Presentation is an attempt to aggregate various approaches to planning, designing and developing the open spaces and their context in the urban areas/ urban neighborhoods / urban communities/urban residents to make them happy, healthy, productive and sustainable
This presentation explores the paper by CY Jim on sustainable urban greening strategies for compact cities in developing and developed countries and briefly reflects on the same for the context of Nepal.
Land Readjustment (LR) is one of the methods of land development for developing or improving urban infrastructure and also enhancing utility/value of land, so a LR is not a land acquisition method, but a kind of land consolidation method, which is called “Land Replotting”.
Land readjustment is an approach that is commonly used in East Asian countries, such as Japan and the Republic of Korea. In addition, it has also been used in Germany to enable the assembly and planning of privately owned land at the peri-urban fringe, as well as the delivery of infrastructure and services on such land. Using this approach, the government pools or assembles the various privately owned land parcels in a given area and prepares a land use plan for the overall area including designating spaces for public infrastructure and services such as roads and open spaces. It then implements the plan and provides the necessary trunk infrastructure. At the end of the process, the government returns to each landowner a land parcel proportional to their original parcel but of smaller size (for instance, 50–60 percent of the original land parcel)—except that the new land parcel is of a higher value because it is now serviced urban land. The government retains selected strategic land parcels that it auctions or sells at market rates for cost recovery of its investment in infrastructure and service delivery (see Lozano-Gracia and others 2013). Land readjustment is a very useful instrument in urban regeneration projects involving private land and fragmented land ownership.
Problems-
1. Physical aspects such as buildings, roads, and land use are not proper.
2. Lack of adequate road infrastructure and social infrastructure.
3. Irregular plots, both the government and the private parties including individual owned small parcels of land exist
4. Hike in land values
5. Private ownership of small parcels of urban land sometimes interferes with the effective control of the space pattern of the city
6. Improper width of roads create traffic issues.
Urban Landscape Elements slides for Sustainable Urban Landscape Design course.
Master Sustainable Urban Design, Razak Faculty, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
Presentation tries to define the role and importance of site planning in promoting sustainability of architectural projects.f It also defines the principle/agenda based on which site planning should be carried out to make optimum use of the site.
This presentation explores the paper by CY Jim on sustainable urban greening strategies for compact cities in developing and developed countries and briefly reflects on the same for the context of Nepal.
Land Readjustment (LR) is one of the methods of land development for developing or improving urban infrastructure and also enhancing utility/value of land, so a LR is not a land acquisition method, but a kind of land consolidation method, which is called “Land Replotting”.
Land readjustment is an approach that is commonly used in East Asian countries, such as Japan and the Republic of Korea. In addition, it has also been used in Germany to enable the assembly and planning of privately owned land at the peri-urban fringe, as well as the delivery of infrastructure and services on such land. Using this approach, the government pools or assembles the various privately owned land parcels in a given area and prepares a land use plan for the overall area including designating spaces for public infrastructure and services such as roads and open spaces. It then implements the plan and provides the necessary trunk infrastructure. At the end of the process, the government returns to each landowner a land parcel proportional to their original parcel but of smaller size (for instance, 50–60 percent of the original land parcel)—except that the new land parcel is of a higher value because it is now serviced urban land. The government retains selected strategic land parcels that it auctions or sells at market rates for cost recovery of its investment in infrastructure and service delivery (see Lozano-Gracia and others 2013). Land readjustment is a very useful instrument in urban regeneration projects involving private land and fragmented land ownership.
Problems-
1. Physical aspects such as buildings, roads, and land use are not proper.
2. Lack of adequate road infrastructure and social infrastructure.
3. Irregular plots, both the government and the private parties including individual owned small parcels of land exist
4. Hike in land values
5. Private ownership of small parcels of urban land sometimes interferes with the effective control of the space pattern of the city
6. Improper width of roads create traffic issues.
Urban Landscape Elements slides for Sustainable Urban Landscape Design course.
Master Sustainable Urban Design, Razak Faculty, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
Presentation tries to define the role and importance of site planning in promoting sustainability of architectural projects.f It also defines the principle/agenda based on which site planning should be carried out to make optimum use of the site.
Introduction to Site Planning. These slides should be able to provide urban planners a simple guide to factors and issues to consider in planning a a site. These slides were prepared for urban design class for masters students in Makerere University Kampala ( Uganda)
Site Planning and Site Analysis for Architectural ProjectsJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation tries to map, detail and define the role and importance of studying, analyzing and understanding the site in the context of evolving appropriate and rational design solutions for any projects
Planning for Open Spaces to Make Cities Healthy(Revised)JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation tries to highlight the role and importance of open spaces in the context of human habitats, advantages it offers in making cities sustainable,livable, healthy and social. In addition presentation tries to define the policy framework for planning and designing these spaces..
Planning for Open Spaces to make cities HealthyJIT KUMAR GUPTA
The presentation is an attempt to showcase the role and importance of open spaces in the context of human settlements and to improve quality of air and life in built environment, communities and cities
Introduction to Site Planning. These slides should be able to provide urban planners a simple guide to factors and issues to consider in planning a a site. These slides were prepared for urban design class for masters students in Makerere University Kampala ( Uganda)
Site Planning and Site Analysis for Architectural ProjectsJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation tries to map, detail and define the role and importance of studying, analyzing and understanding the site in the context of evolving appropriate and rational design solutions for any projects
Planning for Open Spaces to Make Cities Healthy(Revised)JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation tries to highlight the role and importance of open spaces in the context of human habitats, advantages it offers in making cities sustainable,livable, healthy and social. In addition presentation tries to define the policy framework for planning and designing these spaces..
Planning for Open Spaces to make cities HealthyJIT KUMAR GUPTA
The presentation is an attempt to showcase the role and importance of open spaces in the context of human settlements and to improve quality of air and life in built environment, communities and cities
Green Spaces making cities happy, Healthy and SustainableJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation tries to brief the role and importance of green and open spaces in the context of individuals, communities, cities and environment to make them sustainable and promoter of quality of life. Open spaces despite being valuable remain difficult to provide because they remain expensive to provide and maintain. However, they remain essential for people and cities to remain happy, healthy and more productive. Presentation identifies the roadblocks and tries to define options for making the availability of open spaces a distinct realty...
Green Spaces are known for its context, role, relevance, importance, sanctity and criticality of open spaces in making residents happy and healthy; making human living more qualitative and productive and making cities great places to live and work. Accordingly providing and making accessible green spaces of appropriate quality must be made integral part of planning, designing, management and governance of human settlements to make them sustainable, liveable, qualitative, resilient and inclusive.
Presentation focuses on various aspects of buildings- how they have to be planned, designed, oriented, constructed using materials and technologies to make them Green in real sense of the term - to make them supportive and promoter of sustainability.
Here is a PPT on Eco Green Cities. The fonts will change if u have only fonts of your pc. You can download.. If you have any queries send it to guthijp.reddy@gmail.com
Buildings remain crucial for promoting sustainability because buildings remain largest consumers of energy, resources and generators of waste. This world can never ever be made livable and sustainable unless buildings are planned, designed, constructed and managed in a rational and realistic manner. Accordingly role of architects, engineers, planners, industry, builders, contractors and other stakeholders becomes important for looking critically and objectively, how buildings are planned and designed. It needs to be understood and appreciated that there cannot be any option better than designing buildings with nature , using natural elements. Built environment has to be made supportive to environment and ecology. If buildings donot make value addition to environment and bio-diversity, then no human being using such buildings shall remain happy and healthy. Buildings are meant for people, community and society to be used, and if the buildings cannot keep and fulfill that promise then the entire purpose of creating buildings is defeated. Architects and Engineers must come forward to ensure that the buildings are made supportive of nature and should invariably make value addition to nature in order to usher an era of sustainability, failing which humanity will be heading for disaster and self-destruction.
Buildings as consumers of energy, resources and generators of waste has major implications for humanity, communities, climate and resources. Context of buildings have to be understood and appreciated in terms of resources, climate and sustainability. Buildings have to be planned, designed, constructed, operated and managed in a manner that they make value to environment, ecology and bio-diversity. Buildings are always evolving, devolving, never ever static and finite. Buildings need care and dedication.A Green building makes you Happy, Healthy and More Productive
Provides highest quality of indoor environment Optimizes Resources, , Reduces Waste,
Reduces Carbon Footprints
makes building operations cost effective and energy efficient- create win-win situation for owner; occupant; user; tenant. Buildings need competent and committed professionals for designing and construction. Role of Architects and Engineers will always remain crucial and universal to achieve sustainability and SDG Goals enunciated by UNDP
Role and Relevance of Architects and architecture in SustainabilityJIT KUMAR GUPTA
This brief text on Role, Relevance and importance of Architects and profession of Architecture in making this world and human settlements more livable, climate responsive and sustainable has been prepared as commitment of the professionals and profession of Architects on this World Environment Day ; June 5th , 2024 , with the hope that profession would be understood, valued ,appreciated and empowered in the right context for enabling it play its designated role in making built environment qualitative, cost-effective, energy-efficient, eco-friendly, safe and sustainable.
Bridging gap between resources and responsibilities at Local level.JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Text refers to need, role, relevance and importance of empowering urban local bodies by bridging gap between resources available and responsibilities bestowed, for enabling ULBs to operate and function as institutions of local governance more effectively and efficiently.
Construction Industry Through Artificial Intelligence -.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Considering the role, relevance and importance of construction sector in promoting economy, generating employment and creating wealth besides providing infrastructures and amenities, there is need to make the sector more effective, efficient, productive and sustainable. Driven manually, construction sector remains in the slow lane of creating quality built environment which are cost-effective, energy efficient, least consumers of resources and generators of waste. Artificial intelligence can help and empower the construction to make it more valuable, productive and qualitative besides supportive of environment and ecology. However, construction sector must be ready to co-operate and collaborate with IT industry to look for options and opportunities to make construction sector more qualitative and productive. Majority of urban ills and climate related issues can be resolved if Artificial intelligence can be embedded as integral part of the construction industry right prom planning, designing, construction, operation and management of the built environment and infrastructures. Communities and nations will save lot of valuable non-renewable resources if the construction sector is transformed from human led to technology led by the induction of Artificial intelligence. However, Construction industry has to search the areas where Artificial intelligence can be used effectively and intelligently.
Making Urban India a Role Model of Planned Urban Growth a.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Known for productivity, promoting economy, employment and innovations cities, when properly planned, rationally developed and professionally managed, have been labelled and recognized as engines of economic growth. Prosperity and urbanisation are known to have positive co-relation with rational urbanisation, leveraging growth and development of any community, city, state and region. In majority of developing countries, where urbanisation remains unregulated, forced largely by rural push and less by urban pull, cities invariably remain in crisis, crisis of population, crisis of poverty, crisis of development and management. Cities need to be cared ,incentivized, empowered and made more productive, effective, efficient and humane.
Redefining Globalization, urbanisation and LocalisationJIT KUMAR GUPTA
If cities are to made more livable, humane and productive, it is time that intent, contents and scope of globalization must be revisited and reviewed, both critically and objectively. Globalisation would need redefinition for promoting universality and inclusiveness among people and nations to have basic amenities and quality of life for all its residents , including poorest of the poor to lead a dignified life. Failure to redefine globalization, rationalise urbanisation, restore localization empowering poor and promoting universalisation and inclusivity; will invariably lead to making SDGs merely a paper exercise. In addition, making the world, cities and communities sustainable, livable, safe and inclusive, would remain merely a dream and a mirage, for future generations and communities, making planet earth as their preferred place of residence.
Knowing, Understanding and Planning Cities- Role and Relevance Physical Plan...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Cities are known for its complexities and operational inefficiencies. cities remain dynamic ,ever evolving, ever devolving, never static and never finite.
All cities remain different, distinct, unique and universal. No two cities are similar. Each city has its own strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Accordingly, problem faced by any city cannot be viewed, dissected, analyzed and enumerated, while sitting within the four walls of the air-conditioned rooms and by the so called intellectual sitting in the so called offices determining the future of cities and towns. Neither the cities can be made more rational by limited knowledge agencies providing consultancy to cities , states and nations.
For realistically and rationally understanding, analyzing the cities and having simple, cost-effective and quality solutions to the problems and challenges faced , Cities have to be walked through and concerns of the various communities have to be properly understood and appreciated.
Prime reason for inability and lack of capacity on the part of majority of physical planners, engaged in the art and science of planning, designing and developing the cities, to address the issues and challenges faced by cities , realistically and rationally, has genesis in the lack of understanding of the origin, growth and development of cities.
Lack of capacity in majority of town planners, has roots in the quality of education imparted and seriousness and commitment on the part of both teachers and taught involved. As it stands today, majority of institutions involved in imparting education in planning are being run on an ad-hoc manner and by proxy. Only few institutions have regular teachers and regular students. Majority of planning institutions are being run on proxy with proxy students and proxy teachers. Education system including curricula used for teaching, needs, review, revision and redefinition to make it more relevant to rational for addressing the issues and challenges faced by the cities and towns.
Land as a Resource for urban finanace- 24-1-23.pptJIT KUMAR GUPTA
PPt tries to brief Land, as a gift of nature, is being grossly misused, abused , manipulated Land is globally used for providing platform for all human driven activities, based on living, working, culture of body/ mind and travel.
Limited availability, coupled with large number of human beings trying to source land, has invariably created large demand for land resource for human consumption. Land, in urban context, is required for meeting the specific needs of urban dwellers for residential, commercial, institutional, recreational, travel& traffic purposes besides providing space for infrastructures , amenities, services, trade and commerce etc. Land in urban context remains under large demand and command high price due to concentration of large population in small physical area, with stakeholders making competing claims.Rapid and uncontrolled growth in population experienced by urban areas has adversely impacted and generated considerable pressure on land resource in cities and towns , leading to large scale conversion, sub-division and illegal occupation of urban land. Unregulated and regulated pressure on land has largely been met by means of both formal/informal sub-division and development of land. Growth of the urban settlements and entire mechanism of urban planning and development remains land based/ land focused. In order to make optimum use of land resource on 24x7x365; making city planning, growth, development and management ,both rational. realistic, orderly and promoter of quality living, it will be critical and essential, that all ULBs are made to focus on eliminating culture and practices promoting un-authorized/ illegal sub-division of land for ushering an environment and era of planned urban development in the cities. Land needs to be effectively leveraged to generate resources for ULBs to make cities vibrant.
COST-EFFETIVE and Energy Efficient BUILDINGS ptxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Built environment is known for its capacity, capability, role, relevance and importance to change the quality of life of the occupants and communities. Presentation focuses on options which need to be leveraged to make buildings sustainable, cost-effective, energy efficient, resource efficient, qualitative over its entire life-cycle through designing, construction, operation. It calls for making buildings green and sustainable.
Making Buildings cost-effective , Energy Efficient ptxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation focuses on options which need to be leveraged to make buildings sustainable, cost-effective, energy efficient, resource efficient, qualitative over its entire life-cycle
Ppt briefs about role, relevance, importance of the rating systems applicable in India, criteria used in assessing
greeness, weightage allocated, , brief of how these rating systems are applied, parameters involved; weightage granted, levels of rating granted , incentives given by states for green rated buildings and brief of suggestions, how to make rating system more effective, efficient, objective and transparent.
The phenomenon of global warming remains more pronounced in the urban areas, for the reason cities house large concentration of people and activities in a small/compact urban space.Densely-built downtown areas tend to be warmer than suburban residential areas or rural areas.. UHI not only raises urban temperatures but also increases ozone concentrations because ozone is a greenhouse gas whose formation will accelerate with the temperature. Tokyo, an example of an urban heat island. Normal temperatures of Tokyo go up higher than those of the surrounding area. However, it needs to be understood and appreciated that climate change is not the cause of urban heat islands but it is causing more frequent and more intense heat waves which in turn amplify the urban heat island effect in cities. Major reasons for ever growing global warming and climate change can be attributed to the; Nature and natural; Human-Driven; population; Rapid Urbanisation; Irrational Urban planning; High Density; Inefficient Transportation ;Large generation/consumption of fossil fuel based Energy; Unsustainable Buildings; Polluting Industry & Manufacturing; Unsustainable Agriculture; Irrational Development; Large scale Deforestation; Lack of open spaces and individual life-choices;
Making and Unmaking of Chandigarh - A City of Two Plans2-4-24.pptJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation is a narrative of a
capital city- known for its innovative planning, designing, construction and management of a new capital . It briefs about the principles used in the planning and designing of city -by the first team of planners led by Albert Mayer and Mathew Nowicki-- followed by the second team led by Le- Corbusier, P Jenerette, Jane B Drew , Maxwell Fry. It also details about the various aspects of the city planning, planning of the sector as a neighbourhood, typologies of
various developmental controls used for regulating the construction of buildings. Innovations used for regulating the growth and development of periphery; redensification of city in case city exceeds its planned population of half a million, creating a narrative of city and periphery, innovative landscaping, defining an edict for the city to educate the future citizens of the capital city to safeguard the future growth and development besides lessons learnt from planning and designing the new cities.
Planning and Designing Green buildings-.issues, options and strategiesJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Affordability and sustainable development are considered anti-thesis across the world. Generally there exists conflict between the approach to sustainable built environment and affordable buildings. Sustainable development is considered more expensive. According to Middleton, ‘Sustainability and affordability aren’t mutually exclusive goals. It’s not about adding extra, but thinking more carefully about the design of buildings and incorporating technologies that can offset the rising costs of energy, water and other services. Affordability and sustainability are known to fit together perfectly’.
Through excellent design, buildings can be made more sustainable and affordable. Smaller the footprint of buildings, lower will be the upfront costs and embodied energy and lower shall be the running costs of buildings. Looking at the entire context of health, rising cost of amenities/services; Sustainable/Green designs are now being increasingly adopted, to make built environment more cost-effective and affordable. Considering the enormous amount of built environment to be created, India will have no option but to tread the path of sustainability and sustainable development in the built environment. Sustainable built environment would also help in and go a long way in achieving the majority of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals for the reason, built environment is known to be the largest consumer of energy, avoid wasteful use of resources and minimise generation of waste. Global sustainability will be largely contingent upon how effectively and efficiently we can make our buildings sustainable and qualitative through innovative/green design solutions based on local climate and culture, valuing site planning, embedding orientation, cross ventilation, using renewable/waste materials and involving state of the art building technologies.
_Neighborhood Planning in Capital City of Chandigarh- An Appraisal (2) - Copy...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Neighborhood as an idea, concept, option and strategy has been extensively used locally and globally by the Urban Planners to plan and decentralize cities, create cities within cities, promote self-contained communities and to make cities more humane, safe and socially vibrant. Neighborhood has also been used recently to define the city in terms of travel time - making 10/15 minutes city
Accordingly, large typologies of NH ,in terms of planning and designing , with varying shapes, sizes and contents have emerged in the urban context. Americans have used superblock and French using Sector for defining the neighborhood. Despite distinct advantages, holding high degree of relevance in urban and local area planning , NH planning has not been able to deliver the envisioned objectives of safety and social vibrancy. Cities in the process have been socially, economically and physically fragmented, leading to clear division of cities into different communities with little economical and social connectivity. Variance of planning and designing norms followed at NH and sub-neighborhood levels have promoted more dichotomy and contradictions with varying quality of life inducted at local level. Differential population and infrastructures have divided the city into the categories of high/low end NH units. Fabric and morphology of cities, in large cases, has been distorted with urban settlement emerging as a distinct social map of communities graded economically and socially,on the basis of area/location . In the process, the way NH planning concept has been used, neighborhood planning has emerged as an instrument of social and economic segregation/division. In fact in number of cases, concept has been used, misused, abused in intent and content to divide the cities into distinct social and economic layers. Instead of unifying , concept has led to division of cities.
Genesis of modern application of NH can be found in the planning and designing of Chandigarh where entire city fabric of capital city was woven around Sector as the basic unit of planning, concptulasied as self-contained and self-sustaining unit at the local level. However, the way sectors have been planned, it has led to dividing the cities into different and distinct communities. Individual status in Chandigarh can be judged from his/her residence. Concept of Sector has done more damage than good to the fabric of the city. Chandigarh is likely to face considerable problem in making city socially and economically cohesive/vibrant,. Sectors in Chandigarh remain anti-thesis to the basic concept of NH planning of safety, involving walkability, vehicular movement, putting commercial space in the centre. Considering role, relevance, importance and usability , NH needs to be planned, designed with care and caution, in order to make cities socially and economically vibrant, inclusive. NH planning deserves a new definition and approach to make it relevant and rational.
Reviewing, Revising and Redefining Master Plans and Development Plans to Ma...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Looking at its efficacy and efficiency, it can be seen and observed that Master Plans/ Development Plans have done more damage than good for the planned growth and development of the cities to which they have been made applicable. These plans have been violated with impunity both by the people, communities, cities and parastatal agencies; for the betterment/welfare of which these plans were prepared. These plans have been visualized as controller of development rather than promoters of development. Instead of planned development , these plans have been usherers of the unplanned development. These plans are known to be responsible for promoting large number of slums besides making quality of life poor for majority of the urban inhabitants. Cities under Master Plans are also known to promote exclusion rather than inclusion. Master Plans/Development Plans are known to promote prosperity for few and marginalize the large proportions of the local community by making them poor. Instead of catering to urban dynamism, Master Plans/Development Plans try to freeze the city, for next two decades, to which it is made to serve. Accordingly, these plans need to be reviewed , rationalised, revised and redefined to make them better Master Plans/Development Plans
Rationalizing the Planned Growth of Urban India- paper.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Rapid and uncontrolled growth in population experienced by urban areas has adversely impacted and generated considerable pressure on land resource in cities and towns , leading to large scale conversion, sub-division and illegal occupation of urban land. Unregulated and regulated pressure on land has largely been met by means of both formal/informal sub-division and development of land. Growth of the urban settlements and entire mechanism of urban planning and development remains land based/ land focused, based on a strategy of sub-division of the land, dictated by the economic forces prevailing in the market. Irrational and ineffective public policies of urban planning and land sub-division, devoid of prevailing ground realities, have turned out to be incompatible with the demands of urban expansion, leading to large scale un-authorized and illegal sub-division of land. In the process, valuable land resources, gift of nature, has been misused, abused and mutilated in this race of uncontrolled and irrational urbanisation. In order to make optimum use of land resource; making city planning, growth, development and management ,both rational. realistic, orderly and promoter of quality living, it will be critical and essential, that all urban centres are made to focus on eliminating the culture and practices promoting un-authorized/illegal sub-division of land for ushering an environment and era of planned urban development in the country.
Suggestion and Options for integrating villages. within the framework of the...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Preparing Master Plans/Development Plans for any urban settlements, basically and essentially, involves declaring a planning area for which the said long term plans are prepared. Planning area invariably includes and involves, number of rural settlements, which comprise of the planning area besides the urban settlement. It has been observed that in majority of cases, while detailed studies and analysis are carried out of the urban settlements but villages in the study and analysis remain marginalized, diluted and muted. Despite the fact, villages have critical role in the rational development of the urban settlement, but in preparing Master Plans their role and relevance is not made part of the said plan. Accordingly, this text tries to bring out the typologies of villages falling in the planning area and the suggested framework to develop these villages in making Master Plans, better Master Plan. In order to improve Master Plan qualitatively, quantitively, both in intent, contents and scope, It will be appropriate that all the villages falling in the planning area must be studied , analyzed and made integral part of the final outcome of the proposals of Master Plan. In-fact one Chapter must be exclusively dedicated to detail out the issues faced by the Villages and options which can be leveraged to promote the rational growth of villages ,as an integral part of the long term development of the urban settlement , for which the Master Plan is being prepared. This will help not only in integrating the urban- rural settlements falling in the planning area, but would also go a long way in promoting and ensuring rational growth and development of the urban settlement, for which the Master Plan is being prepared.
Making cities Climate Responsive and SustainableJIT KUMAR GUPTA
“Decarbonization” of cities ,as an issue ,as an option and as a strategy , has been gaining currency in the parlance of; making planet earth livable and sustainable. “Decarbonization has been globally valued for keeping the global temperature below 1.5C, and achieving the agenda and goals defined in the 17 Sustainable Development Goals, defined by UN for achieving universal sustainability. Despite distinct role and relevance, criticality and importance of decarbonization of cities has neither been properly understood and appreciated nor made integral part of the architectural practice and art and science of designing and construction of buildings. Consuming one -third of global energy (33%) and generating 39% of greenhouse gas emissions buildings have been considered as the major player in the domain of climate change and global warming. Since Architects and Architecture are
actively involved in the making and unmaking of buildings, accordingly it becomes important that planners and architects must play a significant role in making
cities and buildings least consumers of energy and generators of the minimum greenhouse gas emissions. This objective can be achieved if decarbonizing cities/buildings is made a distinct reality . Issue of decarbonizing the cities/buildings assumes importance for the reason, that world’s building floorspace is likely to be become double by the year 2060, with the addition of large number of newcities/ buildings due to rapid urbanization, population growth and economic development ; required for catering to
to the needs of additional population opting for urban living.
Managing Planning and Development of Citie- 26-2-24.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Cities in India are known to be in perpetual crisis; facing numerous crises in terms of; crisis of rational growth, crisis of orderly and planned development; crisis of effective and efficient urban management; crisis of making provision of basic infrastructure and services; crisis of climate change; crisis of global warming; crisis of poverty, pollution and population and crisis of making human living and prevailing environment qualitative. These urban crises have genesis in the fact that cities in India, lack ownership, command, authority and lack of willingness to run and manage cities professionally and objectively. In majority of cases, cities in India are run by proxy. In terms of physical growth and development; large cities are marked by multiplicity of agencies claiming right/ownership of development over the urban areas, whereas smaller cities face absence of such ownership and are made to run, operate and function like orphans
Agenda, Approach and Options for Rationalising and Redefining Future Indian ...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Government of India/state policies, programs, mission and agenda must move providing basic essentials to all its citizens through an efficient, objective and transparent system of governance. For making cities livable and empowering people; right to basics/essential of human living including; Right to shelter, food, clothing universal access to healthcare, education, employment , infrastructures, amenities and mobility; should be made integral part of Indian Constitution by embedding it as Fundamental Rights/Directive Principles of state policy besides making them integral part of planning, development and management/governance process of all human settlements.
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Alert-driven Community-based Forest monitoring: A case of the Peruvian Amazon
Planning for Open Spaces to Make Cities Healthy
1. Planning for
Open Spaces
to Make Cities
Healthy
• Jit Kumar Gupta
• Ex-Director; College of Architecture IET, Bhaddal
• Jit.kumar1944@gmail.com
2. Green Spaces in Urban Context
Cities more than just buildings
• Most liveable /famous cities known for open areas
• As cities grow-- green space becomes more
important/valuable.
• Paris Climate Change Agreement-making cities sustainable
and livable-
• --Promoting larger green cover–
• planting more trees
• -- taking green cover from 24-33% by 2030
• - creating additional carbon sink of 2.5- 3 b tonnes
• AMRUT-- Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban
Transformation – Government of India--
• Increase amenity value of cities –
• --by developing greenery
• ---well maintained open spaces -- with special provision for
chlidren, senior citizens /Divyang friendly components
Challenges– Land/resources /development/ maintenance
3. Green Spaces in Urban Context
• Various frameworks call for promoting Green spaces in our cities.
• New Urban Agenda calls for;
• -- an increase in safe, inclusive, accessible, green and quality public
spaces.
• 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development pledges :
• … provide universal access to
• -- safe, inclusive and accessible,
• -- green and public spaces in particular
• --, for women
• -- children
• -- older persons-- persons with disabilities.
• --Open spaces range from ;
• --smaller green spaces-- sstreet trees /community gardens to
• Larger/ more interlinked spaces,
• -- parks / greenways.
• --Signals need to think beyond traditional urban park
• -- while considering
• --how to meet demand for green space for growing urban populations
4. Green Spaces in Urban Context
In land use planning -urban open space
defined as areas under:
-- “Parks", “
--Green spaces“.
--Play fields
-- Recreational areas
-- Natural landscape
which is-- Open to public
but Does not include
• -- areas outside city boundaries / open
space in countryside,
13. Benefits of Green Space in Cities• WHO--physical inactivity --a major public health risk in
urban areas
• people using open spaces --three times more physically
active
• Users - prefer nearby, attractive/larger parks/ open spaces
• Improving access / creating Network of parks / open
spaces results in--
-- increased physical activity
--better General health,
---reduced Stress levels,
-- reduced Crime
--- reduced Depression
-- reductions in illness / deaths
--reduce obesity
--reduced Healthcare costs.
--- Environmental benefits.
-- providing Healthy Habitats --for humans/ wildlife /
plants in densely built places
- Enhances Environmental/ Cultural /Heritage values of
area
--- Preserves Eco-systems amid Growing cities.
--Urgent need to preserve, enhance /promote existing green
spaces + create new spaces.
14.
15. Benefits- Open SpacesOpen space provides 4 kinds of benefits to citizens
• Recreation, Ecology, Aesthetic, Economic
1 Recreational Benefits
• -- active recreation --organized sports / individual
exercise-- Reprieve from urban environment.
• -- Cultural opportunities
2 Ecological Benefits --Protecting environment
• -- Conserving nature-
• - Creating ecological awareness.
• -- Promoting bio-diversity (variety of plant/ animal life-- high
level of which is considered important / desirable)
• -- Providing home to natural species --
3 Aesthetic Value
--People enjoy viewing nature
-- make neighbourhoods attractive
-- Promote positive attitudes
-- Increase walking
4 Economic-
- increase property value-- support local economies
- Attract Tourists- Attract Business Investment
16. Advantages of Green Spaces• Open spaces in urban environment provide many
advantages---
• -- preserve natural environment
• -- modulate environment
• --Improved Air Quality
• -Improved urban environment
• ---Improve Quality of life
• --Promote social contacts
• --Promote Youth development
• -- provide vital lungs to city
• ---Improve community feeling
• --- Promote Safety
• --Make Value addition to communities
• --Make value addition to city
• --Give reprieve from the complex urban environment
• --Improve ground water recharging
• --Reduce flooding
• --Reduce soil erosion
• -- Reduce Heat Island Effect
• -- Keep city Cool
17. Benefits of Green Space in Cities
Green Spaces also help in :
--- Lower Energy consumption--Creating
energy efficient cities
• - slowing down global warming.
• -- curtailing greenhouse gas emissions.
• Every tree helps in--
• --- fighting global warming
• --reducing greenhouse gases
• --cooling cities.
• - Generating 7 cylinders of oxygen
• - promoting Cooling equivalent to 5 air-conditioners
• In US, --evaluation of largest 85 cities --(population
of 57.2 million) -- health savings from parks
estimated $3.08 billion.
• Significant Environmental savings
19. Best air purifying plants for
general air cleanliness
Areca Palm Snake Plant
Best Air Purifier
Money Plant
Removes Nitrogen Oxides
& absorbs formaldehydes
Improving Indoor Air Quality through Plants – Air
Purifiers
26. Strategies for Planning Open Spaces
• Open spaces- to be provided as integral part of city planning
• -- Made Essential part of urban infrastructure - not an add-on
• --Open spaces to be valued - developing a basis of valuation
• --Hierarchy of open spaces to be defined
• -- Space Norms for all levels must be defined
• -- Open areas- to be distributed all over city.
• --Concentration of open spaces to be avoided
• - Derelict areas/ low lying areas -- be earmarked /developed as
open spaces/parks/recreation
• --Encroachment from open areas -- removed
• -- Involving people/ communities-- in planning, designing,
development and maintenance of open spaces
• -- Involving Corporate sector /institutions -- in planning,
developing /maintenance of open spaces
• --Preparing inventory of open spaces
• -- Safeguarded Open Spaces -- from encroachment.
• -- Organizing competition for best gardens at residential/
institutional level etc
• --Organizing dedicated festivals- like Rose Festival to promote
open spaces
27. Strategies for Open Spaces
• Planned development best option for promoting open spaces
• Master Plans/ Development Plans-- to provide detailed
plans/spaces for open spaces at Regional/city/sub-city/
neighborhood / cluster level- dedicated Chapter provided in the
master plan for open spaces-along with the norms and standards
for such open spaces- Landscaping Master Plan of city prepared
• Industrial /Residential area segregated with a green belt
• -Industries -- mandated to create green belts
• Private colonies-providing minimum 10% area under open spaces
– planned, developed /maintained
• Group housing --Providing 20% area under open space
• City to provide open spaces-- @ 9 sqm/per capita
• Careful positioning /Planning of open spaces
• Avoiding Open spaces abutting /backing on houses
• Planning Open spaces- to face majority of houses for optimization
/preventing encroachment
• Preserved all existing trees/ natural areas
• Tree Preservation law to be enacted
28. Strategies for Open Spaces
• Water bodies planned /developed-- green/recreational areas
• Native plants to be used for plantation
• Xeri-scape used for landscaping to minimize water
requirement.
• Perforated footpaths to be created to minimise hard surfaces
and to promote water absorption
• Parking /hard areas planned /planted with trees to minimize
heat island effect
• Involving institutions / campuses having large area for tree
plantation/landscaping
• Making environment/ ecology integral part of education/study
curricula
• Creating awareness about role /importance of green spaces at
individual/community level
• Public land available in city-- to be brought under plantation
• All urban local bodies/ development Authorities to create
dedicated horticulture wing for greening area
29. Planning for Open Spaces
• Open Spaces--Easier to plan in new development as
compared to existing settlements
• Open Spaces- expensive to develop /maintain
• Local Communities/corporate sectors – have great role in
greening cities- need active involvement
• Each city --must have a dedicated manpower to take care of
open spaces
• All natural areas/ existing trees-- must be protected
• Low lying areas - developed as open spaces
• Area under High Tension Lines- used for green spaces
• Derelict areas -developed as potential green spaces
• Mandatory provision of green belt along water bodies-
developed as green areas- to protect the water bodies
• All heritage areas protected and provided with landscaped
areas/tree belts
• Educational institutions /others --to be involved in creating
green spaces- on the land available with them
• Religious institutions also need to be roped for developing
green spaces on land available with them
• Railways/Irrigation/NHAI/PWD to be involved for Greening
cities
• All open spaces to be used as 24x7x365 days
30. Hierarchy of Open Spaces
• Each City must have well defined
hierarchy of open spaces
• 1 Regional level open space---
Specialized Open spaces- forest ,
natural greens, zoo, botanical
gardens
• 2 City level-- open spaces
• 3 Sub- City level-- open spaces
• 4 District level-- open spaces
• 5 Neighborhood level-- open
spaces
• 6 Housing Cluster -- level open
spaces
• 7. Tot Lots
32. ECO-CITY TIANJIN- Master plan..
1. Land-use Planning – compact city , mixed land uses ,Transit-Oriented
Development (TOD) .
2. Transport Planning -Green transport .-- majority trips via public/ non-motorised modes of
transport --bicycles and walking
3. Green and Blue Network Planning---
--City planned with extensive green (vegetation) and blue (water) networks
-- to provide quality living /working environment.
--Green network -- green lung at the core and eco-corridors emanating from the lung to
the other parts of city.
-- Water bodies linked to enhance ecology /provide attractive environment , recreation
-- A wastewater pond rehabilitated /transformed into a clean/beautiful lake.
4. Master Plan summed as- 1 axis-3 centres-4 districts
36. Open Spaces--Delhi Master Plan
• Green / recreational use 8,722 ha- MPD 2001
• -- 19% of the total urban land area of 44,777
ha.
• -- Includes 1577 ha. under Ridge.
• Balance 7145 ha. –along Yamuna, District
Parks, City Parks, Community Parks etc
provided as :
• - Neighbourhood Parks
• -- Tot lots in gross residential use zones
• -- plantations / greens in large campuses like
• -- President's Estate,
• -- JNU, Delhi University,
• -- plantations along drains / roadside
plantations.
• --two Biodiversity parks
39. Chandigarh Master plan- open spaces
• City Planned using three natural elements-
Sun, Space & Greenery
• 800 hectares of green open space-13%-
over 6000 Hec of Project area.
• Major open areas include ;
• -- Leisure Valley
• -- Rock Garden
• -- Special gardens
• -- Sectors/sub-sector level spaces
• - Green belt-- separating residential/
industrial area-- 500 feet
• --vertically integrated green spaces--
oriented towards mountains
• -- Institution level open spaces
• -- open spaces along choes-- Patiali ki Rao,
Sukhna Choe
40. Chandigarh Landscaping
• landscape plan based on the principles of:
• -- Catering to vehicular/ pedestrian
movement along V2 & V3.
• Landscaping within vertical green belts
made to provide unobstructed view of
Shivalik hills.
• All old existing trees retained-- to give a
feeling of ancientness.
• Trees of both exotic/indigenous variety
planted.
• Tree planted in form of squares/circles…. in
singles / clusters .
• Concept of city forest introduced --by
planting trees in large numbers in clusters --
to create beautiful effect.
• Trees –to act as buffer against dust/noise/
wind breakers.
41. CHANDIGARH PLAN --- ALBERT MAYER
• Designed for a
Population of
500,000.
• Based on a
system of low
density
• neighborhoods
defined by a
grid of slightly
curved roads.
• Two natural
valleys run
across site--
proposed to be
developed as
park strips.
56. SUKHNA LAKE-3sqm, 1958, 8-16 feet depth-- Artificial Water
Body Created as part of Chandigarh City Planning by harnessing low
area of Sukhana Choe- seasonal river defining Chandigarh boundary
Artificial Water Body Created
63. Need for Tree Preservation
• Agricultural / urban expansion
taking place
• --at expense of native ecosystems /
forests/ woodlands/ croplands/
grasslands.
• Cumulative effects
• --produced serious global
environmental/ social problems
• -- loss of biodiversity
• -- extreme poverty of people living
in more vulnerable areas
• -Need to preserve/promote Trees
64. GREENING CITY- Vegetation/landscaping
•Mechanism of appropriate landscaping at city/building levels
---make cities/ buildings energy efficient.
•Vegetation
-Lowers daytime temperatures
-- controls humidity.
--Reduces heat emission during night
--Manages water
--during rains --lot of free water absorbed
-- during dry periods--- water is evaporated
---Cleans air, reduce noise,
--filter air up to 80% of pollutants
-- Reduce noise level up to 12 db
by 50-100 m thick vegetation cover
---Reduces air temperature up to 3.50 c
•Greening cities through
--Strategic plantation
--Massive plantation
--Landscaping
--Developing city forests.
65. Importance of Trees
• Trees improve air quality/ microclimate,
• Provide Oxygen
• Removes CO2, NO2 etc
• provide water protection,
• promote wildlife habitat,
• Promote recreation
• increased carbon sequestration
• Ensure biodiversity.
• hold symbolic cultural value
• Meet energy needs of poor
• Important parts of language, history, art,
religion, medicine, politics,
• Trees combat climate change
• Trees clean air
• Trees cool streets /city
• Trees conserve energy
• A Fully grown Tree offers;
• -- a cooling effect equivalent to 5 air-conditioners
• -- Generates fresh air equivalent to 7 cylinders
66. Importance of Trees
--Trees save water
– Improve indoor air quality
---Save Energy : 20-30%
• Trees --help prevent water pollution
• Trees-- help prevent soil erosion
• Trees- shield from ultra-violet rays
• Trees-- provide food
• Trees-- heal
• Trees --mark seasons
• Trees-- create economic opportunities
• Trees-- bring diverse groups of people
together
• Trees -- provide a canopy/ habitat for
wildlife
• Trees-- provide wood---
67. Importance of Trees
• Tree-- source energy -- from renewable
source--sun.
• Waste’ generated by Tree –as fallen leaves
recycled by-
• -invertebrates,
• - fungi and
• -- bacteria in the soil-
• - to provide nutrients
• for tree and
• other organisms.
• --Shade building to keep them cool
• - Protect openings in adverse orientation-
from gaining heat
68. Chandigarh Tree Preservation Order
• Chandigarh Tree Preservation
order:- best option to
preserve/promote trees in the
urban context
–All existing trees to be preserved.
–No removal of trees allowed
without permission.
–Sanction granted in cases of
extreme hardship
–New trees to be planted in lieu of
tree removed.
–No hopping, lopping and
chopping of trees allowed
without permission
84. What makes Green Spaces valuable
• Giving a distinct Identity to open spavce
• -Theme based open spaces
• High degree of visibility
• Size of Open Spaces
• Being long term implications- need
integration with master
plans/sustainable/transportation/bio-
diversity strategies
• Understanding local community’s needs
with design responding to identified needs
• Involving communities in Planning/
development
• Adopting bottom up approach
85. What makes Green Spaces valuable
• Integrating physical development space with
social engagement.
• Making space multi- functional
• Providing amenities
• Accessibility
• Safety
• Comfort
• Active/Passive Activities
• Creating Shelter
• Providing walkways
• Providing spaces for grouping
• Space for performing
• Good management-
• - cleaning, offering food services
• -- scheduling events,.
86. What makes Green Spaces valuable
https://www.arch2o.com/tips-design-successful-public-spaces/
• 1. Keep it simple.
• 2. Make it accessible for everyone
• 3. Highlight the character of the city
• 4. Plan for people, not for vehicles
• 5. Use all your senses
• 6. Parks are more important than you
think
• 7. Trust the user experience
• 8. Choose the right materials
• 9. Engage the community
• 10. You are never finished
•
87. What makes Green Spaces Great--
https://www.pps.org/articlewe-answered
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
109. COBS
WORKINGLIVING
CIRCULATION
• The Radiant City
•An organism capable of housing the
works of man of machine-age society.
• placed under the masterful
government of natural conditions:
•Sun
•Space
•Greenery
•And its mission is the service of
mankind:
•To live
•To work
•To cultivate body and spirit
•To travel about
(in this order and obeying this
hierarchy)