed. Nature was the governing principle of planning and nature based solutions were evolved, devolved and made applicable in making human settlements sustainable and livable. Back to basic remains a great option and agenda to understand the principles which can be used to charter the future agenda for growth and development.
Similar to Green Spaces making cities happy, Healthy and Sustainable (20)
Heritage Conservation.Strategies and Options for Preserving India HeritageJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation looks at the role , relevance and importance of built and natural heritage, issues faced by heritage in the Indian context and options which can be leveraged to preserve and conserve the heritage.It also lists the challenges faced by the heritage due to rapid urbanisation, land speculation and commercialisation in the urban areas. In addition, ppt lays down the roadmap for the preservation, conservation and making value addition to the available heritage by making it integral part of the planning , designing and management of the human settlements.
Role and Relevance of Architects and architecture in SustainabilityJIT KUMAR GUPTA
This brief text on Role, Relevance and importance of Architects and profession of Architecture in making this world and human settlements more livable, climate responsive and sustainable has been prepared as commitment of the professionals and profession of Architects on this World Environment Day ; June 5th , 2024 , with the hope that profession would be understood, valued ,appreciated and empowered in the right context for enabling it play its designated role in making built environment qualitative, cost-effective, energy-efficient, eco-friendly, safe and sustainable.
Bridging gap between resources and responsibilities at Local level.JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Text refers to need, role, relevance and importance of empowering urban local bodies by bridging gap between resources available and responsibilities bestowed, for enabling ULBs to operate and function as institutions of local governance more effectively and efficiently.
Construction Industry Through Artificial Intelligence -.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Considering the role, relevance and importance of construction sector in promoting economy, generating employment and creating wealth besides providing infrastructures and amenities, there is need to make the sector more effective, efficient, productive and sustainable. Driven manually, construction sector remains in the slow lane of creating quality built environment which are cost-effective, energy efficient, least consumers of resources and generators of waste. Artificial intelligence can help and empower the construction to make it more valuable, productive and qualitative besides supportive of environment and ecology. However, construction sector must be ready to co-operate and collaborate with IT industry to look for options and opportunities to make construction sector more qualitative and productive. Majority of urban ills and climate related issues can be resolved if Artificial intelligence can be embedded as integral part of the construction industry right prom planning, designing, construction, operation and management of the built environment and infrastructures. Communities and nations will save lot of valuable non-renewable resources if the construction sector is transformed from human led to technology led by the induction of Artificial intelligence. However, Construction industry has to search the areas where Artificial intelligence can be used effectively and intelligently.
Making Urban India a Role Model of Planned Urban Growth a.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Known for productivity, promoting economy, employment and innovations cities, when properly planned, rationally developed and professionally managed, have been labelled and recognized as engines of economic growth. Prosperity and urbanisation are known to have positive co-relation with rational urbanisation, leveraging growth and development of any community, city, state and region. In majority of developing countries, where urbanisation remains unregulated, forced largely by rural push and less by urban pull, cities invariably remain in crisis, crisis of population, crisis of poverty, crisis of development and management. Cities need to be cared ,incentivized, empowered and made more productive, effective, efficient and humane.
Redefining Globalization, urbanisation and LocalisationJIT KUMAR GUPTA
If cities are to made more livable, humane and productive, it is time that intent, contents and scope of globalization must be revisited and reviewed, both critically and objectively. Globalisation would need redefinition for promoting universality and inclusiveness among people and nations to have basic amenities and quality of life for all its residents , including poorest of the poor to lead a dignified life. Failure to redefine globalization, rationalise urbanisation, restore localization empowering poor and promoting universalisation and inclusivity; will invariably lead to making SDGs merely a paper exercise. In addition, making the world, cities and communities sustainable, livable, safe and inclusive, would remain merely a dream and a mirage, for future generations and communities, making planet earth as their preferred place of residence.
Knowing, Understanding and Planning Cities- Role and Relevance Physical Plan...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Cities are known for its complexities and operational inefficiencies. cities remain dynamic ,ever evolving, ever devolving, never static and never finite.
All cities remain different, distinct, unique and universal. No two cities are similar. Each city has its own strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Accordingly, problem faced by any city cannot be viewed, dissected, analyzed and enumerated, while sitting within the four walls of the air-conditioned rooms and by the so called intellectual sitting in the so called offices determining the future of cities and towns. Neither the cities can be made more rational by limited knowledge agencies providing consultancy to cities , states and nations.
For realistically and rationally understanding, analyzing the cities and having simple, cost-effective and quality solutions to the problems and challenges faced , Cities have to be walked through and concerns of the various communities have to be properly understood and appreciated.
Prime reason for inability and lack of capacity on the part of majority of physical planners, engaged in the art and science of planning, designing and developing the cities, to address the issues and challenges faced by cities , realistically and rationally, has genesis in the lack of understanding of the origin, growth and development of cities.
Lack of capacity in majority of town planners, has roots in the quality of education imparted and seriousness and commitment on the part of both teachers and taught involved. As it stands today, majority of institutions involved in imparting education in planning are being run on an ad-hoc manner and by proxy. Only few institutions have regular teachers and regular students. Majority of planning institutions are being run on proxy with proxy students and proxy teachers. Education system including curricula used for teaching, needs, review, revision and redefinition to make it more relevant to rational for addressing the issues and challenges faced by the cities and towns.
Land as a Resource for urban finanace- 24-1-23.pptJIT KUMAR GUPTA
PPt tries to brief Land, as a gift of nature, is being grossly misused, abused , manipulated Land is globally used for providing platform for all human driven activities, based on living, working, culture of body/ mind and travel.
Limited availability, coupled with large number of human beings trying to source land, has invariably created large demand for land resource for human consumption. Land, in urban context, is required for meeting the specific needs of urban dwellers for residential, commercial, institutional, recreational, travel& traffic purposes besides providing space for infrastructures , amenities, services, trade and commerce etc. Land in urban context remains under large demand and command high price due to concentration of large population in small physical area, with stakeholders making competing claims.Rapid and uncontrolled growth in population experienced by urban areas has adversely impacted and generated considerable pressure on land resource in cities and towns , leading to large scale conversion, sub-division and illegal occupation of urban land. Unregulated and regulated pressure on land has largely been met by means of both formal/informal sub-division and development of land. Growth of the urban settlements and entire mechanism of urban planning and development remains land based/ land focused. In order to make optimum use of land resource on 24x7x365; making city planning, growth, development and management ,both rational. realistic, orderly and promoter of quality living, it will be critical and essential, that all ULBs are made to focus on eliminating culture and practices promoting un-authorized/ illegal sub-division of land for ushering an environment and era of planned urban development in the cities. Land needs to be effectively leveraged to generate resources for ULBs to make cities vibrant.
COST-EFFETIVE and Energy Efficient BUILDINGS ptxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Built environment is known for its capacity, capability, role, relevance and importance to change the quality of life of the occupants and communities. Presentation focuses on options which need to be leveraged to make buildings sustainable, cost-effective, energy efficient, resource efficient, qualitative over its entire life-cycle through designing, construction, operation. It calls for making buildings green and sustainable.
Making Buildings cost-effective , Energy Efficient ptxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation focuses on options which need to be leveraged to make buildings sustainable, cost-effective, energy efficient, resource efficient, qualitative over its entire life-cycle
Ppt briefs about role, relevance, importance of the rating systems applicable in India, criteria used in assessing
greeness, weightage allocated, , brief of how these rating systems are applied, parameters involved; weightage granted, levels of rating granted , incentives given by states for green rated buildings and brief of suggestions, how to make rating system more effective, efficient, objective and transparent.
The phenomenon of global warming remains more pronounced in the urban areas, for the reason cities house large concentration of people and activities in a small/compact urban space.Densely-built downtown areas tend to be warmer than suburban residential areas or rural areas.. UHI not only raises urban temperatures but also increases ozone concentrations because ozone is a greenhouse gas whose formation will accelerate with the temperature. Tokyo, an example of an urban heat island. Normal temperatures of Tokyo go up higher than those of the surrounding area. However, it needs to be understood and appreciated that climate change is not the cause of urban heat islands but it is causing more frequent and more intense heat waves which in turn amplify the urban heat island effect in cities. Major reasons for ever growing global warming and climate change can be attributed to the; Nature and natural; Human-Driven; population; Rapid Urbanisation; Irrational Urban planning; High Density; Inefficient Transportation ;Large generation/consumption of fossil fuel based Energy; Unsustainable Buildings; Polluting Industry & Manufacturing; Unsustainable Agriculture; Irrational Development; Large scale Deforestation; Lack of open spaces and individual life-choices;
Making and Unmaking of Chandigarh - A City of Two Plans2-4-24.pptJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation is a narrative of a
capital city- known for its innovative planning, designing, construction and management of a new capital . It briefs about the principles used in the planning and designing of city -by the first team of planners led by Albert Mayer and Mathew Nowicki-- followed by the second team led by Le- Corbusier, P Jenerette, Jane B Drew , Maxwell Fry. It also details about the various aspects of the city planning, planning of the sector as a neighbourhood, typologies of
various developmental controls used for regulating the construction of buildings. Innovations used for regulating the growth and development of periphery; redensification of city in case city exceeds its planned population of half a million, creating a narrative of city and periphery, innovative landscaping, defining an edict for the city to educate the future citizens of the capital city to safeguard the future growth and development besides lessons learnt from planning and designing the new cities.
Planning and Designing Green buildings-.issues, options and strategiesJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Affordability and sustainable development are considered anti-thesis across the world. Generally there exists conflict between the approach to sustainable built environment and affordable buildings. Sustainable development is considered more expensive. According to Middleton, ‘Sustainability and affordability aren’t mutually exclusive goals. It’s not about adding extra, but thinking more carefully about the design of buildings and incorporating technologies that can offset the rising costs of energy, water and other services. Affordability and sustainability are known to fit together perfectly’.
Through excellent design, buildings can be made more sustainable and affordable. Smaller the footprint of buildings, lower will be the upfront costs and embodied energy and lower shall be the running costs of buildings. Looking at the entire context of health, rising cost of amenities/services; Sustainable/Green designs are now being increasingly adopted, to make built environment more cost-effective and affordable. Considering the enormous amount of built environment to be created, India will have no option but to tread the path of sustainability and sustainable development in the built environment. Sustainable built environment would also help in and go a long way in achieving the majority of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals for the reason, built environment is known to be the largest consumer of energy, avoid wasteful use of resources and minimise generation of waste. Global sustainability will be largely contingent upon how effectively and efficiently we can make our buildings sustainable and qualitative through innovative/green design solutions based on local climate and culture, valuing site planning, embedding orientation, cross ventilation, using renewable/waste materials and involving state of the art building technologies.
_Neighborhood Planning in Capital City of Chandigarh- An Appraisal (2) - Copy...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Neighborhood as an idea, concept, option and strategy has been extensively used locally and globally by the Urban Planners to plan and decentralize cities, create cities within cities, promote self-contained communities and to make cities more humane, safe and socially vibrant. Neighborhood has also been used recently to define the city in terms of travel time - making 10/15 minutes city
Accordingly, large typologies of NH ,in terms of planning and designing , with varying shapes, sizes and contents have emerged in the urban context. Americans have used superblock and French using Sector for defining the neighborhood. Despite distinct advantages, holding high degree of relevance in urban and local area planning , NH planning has not been able to deliver the envisioned objectives of safety and social vibrancy. Cities in the process have been socially, economically and physically fragmented, leading to clear division of cities into different communities with little economical and social connectivity. Variance of planning and designing norms followed at NH and sub-neighborhood levels have promoted more dichotomy and contradictions with varying quality of life inducted at local level. Differential population and infrastructures have divided the city into the categories of high/low end NH units. Fabric and morphology of cities, in large cases, has been distorted with urban settlement emerging as a distinct social map of communities graded economically and socially,on the basis of area/location . In the process, the way NH planning concept has been used, neighborhood planning has emerged as an instrument of social and economic segregation/division. In fact in number of cases, concept has been used, misused, abused in intent and content to divide the cities into distinct social and economic layers. Instead of unifying , concept has led to division of cities.
Genesis of modern application of NH can be found in the planning and designing of Chandigarh where entire city fabric of capital city was woven around Sector as the basic unit of planning, concptulasied as self-contained and self-sustaining unit at the local level. However, the way sectors have been planned, it has led to dividing the cities into different and distinct communities. Individual status in Chandigarh can be judged from his/her residence. Concept of Sector has done more damage than good to the fabric of the city. Chandigarh is likely to face considerable problem in making city socially and economically cohesive/vibrant,. Sectors in Chandigarh remain anti-thesis to the basic concept of NH planning of safety, involving walkability, vehicular movement, putting commercial space in the centre. Considering role, relevance, importance and usability , NH needs to be planned, designed with care and caution, in order to make cities socially and economically vibrant, inclusive. NH planning deserves a new definition and approach to make it relevant and rational.
Reviewing, Revising and Redefining Master Plans and Development Plans to Ma...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Looking at its efficacy and efficiency, it can be seen and observed that Master Plans/ Development Plans have done more damage than good for the planned growth and development of the cities to which they have been made applicable. These plans have been violated with impunity both by the people, communities, cities and parastatal agencies; for the betterment/welfare of which these plans were prepared. These plans have been visualized as controller of development rather than promoters of development. Instead of planned development , these plans have been usherers of the unplanned development. These plans are known to be responsible for promoting large number of slums besides making quality of life poor for majority of the urban inhabitants. Cities under Master Plans are also known to promote exclusion rather than inclusion. Master Plans/Development Plans are known to promote prosperity for few and marginalize the large proportions of the local community by making them poor. Instead of catering to urban dynamism, Master Plans/Development Plans try to freeze the city, for next two decades, to which it is made to serve. Accordingly, these plans need to be reviewed , rationalised, revised and redefined to make them better Master Plans/Development Plans
Rationalizing the Planned Growth of Urban India- paper.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Rapid and uncontrolled growth in population experienced by urban areas has adversely impacted and generated considerable pressure on land resource in cities and towns , leading to large scale conversion, sub-division and illegal occupation of urban land. Unregulated and regulated pressure on land has largely been met by means of both formal/informal sub-division and development of land. Growth of the urban settlements and entire mechanism of urban planning and development remains land based/ land focused, based on a strategy of sub-division of the land, dictated by the economic forces prevailing in the market. Irrational and ineffective public policies of urban planning and land sub-division, devoid of prevailing ground realities, have turned out to be incompatible with the demands of urban expansion, leading to large scale un-authorized and illegal sub-division of land. In the process, valuable land resources, gift of nature, has been misused, abused and mutilated in this race of uncontrolled and irrational urbanisation. In order to make optimum use of land resource; making city planning, growth, development and management ,both rational. realistic, orderly and promoter of quality living, it will be critical and essential, that all urban centres are made to focus on eliminating the culture and practices promoting un-authorized/illegal sub-division of land for ushering an environment and era of planned urban development in the country.
Suggestion and Options for integrating villages. within the framework of the...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Preparing Master Plans/Development Plans for any urban settlements, basically and essentially, involves declaring a planning area for which the said long term plans are prepared. Planning area invariably includes and involves, number of rural settlements, which comprise of the planning area besides the urban settlement. It has been observed that in majority of cases, while detailed studies and analysis are carried out of the urban settlements but villages in the study and analysis remain marginalized, diluted and muted. Despite the fact, villages have critical role in the rational development of the urban settlement, but in preparing Master Plans their role and relevance is not made part of the said plan. Accordingly, this text tries to bring out the typologies of villages falling in the planning area and the suggested framework to develop these villages in making Master Plans, better Master Plan. In order to improve Master Plan qualitatively, quantitively, both in intent, contents and scope, It will be appropriate that all the villages falling in the planning area must be studied , analyzed and made integral part of the final outcome of the proposals of Master Plan. In-fact one Chapter must be exclusively dedicated to detail out the issues faced by the Villages and options which can be leveraged to promote the rational growth of villages ,as an integral part of the long term development of the urban settlement , for which the Master Plan is being prepared. This will help not only in integrating the urban- rural settlements falling in the planning area, but would also go a long way in promoting and ensuring rational growth and development of the urban settlement, for which the Master Plan is being prepared.
Making cities Climate Responsive and SustainableJIT KUMAR GUPTA
“Decarbonization” of cities ,as an issue ,as an option and as a strategy , has been gaining currency in the parlance of; making planet earth livable and sustainable. “Decarbonization has been globally valued for keeping the global temperature below 1.5C, and achieving the agenda and goals defined in the 17 Sustainable Development Goals, defined by UN for achieving universal sustainability. Despite distinct role and relevance, criticality and importance of decarbonization of cities has neither been properly understood and appreciated nor made integral part of the architectural practice and art and science of designing and construction of buildings. Consuming one -third of global energy (33%) and generating 39% of greenhouse gas emissions buildings have been considered as the major player in the domain of climate change and global warming. Since Architects and Architecture are
actively involved in the making and unmaking of buildings, accordingly it becomes important that planners and architects must play a significant role in making
cities and buildings least consumers of energy and generators of the minimum greenhouse gas emissions. This objective can be achieved if decarbonizing cities/buildings is made a distinct reality . Issue of decarbonizing the cities/buildings assumes importance for the reason, that world’s building floorspace is likely to be become double by the year 2060, with the addition of large number of newcities/ buildings due to rapid urbanization, population growth and economic development ; required for catering to
to the needs of additional population opting for urban living.
Managing Planning and Development of Citie- 26-2-24.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Cities in India are known to be in perpetual crisis; facing numerous crises in terms of; crisis of rational growth, crisis of orderly and planned development; crisis of effective and efficient urban management; crisis of making provision of basic infrastructure and services; crisis of climate change; crisis of global warming; crisis of poverty, pollution and population and crisis of making human living and prevailing environment qualitative. These urban crises have genesis in the fact that cities in India, lack ownership, command, authority and lack of willingness to run and manage cities professionally and objectively. In majority of cases, cities in India are run by proxy. In terms of physical growth and development; large cities are marked by multiplicity of agencies claiming right/ownership of development over the urban areas, whereas smaller cities face absence of such ownership and are made to run, operate and function like orphans
different Modes of Insect Plant InteractionArchita Das
different modes of interaction between insects and plants including mutualism, commensalism, antagonism, Pairwise and diffuse coevolution, Plant defenses, how coevolution started
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Top 8 Strategies for Effective Sustainable Waste Management.pdfJhon Wick
Discover top strategies for effective sustainable waste management, including product removal and product destruction. Learn how to reduce, reuse, recycle, compost, implement waste segregation, and explore innovative technologies for a greener future.
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.tiwarimanvi3129
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
2. Green Spaces in Urban Context
• Green Spaces known for;-
• Making cities happy and healthy places to live
• Making Cities walkable
• Making cities Cool- Reducing heat islands
• Making Cities Spongy--Reducing flooding
• Promoting ground water recharging
• Improving environment
• Minimizing Noise
• Promoting Tourism
• Improving Quality of air/Filtering Air
• Making Cities Green
• Increasing Property Values
• Reducing social, medical /safety services-
• -- Through healthy dose of nature
3. Green Spaces in Urban Context
• Green Spaces known for;-
• Improving quality of life in urban areas.
• Making people healthy
• Promote Recreation/Physical activity
• Promoting Mental Health
• Reducing Stress and violence
• Improve concentration
• Foster a sense of community
• Creating space for birds/animals in cities
• Reducing Crime
• Improving productivity
• Promoting Safety
• Providing Economic stimulus
• Speedy Curing patients
4. Green Spaces in Urban Context
• Urban Green spaces are:
• Public / private --parks, play areas/green spaces,
• - --unsealed, permeable, “soft” surfaces
• - covered by
• -- vegetation , soil, grass, shrubs and trees.
• Used for recreation
• In land use planning - Urban open space are areas under--
-- "parks", “
--green spaces“.
--playing fields
-- recreational areas
-- natural landscapes. -Commonly open to public access
• Excludes Areas—
• outside city boundaries/ state / national parks / open space
in countryside,
• - Streets, piazzas, plazas / urban squares
6. Trees- Man Ratio
A human breathes about 9.5 tonnes of air /year
-- oxygen only makes up about 23 % of air by mass
-- One third of oxygen from each breath-- 740kg of oxygen / year.-- -- roughly, seven / eight
trees’ worth.
8. Lack Of Open Spaces
• Globally, 9 million people die every year due to
air pollution.
• In London, two million people - of which
400,000 are children - are living in areas with
toxic air.
9. Green Spaces in Urban Context
• Cities are more than just buildings and people.
• With growing Cities, green space become valuable:
Cities choking due to paucity of open spaces
• Vehicular pollution is killing cities
• Open spaces always remain at premium
• Most “liveable” /famous cities – known for parks---.
• --Hyde Park in London, Central Park in New York,
• -- Pinjore Garden- Kalka
• -- Shalimar/Tulip Garden- Srinagar
• ---Rose/Rock Garden Chandigarh
• -- Budha Jayanti Park- Delhi
• attraction for inhabitants / visitors
• challenges-- provide open spaces in cities
• – space, resources ,development, maintenance
17. Park: Kite-fliers gather on green roof of pump house
-- at Marina Barrage dam,-- which formed a new reservoir /
guards against flooding.-- created from land reclamation
-- to relieve growth pressure on Singapore.
21. Benefits of green space in cities
• Health benefits associated with public open space /
parks.
---better general health
--reduced stress levels,
---- reduced depression
• WHO--physical inactivity major public health risk.
• Study found -- people using public open spaces --
three times more healthier than non-users.
• Improving access to public open spaces /creating
Network of parks / open spaces; leads to :
• - -Reducing congestion,
• --Making Cities more open/healthy
• - Promoting socialisation
• --Promoting Youth development
• -Improving community feeling
• -Promoting safety /security
• -Providing vital lungs to city
• provide healthy habitats for wildlife / plants
• Preserves regional eco-systems amid growing cities.
22. Benefits- Open Spaces
-- 3 Benefits urban open space provide to communities:
• -- recreational,
• -- ecological,
• --- aesthetical value.
• Recreational –
• -- offers reprieve from urban environment
• promotes active recreation --organized sports / individual exercise)
• -- passive recreation-- being in open space.
• Ecological--
• -- Conserve nature .
• - Creates ecological awareness".
• -- Serves as islands of nature,
• -- promotes biodiversity
• -- provide home for natural species
• Aesthetical;
• --People enjoy viewing nature.
-- substitution for gray infrastructure.
-- Making neighborhoods attractive
-- creating positive attitudes
-- increases walking
23. Benefits of green space in cities
Parks also help :
--Creating human / energy efficient cities
• --- slowing global warming.
• -- making living attractive and viable.
• -- Creating networks linking greenspaces/ individual parks,
• --making easier to bike/ walk
• Gardens planted on rooftops ---
• --maximise limited space and
• -- curtail greenhouse gas emissions.
• Every tree helps fight global warming
• --reducing amount of greenhouse gases and
• --help cool cities.
• In US
• , --evaluation made of largest 85 cities in country
(population of 57.2 million) found
• -- health savings from parks estimated $3.08 billion.
• Trees / vegetation in urban parks offer:
• -- lower cost/ natural solutions --for addressing --
storm water runoff / Flooding/ air pollution.
25. Singapore-- Super trees in 250-acre Gardens by Bay.
-- High-tech structures range from 80 to 160 feet
-- collect solar energy to power a night light show.
-- trunks are vertical gardens, laced with more than 150,000 living plants.
26.
27. Benefits of Green Roofs in cities
• Vertical gardens, green roofs and parks
• --increase city’s attractiveness
• --Promote better quality of life
• -- create healthier/ sustainable spaces.
• Green roofs act as sinks for CO2
• -- each 100 square metres of green roof ;
• --reduces green house gases @ 1.8 tonnes per
year.
• -- can produce oxygen needed by 100 people in a
year
• -- Remove pollution emitted by 15 cars in a
year
• -- reduce ambient temperature of cities by 1°C
• -- Minimise urban heat island /harmful city smog.
• -- prevent forming harmful ozone layer
• -- retain 40% of rainwater
• - can delay water discharge by 18 minutes during
intense rain,
29. Hierarchy of Open Spaces
• Open Spaces need to be planned
in a defined hierarchy
• Regional level open spaces
• Specialized Open spaces- zoo,
botanical gardens
• City level open spaces
• Sub- City level open spaces
• District level open spaces
• Neighbourhood level open
spaces
• Housing Cluster level open
spaces
• Tot Lots
31. ECO-CITY TIANJIN- Master plan
..
1. Land-use Planning – compact city , mixed land uses ,Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) .
2. Transport Planning -Green transport .-- majority trips via public/ non-motorised modes of
transport --bicycles and walking
3. Green and Blue Network Planning---
--City planned with extensive green (vegetation) and blue (water) networks
-- to provide quality living /working environment.
--Green network comprised of green lung at the core and eco-corridors emanating
from the lung to the other parts of city.
-- Water bodies linked to enhance ecology /provide attractive environment , recreation
-- A wastewater pond rehabilitated /transformed into a clean/beautiful lake.
4. Master Plan summed as- 1 axis-3 centres-4 districts
32. •TIANJIN SMART CITY
Planned on a network of self-contained / self-
sufficient eco-cells, eco-neighbourhoods and
eco-districts ---Developed on 22 quantitative/ 4
qualitative Key Performance Indicators
--city emerging role model of smart city
-90% trips made as green trips,
- 60% of waste recycled,
-100% barrier free access provided,
-20% energy used generated from renewable
resources,
--- 59% water supplied from recycling
-- using low energy lights,
-- making all buildings green,
--daily per capita water supply not exceeding
120 litres, -
--assured green spaces @12 sqm p per.
-----high proportion of technical manpower to
promote planning / R&D.
.
34. GREENING CITY
• Landscaping city/building
•-- makes cities/ buildings
•energy efficient.
•Vegetation
Lowers daytime temperatures
controls humidity
Reduces heat emission during
night for balance temperatures
•During precipitation --lot of free water absorbed
-- during dry periods water evaporated
•Green areas
filter air up to 80% of pollutants
Reduce noise level up to 12 db
-50-100 m thick vegetation cover
Reduces air temperature up to 3.50 c
•Greening cities through
Strategic plantation
Massive plantation
Extensive landscaping
Developing city forests.
35. difference of temperature between area under
sunlight and shade is approximately 2 degree C – 2.5 degree C.
deciduous trees preferred
-- in summers with dense foliage-- cuts sun,
while in winters, -- shed leaves /brings sun inside building.
Planting Trees– shading building facades/pavements
-- to reduce heat gain,
-- helps mitigating heat island effect.
Promoting sustainable landscaping through:
Using native species, species requiring less water
Water savings : 40-50%,
Energy savings : 20-30%
Greening Roofs, Greening Walls, Landscaped courtyards,
Creating Leisure Valley on the pattern of Chandigarh
An average tree offers a cooling effect in atmosphere
equivalent to about 5 air-conditioners
Deciduous trees provide shade from summer
sun and allow winter Sun
LANDSCAPING
37. Open Spaces--Delhi Master Plan
• Delhi larger green cover
• -- called a "Green City".
• Green / recreational use constitutes 8,722 ha- MPD
2001-- 19% of the total urban land area of 44,777 ha.
• Includes 1577 ha. under Ridge.
• Balance 7145 ha. -- District Parks, City Parks, Yamuna
Community Parks etc.-- 15% of urban land area.
• Large green area provided as:
• - Neighbourhood Parks
• -- Tot lots in residential pockets
• --as plantations / greens in large campuses including
• -- President's Estate,
• -- JNU, Delhi University,
• -- plantations along drains / roadside plantations.
45. • Manmade water feature
• Conceived by Le Corbusier,
• As a gift to city for;
• modulating micro- climate
• Recharging Ground Water
• providing dramatic vistas of Capitol and Mountains.
• 3-km long 14m high earthen dam created.
• No vehicular movement permitted
• Planned as Pedestrian Paradise
• WHERE PEACE and TRANQUALITY ALWAYS PREVAILS
70. Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban
Transformation (AMRUT)
• Major components:
• Capacity building
• Reform implementation
• Water supply and management of sewerage and septage
• Drainage of stormwater
• Improvement in urban transport facilities
• Development of green spaces and parks.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
• Objectives;
• Ensure supply of water, sewage connection in every household.
• Develop green / well maintained open spaces / parks to increase
amenity value of the cities.
• Reduce pollution-- by switching to public transport/ non-motorized transport-
- walking cycling.
• Mission covers around 500 cities
• -- having population of over one lakh
• --with notified municipalities.
72. Green Spaces in Urban Context
• Green spaces fulfill many functions in urban context;
• Benefits people’s quality of life.
• Protecting /maintaining the biodiversity
• Helps reduction of energy costs of cooling buildings
• Increase property value.
• Provide Social/ psychological benefits.
• Provide resources for relaxation/ recreation.
• Green spaces need uniform distribution throughout city
• Green spaces should accommodate city population
• Cities responsible for consumption of world’s resources and
• Home to large world’s citizens
• Bringing green space to urban landscape
• -- promote/inspire a better relationship with
• -- environment / supporting important services.
• Green spaces represent natural habitats / ecosystems.
• Need for Promoting /conservation of green space
• -- in cities
• -- with local / regional authorities.
73. Context of Green Spaces
•Infrastructure-- Urban green spaces should be seen as;
-- an essential part of urban infrastructure
– not an add-on/ ‘nice to have’/ - or a luxury •
• Valuation-Better tools needed for valuing parks
• - for services they render.
• Benefits--urban green spaces provide numerous benefits
-- --- which remain poorly understood/ poorly evidenced;
-- work needed to develop base to underpin valuation
. • Challenges--challenges to provision of urban green spaces include:
---understanding their use;
--- budget constraints;
--- lack of appropriate cost-benefit analysis.
--- High population density,
-- new pressures/ demands on green space/ climate change
Urban green spaces -- play a role in mitigation /adaptation
- Adverse urban conditions/climate change
74. Strategies for Open Spaces
• Open spaces ;
-- provided as integral part of city planning process
• Hierarchy of open spaces must be defined
• Open area norms for all levels must be defined
• Open areas must be distributed all over city.
• Concentration of open spaces avoided
• All low lying areas/areas of natural/manmade beauty --
earmarked as open spaces/parks/recreation
• Encroachment-- removed and area developed
• People-- involved in planning, designing, development and
maintenance of open spaces
• Corporate sector-- actively involved in developing /
maintenance
• City-- must prepare an inventory of open spaces / ensure
not encroached.
• Promoting Green Spaces--Organising competitions-- for best
gardens at residential/ institutional level etc
• Organising dedicated festivals- like Rose Festival etc
75. Strategies for Open Spaces
• Amending Bye-laws--All private colonies developed-- to provide
minimum 10% area under open spaces -- developed and
maintained by them
• All Group Housing-to provide minimum 25% area under open
space
• City-- provide open spaces /person @ 9-12 sqm/per capita
• Open spaces-- abutting /backing on houses avoided being
misuse/encroachment
• Open spaces-- planned to face majority of houses for
optimization / preventing them from encroachment
• Promoting planned development -- best option to create open
spaces
• All industries /polluting -- mandated to create green belts
• All existing trees/ natural areas -- to be preserved
• Tree Preservation law-- to be enacted
• Master Plans/ Development Plans-- to provide detailed plans for
open spaces
• Industrial /Residential area --segregated with green belt
• All derelict land-- planned/developed as green
belt/afforestation
76. Strategies for Open Spaces
• All water bodies -- planned / developed as green/recreational
areas
• City forests -- promoted to develop green cover
• Native plants -- used for plantation
• Xeri-scape-- used for landscaping to minimize water
requirement.
• Land under H T lines --- reserved as open spaces,
• planned/developed as open spaces with shorter variety of
trees.
• Parking areas -- planned / planted with trees-- to minimize heat
island effect
• Involving institutions / campuses-- having large area for tree
plantation/landscaping
• Making environment/ ecology-- integral part of education/study
curricula
• Creating awareness --about role /importance of green spaces at
individual/community level