This document contains an outline for a Spanish grammar book. It lists and briefly describes 12 grammar topics: present tense verbs, stem changers, irregular "yo" verbs, saber vs conocer, reflexives, "se" impersonal, diphthongs with accents, verbs like ger/gir and uir/guir, hace + time + que + present/preterite, imperfect tense, and preterite tense for different verb types. The outline provides the chapter structure and headings to explain Spanish verb conjugations and other grammar concepts.

1. Grammar BookCristina Coleman1st period

2. Table of Contents!1. Present Tense (ar/er/ir)2 Stem Changers3 Irregular ‘yo’ verbs ?4 Saber vs. Conocer5 Reflexives6 ‘Se’ impersonal7 Dipthongs with accents ?8 Verbs Like ger/gir, uir/guir, cer/cir9 Hace + time + que + presente/preterite10. Imperfecto11. Preterite (car/gar/zar, Spock, cucaracha, snake(y))

3. Presente -ar, -er, -ir-ar oasaamosáisan-eroeseemoséisenIYouHe/She/ItWeThemYou all-iroeseimosísen

4. Stem changersStem changing verbs change inside the boot.e -> ie Perder -> Pierdoe -> i Pedir -> Pidoo -> ue Dormir -> Duermou -> ue Jugar -> Juego

5. Irregulars -go, -zco, -oy-GoOigo (oir)Hago (hacer)Pongo (poner)-Zco(cer/cir)Conozco (conocer)ConducirProducir-OySerEstarDarVerSaber

6. Saber vs. ConocerSaber is used when you know facts.- Names of books, music, titles, etc.Conocer is used when you know people.- Names, families, etc.

7. reflexivesMeTeSeNosOsSe These can hook onto infinitives. “El tienequelavarse.”

8. 'se' impersonalSe + verb(in 3rd person singular) + singular direct object Ejemple: Se hablainglés en Inglaterra.Se + verb (in 3rd person plural) + plural direct objectEjemple: Se vendenzapatos en laszapaterías.

9. Ser vs. EstarSER‘ser’ refers to a permanent condition, mood, or physical characteristic. Conjugations:SoyEresEsSomosSon“Me llamo Cristina! Soy de Atlanta.”“El chicoesmuyestupido.”Estar‘estar’ refers to a temporary condition, mood, or physical appearance.Conjugations:EstoyEstásEstáEstámosEstán“Estoymuycansado.” “Lorena estáhumilde y simpatica.”

10. Dipthongs with accentsThese are in the present tense.Work on this one!!!!!

11. hace + time + que + present tense

12. verbs like -uir/-guir, -cer/-cir, -ger/giruir/guir: in present tense, verbs ending in –uir have a ‘y’ except for ‘nos’ and ‘vos’. ConstuyoConstruyesConstruyeConstruimosConstruisConstruyenGer-GirIn present tense, ‘yo’ switches from ‘g’ to ‘j’.CojoCogesCogeCogemosCogeisCogen

13. Imperfecto!Imperfecto is a form of past-tense.-AR imperfect. AbaÁbamosAbasAbaisAbaAban-ER/IR ImperfectÍaíamosÍasíasÍaÍan

14. Preterite : car/gar/zarCarQuéAsteÓAmosAsteisAronGarGuéGasteÓAmosAsteisAronZarCéAsteÓAmosAsteisAron

15. Preterite: Spock VerbsIr/SerFuiFuisteFueFuimosFueronDar/VerD/V ID/V isteD/V ioD/V imosD/V ieronHacerHiceHicisteHizoHicimosHicieron

16. Preterite: Cucaracha-é-iste-o-imos-ieron-(“I” verbs -i)Andar : anduv-Estar : estv-Poder : pud-Poder : Pus-Querer : Quis-Saber : Sup-Tener : Tuv-Venir : vin-Conducir : conduj-Producir : produj-Traducir : traduj-Decir : dij-Traer : traj-

17. Preterite: Snakes & SnakeySnakes and Snakeys are in the past tense.