URBAN LANDSCAPING.pdf

 URBAN LANDSCAPE OVERVIEW
 PUBLIC AND PRIVATE LANDSCAPES
 RESIDENTIAL LANDSCAPES
 STREET AND ROAD LANDSCAPE
 WATER FRONT DEVELOPMENT
 INDUSTRIAL LANDSCAPES
 TREES FOR LANDSCAPES

Landscape planning is that branch of planning which aims at designing human
settlements of all sizes keeping in mind the natural resources such as vegetation,
water, air, minerals etc.
• It aims at making development ecologically sensitive which in turn makes it
sustainable.
There is a wide variety in the scale at which landscape planning can be carried out.
• UNDERSTANDING URBAN LANDSCAPES AND PRINCIPLES OF URBAN LANDSCAPES
• CREATING SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPES
• EG…. SINGAPORE , CHINAS GREEN CORRIDORS , TRANSFORMING A FORMER WASTELAND IN AN ECOCITY IN
CHINA., TRANSFORMATION OF POWAI ,
DEFINITION
• Landscaping aims at investing in nature for the benefit of humans

• In built-up areas, designers take care to provide
an even distribution of gardens, parks, and
other large green areas.
• These are, in turn, connected by boulevards,
esplanades, and green belts. All these elements,
along with suburban forests and water bodies
form a single unified system.
• Existing greenery is preserved as best as
possible.
LANDSCAPING IS CARRIED OUT ACCORDING TO SCIENTIFICALLY BASED PRINCIPLES AND STANDARDS.
An important task is to create an
organic relationship between the
greenery and the natural and
artificial bodies of water, the terrain,
and the architecture.

BUILT AREAS ARE A THREAT TO THE INDEGENOUS FLORA AND FAUNA

Urban landscapes are much more than
pretty plants, charming parks and green
roofs.
They also are the streets, sidewalks,
alleys and parking lots that shape a city’s
look, its functionality and culture.
ADVANTAGES OF LANDSCAPING IN
POPULATED AREAS
• helps to improve the microclimate and
sanitary conditions
• reduces wind velocity,
• limits the spread of dust and aerosols,
• reduces the concentration of smoke
and harmful gases in the air, and
• muffles urban noise.
• creates a natural landscape
• opportunities for mass recreation in a
natural surrounding
URBAN LANDSCAPES: BENEFITS OF URBAN LANDSCAPE / ARCHITECTURE

The nature of the landscaping done is determined by
factors :
• Geographic Location,
• Local Climatic Conditions --
(Precipitation, Temperature,Wind Velocity and
direction, Sunlight / sun exposure ),
• The Natural Terrain / Topography
(Existing Forest Areas, Topography, Soil, Location
of Water Bodies).
• Soil conditions,
• Utility placements
• Fences, property borders and other structures
• Trees and turf grasses
• Maintenance costs
• Water drainage and irrigation
• The size, economic specialization
and layout of a city or
settlement also determine the nature of
landscaping.
GOOD PLANNING IS CRUCIAL IN URBAN LANDSCAPING
DETERMINING FACTORS FOR LANDSCAPING

• AREAS BETWEEN AND FORMED BY
GROUPS OF HOUSES,
• INDIVIDUAL GARDENS
• MICRO-REGIONS [NEIGHBOURHOOD
UNITS
• SCHOOLS /INSTITUTIONS.
• PARKS OF CULTURE AND
RECREATION,
• CHILDREN’S PARKS,
• SPORTS PARKS,
• OTHER SPECIALIZED PARKS,
• SQUARES AND BOULEVARDS.
• INDUSTRIAL ESTATES / GROUNDS
• UTILITY FACILITIES
• WAREHOUSE ENTERPRISES
• TRANSPORTATION RIGHTS-OF-WAY,
• PRESERVES, AND
• WATER CONSERVATION AREAS.
WHAT IS LANDSCAPED ? AT CITY LEVEL

EXAMPLES : RUSSIA .
The actual form of urban landscaping
depends on the nature of the city and
its terrain:
• Moscow, Sverdlovsk, Washington,
Copenhagen, and Oslo. ------
densely populated cities frequently
have forest park wedges that link
the center of the city with the
countryside.
• Baku and Odessa -------- coastal
cities , have a broad belt of seaside
parks and esplanades.
• Kiev and Budapest--------- Riverside
cities , have a strip of parks located
along the river.
• Karaganda, Navoi, Omsk, and
Shevchenko---Semi-desert , have a
buffer zone to protect them from
winds.
FUNCTION OF LANDSCAPES IN CITIES :
EXAMPLE USSR,
• CITIES IN SOUTHERN REGION :
to provide shade and to protect the
streets, squares, residential courtyards
and buildings from overheating.
• CITIES IN NORTHERN REGIONS:
to protect the population centres from
cold winds , snowdrifts.
• CITIES, INDUSTRIAL CENTERS:
to provide aeration.
• RESORT TOWNS: Abundance of parks
, Landscaped esplanades -- needed to
accommodate the large number of
vacationers.

• Urban landscapes create, restore and preserve urban parks,
recreational areas, business parks, nature centres, and other green areas.
• improves urban spaces and the quality of life of the people living and
working in those spaces.
• It promotes sustainability and helps create healthier, more beautiful and
more liveable neighbourhoods.
• It fights pollutants and encourages city dwellers to spend time outside, which
is better for their health and for the community
Sustainable landscapes are responsive to the
environment, regenerative, and healthy for communities
…………………………………….. by sequestering carbon, cleaning the air,
recycling water, moderating extreme temperatures, increasing energy
efficiency, restoring habitats, and creating value through significant economic,
social, and environmental benefits.
SUSTAINABLE URBAN LANDSCAPES.

THE MOST IMPORTANT BENEFITS OF URBAN LANDSCAPES
1. ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS
cleans the air, water, & soil.
• Plants consume CO2
• release O2 into atmosphere.
• shield from extreme heat & cold,
• provide us with shade
• reduce noise pollution.
• promote sustainability by providing
shade that reduces need for air
conditioning and fossil fuel
consumption.
• fight air pollution by “catching” &
reducing airborne particles - dust,
smoke, pollen, soot and liquid droplets,
and gasses -- carbon dioxide, carbon
monoxide, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen
oxides.
• Some of these particulates are inhalable and can pass
into the lungs and bloodstream, causing a variety of
health problems.
A 2016 study by The Nature Conservancy
reported that trees can cut particulate
pollution between 7 percent an 24 percent.
“Trees can remove as much as a quarter of the
particulate matter pollution within a few hundred yards,
and when planted in the right places, can offer a very
effective barrier, filtering bad air and protecting local
residents,” according to the report.

2. CLIMATE CHANGE
urban landscapes can significantly and
positively impact the environment.
• Planting trees in cities helps reduce
the levels of fossil fuels, distribute
energy, and improve air and rain
quality, surface temperature. These
benefits prove just how important it
is. This simple step will promote a
huge positive step for our planet’s
future.
According to The American Society of
Landscape Architects ----
Urban landscaping can
mitigate climate change by
employing strategies that
would reduce greenhouse gas
emissions between 50% and 85%
by 2050 and limit temperature
rise by 2 degrees C.
A climate temperature rise of only 2 degrees Celsius
can produce substantial negative consequences for
our planet. According to a study conducted by NASA,
………………..a 2 degrees increase in temperature
would:
• Wipe-out the chances of tropical reef recovery
• Melt ice sheets and rise sea levels to a point that
could wipe Florida off the map
• Limit the agricultural food supply by inhibiting the
production of the actual food in crops such as corn
• Limit fresh water supplies

3. SOCIAL INTEGRATION
Urban landscapes create
dynamic and inviting public
spaces that attract people and
encourage them to engage in
meaningful social interaction
• Hi-tech gizmos keep urban
dwellers inside, on the couch,
in bed, hooked on social
media, playing video games,
passively watching others do
things.
• The more time is spent with
technology, the less time is
spent connecting with others
face to face, nurturing
relationships with neighbours
and getting involved in the
community.

4. PHYSICAL AND MENTAL HEALTH
Green spaces encourage and increase
physical activity
• Having access to quality urban
green spaces and spending time
outside—exercising, playing,
socializing, enjoying nature,
relaxing—is healthy for the body
and mind.
• Green spaces provide numerous
health benefits relevant to
cardiovascular disease, diabetes,
hypercholesterolemia,
osteoporosis, mood disorders,
psychological issues and overall
health.
• In addition, urban landscapes
improve health through its effects
on pollution and temperature.
Research confirms that urban landscapes enhance
the health and quality of life of city dwellers.

5. FOOD SECURITY
sustainability and food self-
sufficiency
• From urban landscape architecture
to urban landscape agriculture
provides sustainability and food
self-sufficiency.
• Food grown close to home through
small-scale urban farming has a
smaller carbon footprint than food
grown in other states or countries
that must be transported
thousands of miles. Not to
mention, it’s organic, free of
pesticides, preservatives, and
questionable GMOs.
• Food also brings people together in
a community and promotes
physical activity, positively
affecting the health .
https://www.alvarezdiazvillalon.com/urban-landscapes-saving-planet-5-
benefits-urban-landscape-architecture/
Urban landscaping proves that people need not
venture far into a forest to hug a tree and
commute with nature. But can contribute in
protecting the environment and living in harmony
with natural resources right in the cities.

PUBLIC VS PRIVATE
GARDENS
concept

CHOOSING ………..HOUSING
………………. DEPENDS ON
AMONG OTHER THINGS ……
------- landscaped areas and garden
accessibility.
The private domestic garden and a
green dwelling environment are such
important aspects of people’s housing
preferences.

• A garden is an outdoor planned
space, that is set aside for cultivation
of plants and flowers.
• The main reason for setting up a garden
could either be for consumption or
beauty.
• Gardens are either made of artificial or
natural materials or both.
• Gardening is an activity that involves
planting and maintaining the flowers
and plants within a given space.
• Gardens can be endowed with additional
features such as ponds, fountains,
artificial and natural waterfalls or
even creeks.
• A large-scale garden that is used for food
production is referred to as a farm.

• There are close to 100 different types
of gardens in the world today. The
common ones include backyard garden,
flower garden, landscape garden,
greenhouse garden and
sacred/therapeutic gardens.
• Gardens are important to the
environment as they assist in
preventing climate change in
different ways.
• One of the major ways involve the
use of carbon from the air.
Increased carbon in the air results
in air pollution which causes
global warming.
• Gardens through their composition of
plants and trees assist in
maintaining the environment. • A gardener is an individual who takes up the
gardening role.

is an institution that maintains
collections of plants for the
purposes of public education and enjoyment, +
to research / conserve and for
higher learning.
It must be open to the public
and the garden's resources and
accommodations must be made
available to all visitors.
Public gardens are……….. staffed by
professionals trained in their given
areas of expertise and maintain
active plant records systems.
PUBLIC GARDEN

What is a Park?
A park is a natural, artificial or semi-
natural public area set aside for
ornamental or recreational purposes.
Some larger parks are used for
conservation of wildlife and
indigenous plants.
Parks may consist of grassy regions,
landscapes, rocky areas, trees,
buildings, recreational centres,
sports facilities, swimming pools,
soccer pitches, dog designated areas
and kids play arenas. There can
also monuments and fountains
within parks.
NOT SECURE http://www.differencebetween.net/science/nature/difference-
between-garden-and-park/

DIFFERENCES :
1. TYPE
2. USE
3. SCALE /
4. SIZE
5. CONTROL
6. CONSTITUENTS / COMPONENTS
SIMILARITIES BETWEEN A
GARDEN AND A PARK
1. Both parks and gardens have
plants and flowers.
2. Both parks and gardens are often
used for ornamental purposes.
3. Both require maintenance and
proper planning to meet their
purpose.
THE use and property ownership ALSO DECIDES WHETHER
A GARDEN IS PUBLIC OR PRIVATE.
Although some of the affordances and meanings are shared by the private garden and public green
space, for instance being outside, it is the combination of affordances and meanings that makes
them more or less unique to one of the two settings.
Due to the different uses and dimensions of the spaces, we can observe the differences that arise
and their impact on the designs.
DIFFERENCES AND SIMILARITIES

The domestic garden…. is significant
for its combination of AFFORDANCES
and MEANINGS such as being
outside, privacy, freedom and
gardening.
Public green space is significant for its positive
contribution to the liveability of the dwelling
environment and to the experience of nature.
The private domestic garden is that it is
considered as an outside extension of
the casual leisure that is afforded by
the dwelling / PLOT.
PRIVATE GARDEN PUBLIC GARDEN
While a public garden belongs to the Administration
and is accessible to all, with a series of regulated
benefits.
A private garden will have exclusive use
for its owners,
These gardens are hectic, so resistant materials
and plants must be chosen to minimize care
and remain in good condition in the long term.
The space , the personnel , the material cost
and maintainance cost and labour that is
needed is huge for it.
They act as an urban lung and regulate the air,
reducing environmental pollution, dampen
noise, house trees, shrubs, water sheets, etc
conserve local flora and fauna
The design is usually directed by landscapers,
professionals who specialize in creating parks
and gardens
Unlike with public gardens, there is
more freedom when designing
There will be limitations in terms of
space, climate, and geography that
must be considered
They are generally smaller spaces and
are attached to the house

• A public garden is as necessary as the sewers or the lighting of a city because it
improves the people who live in it. Cities evolve and grow at great speed,
making the surrounding natural landscape disappear. To compensate for this,
green areas are created that fulfil the many functions: viz. recreation/ beauty …
WHY ????????
PUBLIC GARDENS

1. Ornamental gardens : It is
essential that at the urban
design level, there are green
areas that offer spaces to
reduce the stress of the city,
places of rest in the open air
in contact with nature, spaces
for contemplation, and that
provide beauty.

PUBLIC GARDENS : broad categories 1) ornamental 2) recreational 3) bioclimatic
2. Recreational gardens
and parks are
multifunctional spaces to
exercise, play, and spend
a pleasant time away
from the city’s noise.

3. BIOCLIMATIC AND COMMUNITY GARDENS
• Gardens where bioclimatic
techniques are followed and
promoted .
• A community garden is a single
piece of land gardened
collectively by a group of
people.
• Community gardens utilize either
individual or shared plots on
private or public land while
producing fruit, vegetables,
and/or plants grown for their
attractive appearance.
• Around the world, community
gardens can fulfill a variety of
purposes such as aesthetic and
community improvement,
physical or mental well-being, or
land conservation.

DESIGN FOR SAFETY
• Parks need to feel safe for people
to use them. Research shows that
perception of safety can be more
significant in influencing human
behavior than actual crime
statistics. If citizens perceive a
park as unsafe, they might not
make use of it at all.
• Number of features that contribute
to whether or not a park feels safe.
Elements in the physical design of
a park, such as
1. an open and welcoming entry,
2. good visibility (sight lines), and
3. appropriate lighting and
4. signage can all make a
difference.
5. Regular park maintenance,
6. as well as programming and
community involvement.
DELHI GARDEN OF 5 SENSES

• A study done in four cities; USA
…3815 participants said
.......in addition to safety
• that park facilities also played a
significant role in park utilization and
that increasing facilities instead
of creating an image of a safe
park would increase utilization
of the park.
Delhi's Garden of Five Senses

REANIMATING THE PUBLIC SPACE THROUGH SUSTAINABLE DESIGN
BOSTON PUBLIC GARDEN, IS A LARGE PARK IN THE
HEART OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS
• Boston's Back Bay, including the land
the garden sits on, was mudflats until
filling began in the early 1800s.
• Created ….1837

CASE STUDY : HALIFAX PUBLIC GARDEN , CANADA

CENTRAL PARK ,NY, USA
an urban park
• fifth-largest park in the city
by area, covering 843 acres
(341 ha).
• Most visited urban park
USA, with an estimated 42
million visitors annually as
of 2016,
• Most filmed location in the
world.
Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux were the
primary designer . CREATED : 1856-1876
• Central Park was difficult to
construct because of the
generally rocky and swampy
landscape.
• Five million cubic feet (140,000 m3) of soil and rocks had to be transported out of the park,
• gunpowder was used to clear the area more than was used at the Battle of Gettysburg during
the American Civil War.
• More than 18,500 cubic yards (14,100 m3) of topsoil were transported from Long Island and New
Jersey, because original soil wasn’t fertile/ substantial to sustain the flora specified in the Plan

CENTRAL
PARK,
MANHATTAN,
NEW YORK
CITY

ROAD LANDSCAPING IS------------
A BRANCH OF LANDSCAPE PLANNING WHICH AIMS AT ALIGNING ROADS IN A VISUALLY AESTHETIC MANNER.
• It forms an integral
part of landscape
planning from
urban design
viewpoint.
• It aims at making
cities and towns
more comfortable
places to live in,
aesthetically and
visually more
pleasant-looking.
Since ROADS are channels of movement
it is desirable to make the experience on them comfortable
and pleasant. Road landscaping can play a very important
role in this. A road should be landscaped suitably with respect
to the hierarchy of the road.
Roads also have recreational and tourism importance.
HISTORY :
• The planting of roadside trees started during the time of Emperor Asoka.
• The Mughals also planted roadside with mixture of trees as Pipal, Banyan.

Characteristics and features of Road Landscaping
Additionally it serves following
purposes:
• Roadside plantation acts as noise
buffers.
• Trees have a cooling effect in hot
climates.
• Plantation on the median help in
decreasing glare from the
oncoming direction which
decreases chances of accidents.
• When different kinds of trees are
planted on different roads, they
help in giving the roads an
identity which helps people find
their bearings.
• Roadside plantation provides
shade for pedestrians.

OBJECTIVES AND CONSIDERATION WHILE PERFORMING ROAD LANDSCAPING
• The landscape elements --- to complement existing landscape and built
structure. harmonious with existing ones. be in context with the
surroundings
• Landscaping should not be jarring. It should give the road users pleasant
views.
• On highways, row plantation and trees in clusters can be used.
• Breaks in between the clumps provide road users with views of the
surrounding landscapes.
• Without changing the width of the carriage way, the right of way can be
changed by modifying the footpaths and medians.
• Landscaping should provide ------adequate variety and contrast.
• Fencing should not be monotonous.
• The carriageway can be modulated.
• Intersections are important visual nodes--- Selective cutting of trees should
take place to create views.
• Harmony should not lead to monotony due to repetition of landscape
elements.
• The height, spread and bulk of the trees should be in proportion with the
width of the road and height of abutting buildings.

• Adequate street lighting for illumination in the dark.
• Street lights of correct height --- be used at suitable intervals.
• squares and plazas, taller street lights are used as they light up a larger area.
• Plantation should not obscure street lighting, as is seen in some parts of Lutyen’s Delhi in
India
• Road landscaping should be such that approaching intersections are seen well in time.
• Landscaping should be readable and not chaotic ------Signage should be adequately large
and should not be placed unnecessarily.
• Conflict between pedestrian movement and vehicular movement can be decreased by road
landscaping.
• On the same carriageway, by changing the material for cycle tracks and pedestrian paths,
confusion can be decreased and unnecessary use of bollards and railings can be avoided.
• Intersections can be modified for the same purpose.
Objective : THE
SAFETY POINT
ROAD LANDSCAPING SHOULD ENHANCE ROAD SAFETY.

• Regional ecology provides opportunities and constraints for road
landscaping. Road landscaping should aim at maintaining soil stability
and decreasing soil erosion.
• Road plantation should take care of orientation. Trees planted on the
southern side should be tall with dense foliage to block sun radiation.
• There should be greater variety in the trees planted along pedestrian
paths as they are viewed at a closer distance at much slower speeds.
• On highways, variation in planting types can be brought about after a
few kilometers as trees are viewed in bulk, and not individually.
• Landscaping along roads is a way to blend the concrete roadway into the
surroundings as well as a way to manage environmental qualities of the
road.
• Growing plants near roads slows, absorbs, and cleans water runoff. Thus,
plants along roadsides reduce soil erosion, control flooding, and result in
cleaner water supplies.
• Plants for roadside landscaping also act as snow fences, keeping the
snow from drifting into traffic
• The planting should also have economic value.
THE ENVIRONMENTAL, ECOLOGY & URBAN DESIGN VIEWPOINT

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/garden-how-to/design/lideas/planting-along-roadsides.htm
THE TREE PALETTE
OF A CITY
(GUIDELINES )

• Highway design must satisfy the
requirements of aesthetic
considerations along with utility and
safety.
• Highway design should harmonize
with the natural topography.
• Existing trees and lesser vegetation
should be conserved.
• Safety considerations dictate roadside
development that will not be
monotonous but also will not disturb
the attention of drivers.
HIGHWAY LANDSCAPE DESIGN

PURPOSE OF ROADSIDE TREES
1. In wide roads of 30 meters or more,
double rows of trees should be planted
with an in between space of 10-12
meters.
2. The inner row may be of flowering trees.
3. The choice of trees for a particular locality
depends on soil, sub-soil, water, climate
including rainfall, etc.
4. Mixed plantation, which consists of
planting different varieties of trees in a
mixed avenue as against the planting of
or single species can be adopted.
5. enhance the aesthetic view for a longer
time of the year.
6. Sometimes group planting can also be
adopted.
7. A group of 3-4 trees or more are planted
at specified intervals instead of planting
in avenues.
8. trees should be planted 12 meters apart
in the row and atleast 5-6 meters away
from the edge of the road

• An avenue, alameda, or
allée, is traditionally a
straight path or road with
a line of trees or large
shrubs running along each
side, which is used, as its
Latin source venire ("to
come") indicates, to
emphasize the "coming
to," or arrival at a
landscape or
architectural feature.
• Mostly trees planted in an
avenue will be all of the
same species or cultivar,
so as to give uniform
appearance along the
full length of the avenue.
AVENUE BOULEVARDE
is a type of large road,
circumnavigating the
central city following
the line of old or former
city walls.
PARK AVENUE MANHATTAN
JANPATH , NEW DELHI
CHENNAI

ESPLANADE PROMENADE
WAN CHAI,
CHINA
1.a place for strolling. 2 :
a leisurely walk or ride
especially in a public
place for pleasure or
display.
• : a level open stretch of
paved or grassy
ground especially : one
designed for walking
or driving along a
shore.
SINGAPORE
SANTA
MONICA

WATER FRONT
DEVELOPMENT
TOWNSVILLE AUSTRALIA AND SABARMATI RIVER
FRONT DEVELOPMENT

– And The Potential For Living, Working, And Recreating
Waterfronts.
• People on the boat will
want to go somewhere on
land and people on land
will want to connect with
the water -- this edge
between the water and
land is the waterfront,
which is often filled with
marinas, ecological
reserves, lively public
spaces, shops, industrial
ports, and other water-
land activities
WATERFRONTS – THE EDGE BETWEEN WATER AND LAND

• Commercial: A waterfront can be a popular place for businesses of
all types and sizes. This is why we will often see a waterfront built
for commercial purposes.
• Industrial: Another solution is to design a waterfront that helps
various industries to ship their products simply and effortlessly all
over the globe.
• Residential: Of course, people build waterfronts for residential use
as well. Just imagine how cool it would be to have a place in the St
Tropez or Cannes waterfront?
• Recreational: The fourth function goes hand in hand with the
previous one. Namely, waterfront residents need a place to recreate
and a local promenade seems like an ideal solution in most cases.

• Waterfront development can include any combination of different land uses,
• Waterfront projects can be new projects or re-developments of existing
waterfronts into new places.
• Some waterfront projects focus on industrial uses, such as industrial ports,
and others focus on more recreational and tourism-oriented uses.
• It's important that a diversity of uses can occur along a waterfront, bringing
in as many interests as possible to the waterfront, but it's not necessary that
a diversity of uses occurs within each project.
For example, due to environmental, public safety and security reasons, it may not
be appropriate to locate a public park and residential neighbourhood within the
same zone as an industrial port.
• Each site has its own environmental, political, resource, climatic, and social
contexts -- there is no one solution for all.
• Expertise with an understanding of local and regional contexts, and years
of experience can help determine different options for mixes of land uses,
and the impacts they will have on their context.

• A wide variety of people & interests are involved in waterfront development
• Understanding these interests & planning for them can help in the successful
implementation of a waterfront project.
• Involving stakeholders in development projects is becoming a global norm the world
is beginning to understand the value of involving people affected by their
development in the development process.
• Understanding a broader context of the people affected and involved in waterfront
development can speed up the approval process, can create mutual benefits,
and can prevent future conflicts

https://www.waterfrontsnl.com/about-waterfronts-nl/what-is-waterfront-development-/
• Waterfronts are highly versatile in
nature, which means they can fulfil
many different purposes.
waterfronts are
actually complex
and demand a fair
share of planning
and strategic
thinking.

• There are many important reasons to
develop new, and re-develop existing,
waterfronts.
• Waterfronts are places to live, places to
work, and places we enjoy recreating.
•People all over the world have been
living with water for millennia, as a
source of food, transportation, and
harmony.
In recent years, managing
water has become a major political and
social topic because of climatic events
that have caught a lot of media
attention.
People have been questioning
whether waterfront property should be
promoted as a place to live, or whether
giant walls should be built to protect
people from advancing water levels
anticipated by climate change experts.
GANGA
RIVERFRONT
DEVELOPMENT
SABARMATI
RIVERFRONT
DEVELOPMENT

THE 7 STAGE WATER FRONT DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

TUNGA
RIVERFRONT
DEVELOPMENT
SHIMOGA

• A place to live, work, and enjoy leisure time activities
• A contribution to urban development
• A big economy booster in the neighborhood
• A natural and ecological restoration
• A revitalization of long-forgotten features
• Flood prevention
• Building a brand new identity of the city
• New means and routes of transport
• Riverbed restoration
• With all the benefits we stated above, it is clear why so
many cities worldwide decide to take advantage of their
water areas and build or reconstruct their waterfronts.
ADVANTAGES :

1) Auckland, New Zealand – Known as
the city of sails and the landmark for
the next America’s Cup, Auckland has
worked hard in developing its
waterfront area for many decades.
Nearly every resident owns a boat in
Auckland so that they can use the
waterfront area and can make use of
the sea. The Wynyard Quarter is a fairly
new public space development called
the Viaduct, which offers many facilities
for families and visitors. Whether you
are a solo traveller or traveling with
others, the Viaduct has something to
offer for everyone. The boats also
connect to close by Islands such as the
Wahiki Island which is very accessible
and affordable for Aucklanders to stay
in.
waterfronts around the world:

2) Venice, Italy – As a seascape
city surrounded with water,
Venice is one of the best
examples of a waterfront city
as the whole city is built on
waterways and the seascape.
The walkways are also
surrounded by seas which make
it very appealing for people
who love the water. There are
footpaths and roadways which
are also built on water. The
boats are also regular around
the harbor where you can
travel to close by places and
explore the city through the
sea. The waterfronts in Venice
offer the perfect example for
cities worldwide to utilize their
coastal setting.

3) Sydney, Australia – The Sydney Harbour is one of the most famous waterfronts areas and has
many people visiting on a regular basis. Surrounded by the Opera House, Circular Quay, and
the Botanic Gardens gives it a unique waterfront experience. You can also view the Sydney
bridge from the harbour side. There are many cafes, shops, seating, and a large pavement to
walk alongside the waterfront where you can find many global visitors on a daily basis. Sydney
also has the reputation of one of the best cities in Australia, providing many facilities for locals.
It is also one of the most multi-cultural cities in the world. The waterfront experience is one of the
most sought-after experiences in the city with residents using the space for their daily walking or
jogging activities.

4) Chicago, USA – Chicago has a great waterfront with many options for different kinds of
experiences. As with most good waterfronts, it has a boat ride that takes you around the city to
view the city’s amazing skyline with sky-high buildings. There is also an option to kayak along
the waterfront if you do not want to go on a guided boat tour. Chicago Lakefront Trail is one
trail that is popular with cyclists and walkers who use the space often for exercise and to get
some fresh air. There are many good restaurants and cafes along the waterfront where people
generally get food after doing one of the boat and city tours. It is well maintained, clean and
has a good view which fits the description of being a good and world famous waterfront area.

5) Montreal, Canada – Montreal’s
waterfront is worthy of mention as it
provides good amenities for people
to explore the city around the
waterfront. There is a double-
decker bus which takes you along
the waterfront and many different
types of waterfront cruises. If biking
is your thing, then there are bike
hires where you can explore the
waterfront area on your own and
get some exercise. Obviously,
summer months seems like the best
time to explore the waterfront area
because in winter months Canada
gets very cold (minus zero
degrees) and some amenities might
not be available.
Toronto

MARCO POLO
TOWER AND
SHIMOGA

The entire human civilization is closely related to water areas
such as the seas, rivers, and oceans because it enables simpler
transportation of people and goods. This is exactly what
makes waterfronts one of the key concepts of urban
development.

INDUSTRIAL LANDSCAPING
INDUSTRIAL FACILITIES AND NATURAL
LANDSCAPES

INDUSTRIAL landscapes
A well – landscaped industrial plant can be very attractive.
Beautification of factories and industrial townships :
To create a better environment for living, working, recreation and
circulation are the objectives of landscape planners.
These gardens are designed
1. to check pollution and Dust.
2. to cut down noise.
3. and also to beautify the area.
4. to provide ample shade and coolness
(so that the worker gets a respite under the coolness of trees
from the hostile hot interior of the factory.)

Industrial townships ( Bhilai ,
Gandhidham , Bhadravati, Noida )
consist of factory sites, various types of
public buildings, industrial buildings,
community centers and residential complexes.
The factories – broad categories ( two
groups)
1. The first group------ comprises
comparatively neat factories such as a
fruit processing plant which emit less dust
and other polluting material.
2. The second group consists of factories
such as cement, steel, fertilizer etc., which
emit a lot of dust, smoke and harmful
chemicals.
For the factories of first group a wider range
of plant material can be used.
For factories belonging to second category,
comparatively hard plants are to be
selected.
1
2
For a landscape designer, there is ample scope
to implement his aesthetic ideas in such units.

• The majority of the
industrial units are
surrounded by weeds,
debris and unkempt
areas.
• These units are the main
source of air, water,
noise and soil pollution.

• Planting is done in the industrial
gardens to arrest the drifting dust.
• Suitable plants to cut down this type
of pollution are Eucalyptus
citriodora, Ficus religiosa, Ficus
benjamina and many more……..
• Planting can be : in groups, clumps
or in multiple rows which will
enhance beauty, provide shade
and regulate the environment.
If planted with appropriate plan,
the trees bring down the
temperature in the factory premises
to a considerable extent.
• Different areas are to be improved
by providing streets, sidewalks,
sewers and sanitation, installation
of public utilities such as water,
electricity, gas and other
conveniences.
PLANTING IN INDUSTRIAL ZONES

• Between the factory and residential area, green
belts may be created by planting trees.
• Tree-lined streets, well kept parks, gardens,
playgrounds and woodlands should be
permanent features in industrial unit
• In large factory a buffer zone may be created
by afforestation between the factory and its
residential colony.
• A factory area can also be beautified with
rockeries, statues, water pools, lakes or
fountains.
• Hardy shrubs also play an important role in
beautifying factories when planted in shrubberies.
Bougainvillea can be used freely to beautify a
factory area as these colorful flowers will bring
life to drab landscape of a factory area.
Canna is another hardy and beautiful plant
suitable
for planting in beds or groups in a factory area.
• Lawns laid in vacant lands not only add beauty
but also cut down dust.
• Gardens can be laid in the factory in front of a
canteen, rest-shed, hospital administration building
and so on.

THE GREEN BELT CONCEPT
The main purpose of the green
belt policy is to protect the land
around larger urban centres from
urban sprawl, and maintain the
designated area for forestry and
agriculture as well as to provide
habitat to wildlife.

Following are the key points of the manual
which need to be followed by all industries
before establishing their units in certain
areas:
No forest land shall be converted.
No agricultural land shall be converted into
industrial area.
Any industry established nearer to a green
belt should be concealed from general sight.
Land taken for development projects should
provide space for appropriate waste water
treatment.
Treated waste water shall be used to raise
green belt.
The green belt between two adjoining
large industries shall be one km.
Space should be made available for
storage of solid wastes so that these could be
reused if required.
Lay-out of a project must conform to the
landscape of the area
Planting of trees alongside of roads is
mandatory
EIA AND
MofEF, GOVT
OF INDIA

• Brownfields are abandoned, environmentally-contaminated
industrial or commercial sites.
• People who come into frequent contact with the leftover
solvents, cleaners, and oil found on these sites often develop
major health issues.
• In addition, the chemicals found in brownfields contaminate soils
and often leak directly into underground water resources.
• Degraded parts of some major U.S. cities contain up to 1,000
brownfields per square mile.
(Source: Maryland Commission on Environmental Justice and Sustainable communities)
BROWNFIELDS

• Cleaning up these sites is not only
good for the environment, but also
helps create economically-strong,
healthy communities. The U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency
(E.P.A.)  brownfield clean-ups can
increase nearby residential property
values by 2 to 3 percent.
• Healthy buildings, schools, and
parks have taken shape on
redeveloped brownfields.
• Formerly poisonous sites can even turn
into valuable community green
space:
i. the new Olympic Park in London,
ii. Brooklyn Bridge Park in New York
City, and
iii. Toronto’s new park network are
coming in over hectares of previously
bombed-out, toxic sites. (Source:
Environmental Protection Agency)
NEW YORK BROOKLYN BRIDGE
NEW PARK AT TORONTO

1. Bioremediation involves using plants, fungi,
or soil microbes to clean up toxic
brownfields.
2. Some types of deep-rooted plants can even
be used to remove toxic metals from the
soil. One example is Thlaspi Caerulescens,
(Alpine Pennycress).
As per Cornell University researchers, a normal plant
can only store @ 100 parts per million (ppm) zinc &1
ppm cadmium. Thlaspi can store @ 30,000 ppm zinc
& 1,500 ppm cadmium in its shoots without being
negatively affected. In fact, these types of plants
thrive while restoring the brownfield to its natural
state.
(Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture)
BIOREMEDIATION DEFINITION :
Bioremediation is a process ……...where
biological organisms are used to remove or
neutralize an environmental pollutant by
metabolic process. The “biological”
organisms include microscopic organisms,
such as fungi, algae and bacteria, and the
“remediation”—treating the situation.

LANDSCAPING REQUIREMENTS FOR INDUSTRIAL & COMMERCIAL AREAS
OBJECTIVES : The objectives of this Policy are to:
1) Encourage landscaping that promotes the beautification of industrial and
commercial areas.
2) Promote water-wise principles.
3) Retain significant vegetation.
4) Ensure landscaping design does not compromise visibility or personal
security in streets and around buildings.
5) Encourage the development of landscaping themes in streets.
6) Provide guidance on the establishment of landscaping within street verges.
7) Assist in the screening of externally stored goods and materials that would
otherwise detract from the streetscape.
8) Encourage the use of landscaping buffers where significant development
such as resource
processing is located in close proximity to major tourist drives, the coast or
other sensitive landuses.
CASE STUDY : CITY OF PORTLAND
, SACRAMENTO , AND MANY MORE

NEW YORK CITY ………… INDUSTRIAL LANDSCAPE

RESEARCH PAPER : Ecotope-based Urban Post-industrial Landscape Design
Yijie LiU, Xiaoxia Pan
“ With the process of urbanization, abundant wasted idle lands in urban
region waste resource as well as destroy the ecology landscape of the city.
American and European countries take the lead in applying ecological
thought to the landscape restoration of wasted land, which have a broad
impact.”
THE FIVE ECOLOGICAL DESIGN
PATTERNS THEY STUDIED
ARE PRESENTED
HEREAFTER

FIVE ECOLOGICAL DESIGN PATTERNS OF
INDUSTRIAL WASTED LAND
Design Philosophy of Post-industrial Landscape
Industrial landscape design must focus on the return of ecological
sense.
It can let the new communicate with history as well as make it
possible for the past to gain rebirth, forming a harmonious and
whole landscape of industrial heritage.
The creation of industrial heritage site largely depends on space
integration, especially integrating the relation among heritage
site and periphery, and overall environment, restoring as well as
promoting it.

• This can make a constructive
contribution to the improvement
rather than the destruction of
environment.
• Plants that form an important
element in landscape design
aid in reducing the pollution of
the environment and
minimizing some of the effects
of heat, sound, wind, air etc.
• Plants absorb carbon dioxide
and release oxygen during
photosynthetic process and
purifying the air.
• Plants with thick foliage also
trap pollutants, which are later
on washed away by the rains.

• Some plants, such as Hydrangea, Mustard, and Hyacinth absorb toxic material
from the environment they are in.
• Plants can block, diffuse, guide or channel winds. Plants can be used to direct
wind so that the wind flushes out the polluted air.
• Plants control erosion caused due to excessive wind, rain or snow. Plants with
good branching and deep root system and also those with fibrous surface roots
help reducing the loss of fertile top soil.
• Plants reduce radiated heat thereby bringing down temperature.
• In winter, deciduous trees which shed their leaves allow lights to pass through,
thereby warm the space.

• In addition to their utility, plants have
aesthetic values too.
• Plants give pleasure.
• Form can be seen not only in the plant as
a whole but in its parts as well.
• Most plants have an inherent capacity to
stimulate visually. Their most obvious
feature is their colouring, not only the
brilliant hues of flowers, fruits and leaves,
but also the muted tones of stem and
bark.
• Green the most common colour is
psychologically the most restful. The
stimulation that plant colour provides is
enhanced by contrast and texture. Visual
effects are the plants structure and shape.
• Landscape gardens have contributed for
the development of landscape horticulture
industry.
http://ecoursesonline.iasri.res.in/mod/page/view.php?id=121692
IIM BANGALORE

• The growing of plants for the
landscape is referred to as the
nursery business
• A nursery is the place where
any young plant is grown or
maintained before permanent
planting.
• The nursery industry involves
the production and distribution
of woody and herbaceous plants
and includes ornamental
bulbous crops.
• The production of cuttings to be
grown in green houses or for
indoor use(foliage plants), as
well as the production of
bedding plants is considered a
part of floriculture which is the
contribution of landscape
garden.

Importance Of Landscape Gardening
• The landscape gardening is not only aesthetic which is meant to
beautify places but also functional and important.
• Surroundings make a significant contribution to the quality of life.
The word ‘landscape’ does not only mean attractive scenery, but
represents a rich historical record of natural features,moulded by
human activity over the centuries. It forms the context for our
everyday lives and is reflected in our literature, music and
painting.
• The art of landscape gardening will involve
considering the total environment of any new
development and then shaping it using natural
elements such as landform, trees, shrubs, and
water to form a pleasing harmony.
LANDSCAPE AS AN ART

Landscape architects are artists, scientists and
environmentalists.
They team up with : architects,
horticulturalists,
surveyors,
engineers and
conservationists
TO solve problems and
create spaces to aide people- nature connect and people –
people connect
Cities where people want to live and companies want to
do business

URBAN LANDSCAPING.pdf

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