2. Table of Contents Presente (-ar, -er, -ir) Stem Changers Irregulars (-go, -zco, -oy) Saber vs. Conocer Reflexives ‘Se’ Impersonal Present tense with dipthongs (with accents) Verbs like –uir/-guir, -cer/-cir, -ger/-gir Hace + que + present tense Imperfect
3. 1. Presente Yo Nosotros TúVosotros Él/Ella/ Ellos/Ellas/ UstedUstedes -ar -o -amos -as -áis -a -an -er -o -emos -es -éis -e -en -ir -o -imos -es -ís -e -en
4. 2. Stem Changers e -> ie e -> i o -> ue u -> ue Example: Cerrar(e-ie): cierro cerramos cierras cerráis cierra cierran There is no stem change for nosotros or vosotros. These are also called boot verbs
5. 3. Irregulars: -car/-gar/-zar -car: -co -qué -gar: -go -gué -zar: -zo-cé Example: Empacar: empaquéempacamos empacaste empacóempacaron It only changes in the first person singular tense.
8. (3) Snake and Snakey verbs Snake and Snakey verbs are verbs that change in the third person only. Example of snake verbs: Pedir: pedípedimos pediste pidieronpidieron Example of snakey verbs: Leer: leíleímos leíste leyóleyeron Snakey verbs change the ‘i’ to ‘y’ in the 3rd person.
9. 4. Saber vs. Conocer Saber and Conocer both mean “to know,” but they are not interchangable. Saber: to express knowledge or ignorance of information, skills, or facts. ex: Élsabematemáticas. Conocer: to say that one is or is not acquainted with a person, place, or an object. ex: Yo no conozco a Juan.
10. 5. Reflexives Reflexive verbs show action being done to oneself. They use the pronouns: me nos teos se se - The pronouns can go in front of the verb or hook on to the end of the infinitive form of the verb. (Se baña/ bañarse)
11. 6. ‘Se’ Impersonal In english, people frequently say things like, “You shouldn’t smoke” or “One shouldn’t text and drive,” but “you” and “one” are’t really referring to anyone specific. These are called impersonal expressions. In spanish, you add the pronoun ‘se’ in front of the verb you are using. Example: How does one say “icecream” in Italian? = ¿Cómose dice “helado” en italiano?
12. 7. Present tense with dipthongs (with accents) Some verbs need an accent to break up the dipthong in order to place stress on the proper syllable. A dipthong is a weak vowel (such as ‘i/y’ or ‘u’) with a strong vowel (‘a’, ‘e’, ‘o’), or two weak vowels coming together to form one syllable. Example: Esquiar (to ski): esquíoesquíamos esquías esquíaesquían
15. 10. Imperfect Imperfect verbs describe an ongoing or repeated action taking place in the past. (“I used to…”) Examples: Los pajaroscantaban. -> The birds were singing. Mi mamáteníaunacarabonita. -> My mom had a pretty face. -ar: -aba -ábamos -er/-ir: -ía - íamos -abas -ías -aba -aban -ía - ían
