Presentation by Fred Unger, Phuc Pham-Duc, Hung Pham Van, Sinh Dang-Xuan, Huyen Le Thi, Sothyra Tum, Chhay Ty, Jenny-Ann Toribio, Hai Ngo Hoang Tuan, Nga Nguyen-Thi-Duong and Hung Nguyen-Viet at the 23rd Khon Kaen Veterinary Annual International Conference, Khon Kaen, Thailand, 2 September 2022.
Traditional food chains–some thoughts on terminologies, perceptions and how t...ILRI
Presented by Fred Unger at the 3rd International Conference on One Health 2020, Veterinary Science Innovation for Ecosystem Health and Resilience, Malang, Indonesia, 30 October 2020.
Food safety performance in animal-source food value chainsILRI
Presentation by Fred Unger, Hung Nguyen-Viet, Phuc Pham-Duc, Pham Van Hung, Huyen Le Thi Thanh, Sinh Dang-Xuan, Nguyen Thanh Luong, Hai Ngo Hoang Tuan and Delia Grace at the 1st International Conference on Veterinary and Animal Science - the role of veterinary science to cope with pandemics, Universitas Nusa Cendana, Kupang, Indonesia, 20 October 2020.
Presented by Delia Grace at the Joint CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH)/CGIAR Independent Science and Partnership Council (ISPC) Workshop on Nutrition, Washington, D.C., 22-23 September 2014.
Traditional food chains–some thoughts on terminologies, perceptions and how t...ILRI
Presented by Fred Unger at the 3rd International Conference on One Health 2020, Veterinary Science Innovation for Ecosystem Health and Resilience, Malang, Indonesia, 30 October 2020.
Food safety performance in animal-source food value chainsILRI
Presentation by Fred Unger, Hung Nguyen-Viet, Phuc Pham-Duc, Pham Van Hung, Huyen Le Thi Thanh, Sinh Dang-Xuan, Nguyen Thanh Luong, Hai Ngo Hoang Tuan and Delia Grace at the 1st International Conference on Veterinary and Animal Science - the role of veterinary science to cope with pandemics, Universitas Nusa Cendana, Kupang, Indonesia, 20 October 2020.
Presented by Delia Grace at the Joint CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH)/CGIAR Independent Science and Partnership Council (ISPC) Workshop on Nutrition, Washington, D.C., 22-23 September 2014.
Livestock research for Africa’s food security and poverty reductionILRI
Presented by Jimmy Smith, Shirley Tarawali, Iain Wright, Suzanne Bertrand, Polly Ericksen, Delia Grace and Ethel Makila at a side event at the 6th Africa Agriculture Science Week, Accra, Ghana, 15-20 July 2013
Agricultural biotechnology and the economics of food security and climate cha...ExternalEvents
Agricultural biotechnology and the economics of food security and climate change mitigation presentation by "Daniel Sumner, University of California Davis, Davis, United States of America
"
Food safety in low- and middle-income countries: What works, what doesn't and...ILRI
Presentation by Delia Grace, Fred Unger, Hung Nguyen-Viet, Johanna Lindahl, Kohei Makita, Kristina Roesel, Michael Taylor, Ram Deka, Sinh Dang Xuan, Steve Jaffee and Silvia Alonso at the 15th International Symposium of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 13 November 2018.
ILRI research on foodborne diseases and antimicrobial resistance associated w...ILRI
Presentation by Delia Grace, Florence Mutua, Fred Unger, Johanna Lindahl, Kristina Roesel, Ram Pratim Deka, Sinh Dang-Xuan, Barbara Wieland and Hung Nguyen-Viet at a regional symposium on research into smallholder pig production, health and pork safety, Hanoi, Vietnam, 27–29 March 2019.
The Brussels Development Briefing no. 52 on “Food safety: a critical part of the food system in Africa ” took place on 19 September 2018 from 09h00 to 13h00, ACP Secretariat, Brussels 451 Avenue Georges Henri, 1200 Brussels. This Briefing was organised by the ACP-EU Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA), in collaboration with the European Commission (DG DEVCO & DG Health and Food Safety), the ACP Secretariat, CONCORD and the Global Food Safety Partnership.
The role of informal food markets—Towards professionalizing, not criminalizingILRI
Presented by Kristina Roesel at the 16th Annual Meeting of the Inter-Agency Donor Group on Pro-poor-livestock research and development, Berlin, 18-20 November 2015
Better food safety solutions in Africa: Understanding the complex social, eco...ILRI
Presentation by Kebede Amenu, Silvia Alonso, Florence Mutua, Kristina Roesel, Johanna Lindahl, Barbara Kowalcyk, Theodore Knight-Jones and Delia Grace at the 37th World Veterinary Association Congress, 29-31 March 2022, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
Livestock in ASEAN countries: Animal and human health and value chainsILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet, Fred Unger and Delia Grace at a webinar on 'The future of farming: Opportunities for Irish agritech in Southeast Asia', 27 May 2021.
Johan Swinnen, Rob Vos, John McDermott, and Laura Zseleczky
GLOBAL FOOD POLICY REPORT
VIRTUAL LAUNCH EVENT - 2020 Global Food Policy Report: Building Inclusive Food Systems
APR 7, 2020 - 12:15 PM TO 01:15 PM EDT
Technical and socio-cultural continuum in food safety management in informal ...ILRI
Presentation by Kebede Amenu, Silvia Alonso, Theodore Knight-Jones, Gemma Tacken and Delia Grace at the 2022 annual meeting of the International Association for Food Protection, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 31 July–3 August 2022.
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Presentation by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 28–30 November 2023.
More Related Content
Similar to Safer food for traditional markets from a One health perspective
Livestock research for Africa’s food security and poverty reductionILRI
Presented by Jimmy Smith, Shirley Tarawali, Iain Wright, Suzanne Bertrand, Polly Ericksen, Delia Grace and Ethel Makila at a side event at the 6th Africa Agriculture Science Week, Accra, Ghana, 15-20 July 2013
Agricultural biotechnology and the economics of food security and climate cha...ExternalEvents
Agricultural biotechnology and the economics of food security and climate change mitigation presentation by "Daniel Sumner, University of California Davis, Davis, United States of America
"
Food safety in low- and middle-income countries: What works, what doesn't and...ILRI
Presentation by Delia Grace, Fred Unger, Hung Nguyen-Viet, Johanna Lindahl, Kohei Makita, Kristina Roesel, Michael Taylor, Ram Deka, Sinh Dang Xuan, Steve Jaffee and Silvia Alonso at the 15th International Symposium of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 13 November 2018.
ILRI research on foodborne diseases and antimicrobial resistance associated w...ILRI
Presentation by Delia Grace, Florence Mutua, Fred Unger, Johanna Lindahl, Kristina Roesel, Ram Pratim Deka, Sinh Dang-Xuan, Barbara Wieland and Hung Nguyen-Viet at a regional symposium on research into smallholder pig production, health and pork safety, Hanoi, Vietnam, 27–29 March 2019.
The Brussels Development Briefing no. 52 on “Food safety: a critical part of the food system in Africa ” took place on 19 September 2018 from 09h00 to 13h00, ACP Secretariat, Brussels 451 Avenue Georges Henri, 1200 Brussels. This Briefing was organised by the ACP-EU Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA), in collaboration with the European Commission (DG DEVCO & DG Health and Food Safety), the ACP Secretariat, CONCORD and the Global Food Safety Partnership.
The role of informal food markets—Towards professionalizing, not criminalizingILRI
Presented by Kristina Roesel at the 16th Annual Meeting of the Inter-Agency Donor Group on Pro-poor-livestock research and development, Berlin, 18-20 November 2015
Better food safety solutions in Africa: Understanding the complex social, eco...ILRI
Presentation by Kebede Amenu, Silvia Alonso, Florence Mutua, Kristina Roesel, Johanna Lindahl, Barbara Kowalcyk, Theodore Knight-Jones and Delia Grace at the 37th World Veterinary Association Congress, 29-31 March 2022, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
Livestock in ASEAN countries: Animal and human health and value chainsILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet, Fred Unger and Delia Grace at a webinar on 'The future of farming: Opportunities for Irish agritech in Southeast Asia', 27 May 2021.
Johan Swinnen, Rob Vos, John McDermott, and Laura Zseleczky
GLOBAL FOOD POLICY REPORT
VIRTUAL LAUNCH EVENT - 2020 Global Food Policy Report: Building Inclusive Food Systems
APR 7, 2020 - 12:15 PM TO 01:15 PM EDT
Technical and socio-cultural continuum in food safety management in informal ...ILRI
Presentation by Kebede Amenu, Silvia Alonso, Theodore Knight-Jones, Gemma Tacken and Delia Grace at the 2022 annual meeting of the International Association for Food Protection, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 31 July–3 August 2022.
Similar to Safer food for traditional markets from a One health perspective (20)
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Presentation by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 28–30 November 2023.
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Poster by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione presented at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 29 November 2023.
A training, certification and marketing scheme for informal dairy vendors in ...ILRI
Presentation by Silvia Alonso, Jef L. Leroy, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas and Delia Grace at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
Milk safety and child nutrition impacts of the MoreMilk training, certificati...ILRI
Poster by Silvia Alonso, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas, Delia Grace and Jef L. Leroy presented at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
Food safety research in low- and middle-income countriesILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet at the first technical meeting to launch the Food Safety Working Group under the One Health Partnership framework, Hanoi, Vietnam, 28 September 2023
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet at the first technical meeting to launch the Food Safety Working Group under the One Health Partnership framework, Hanoi, Vietnam, 28 September 2023
Reservoirs of pathogenic Leptospira species in UgandaILRI
Presentation by Lordrick Alinaitwe, Martin Wainaina, Salome Dürr, Clovice Kankya, Velma Kivali, James Bugeza, Martin Richter, Kristina Roesel, Annie Cook and Anne Mayer-Scholl at the University of Bern Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences Symposium, Bern, Switzerland, 29 June 2023.
Assessing meat microbiological safety and associated handling practices in bu...ILRI
Presentation by Patricia Koech, Winnie Ogutu, Linnet Ochieng, Delia Grace, George Gitao, Lily Bebora, Max Korir, Florence Mutua and Arshnee Moodley at the 8th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana, 26–29 September 2023.
Ecological factors associated with abundance and distribution of mosquito vec...ILRI
Poster by Max Korir, Joel Lutomiah and Bernard Bett presented the 8th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana, 26–29 September 2023.
Practices and drivers of antibiotic use in Kenyan smallholder dairy farmsILRI
Poster by Lydiah Kisoo, Dishon M. Muloi, Walter Oguta, Daisy Ronoh, Lynn Kirwa, James Akoko, Eric Fèvre, Arshnee Moodley and Lillian Wambua presented at Tropentag 2023, Berlin, Germany, 20–22 September 2023.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Safer food for traditional markets from a One health perspective
1. Better lives through livestock
Safer food for traditional markets from a One health perspective
Fred Unger1, Phuc Pham Duc2, , Hung Pham Van3, Sinh Dang Xuan1, Huyen Le Thi4, Sothyra Tum5,Chhay Ty6,
Jenny-Ann Toribio7, Hai Ngo Hoang Tuan2, Nga Nguyen-Thi-Duong3, Hung Nguyen-Viet1
1 International Livestock Research Institute, Viet Nam and Kenya, 2 Hanoi University of Public Health, Viet Nam, 3 Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Viet Nam, 4 National Institute of Animal
Sciences, Viet Nam, 5 National Animal Health and Production Research Institute, Cambodia, 6 Livestock Development for Community Livelihood, Cambodia, 7 University of Sydney, Australia
23rd Khon Kaen Veterinary Annual International Conference
2 September 2022
Khon Kaen, Thailand
2. www.cgiar.org
One CGIAR: New collaborative process of CGIAR established from 2021 onwards
Aiming for: More synergies among centres, joint resources & higher impact
One voice with partners
Regional scope: 6 regions worldwide (as in the map)
ILRI: The only CG institute with main focus on livestock; HQ in Addis
Ababa and Nairobi
ILRI is part of CGIAR
For 50 years, CGIAR has been a leader in agricultural science and
innovation for development
13 centres worldwide
3. www.cgiar.org
CGIAR’s 2030 Research and Innovation Strategy
Vision
A world with sustainable and resilient food, land and water
systems that deliver diverse, healthy, safe, sufficient and
affordable diets, and ensure improved livelihoods and
greater social equality, within planetary and regional
environmental boundaries.
Mission
To deliver science and innovation that advance
transformation of food, land and water systems in
a climate crisis.
Impact
CGIAR is targeting multiple SDG benefits across five Impact
Areas, with collective global targets for transformation of food,
land and water systems across local, regional and global levels.
4. 4
• One Health
✓ Food safety, zoonoses, AMR, COVID-19
• Animal Health
• Livestock value chains (beef, pork and chicken)
• Animal welfare
• Genetics (chicken)
ILRI priority research areas in East and SE Asia
* Member of CGIAR
5. Agenda 2030’s Sustainable Development Goals
Livestock contribute to all 17 of the SDGs and directly to at least 8 of
the goals.
6. 6
Contents
1. Food system changes from animal sourced food
perspective and food safety challenges
2. Traditional food chains, perspectives and challenges
3. Food safety performance & interventions
- Evidence from Vietnam & Cambodia
4. One health and food safety
5. Way forward
7. 7
1. Food system changes from an animal sourced food
perspective and food safety challenges
8. 8
Population grow & urbanization
• World population was estimated at 6.8 billion in 2009, with 5.6 billion living in
the less developed regions (UN, 2009)
• Sep 2022, nearly 8 billion
• Current estimates are that the population will grow to 9.7 billion in 2050,
with most of the growth occurring in developing countries (World Population Prospects:
The 2019 Revision)
• Population living in urban areas is projected to rise from 3.3 billion in 2007
to 6.4 billion 2050 (World Urbanization Prospect)
9. 9
Projected grow in meat production and consumption on a
protein bases, 2021-2030
10. Proportion of livestock-derived foods produced by small farms in 2010
Source: Options for the Livestock Sector
in Developing and Emerging Economies
to 2030 and Beyond. World Economic
Forum White Paper January 2019
11. 11
Food system change & consequences
• Food systems are rapidly changing in many developing
countries, e.g., including Vietnam & Cambodia, 4-5 % grow of
livestock sector projected
• These transitions are likely to be associated with more
consumption of risky food
• Milk, meat, aquatic products and crops
• Food safety is an emerging public health problem worldwide,
but most prominent in low-income countries
12. Food safety – global perspective
WHO’s report: Global estimates of foodborne diseases
• Estimated global burden these 31 hazards was 33 million
DALYs
– Comparable with burden from Malaria, HIV and TB
• Almost 1 in 10 people fall ill every year from eating
contaminated food
• Causes and impact of FBD vary widely e.g., by region: Taenia
solium (Laos), O. V. (Regions in SE Asia), and aflatoxins
(Africa).
http://www.who.int/foodsafety/publications/
foodborne_disease/fergreport/en/
13. http://www.who.int/foodsafety/publications/
foodborne_disease/fergreport/en/
31 hazards
• 600 mio illnesses
• 420,000 deaths
• 33 million DALYs
Highest risk from microbiological hazards.
What people worry most does not always
match actual risks.
0
2,000,000
4,000,000
6,000,000
8,000,000
10,000,000
12,000,000
14,000,000
16,000,000
18,000,000
20,000,000
Asia Africa Other
developing
Developed
Other toxins Aflatoxins Helminths Microbial
>
=
<
Perceived versus actual risks
15. Traditional food chains – traditional or wet markets
Terminology
• It refers to traditional markets which sell mainly fresh
foods such as meat, some seafood, fruits and vegetables.
• Usually less regulated
• Consist of different stalls with independent owners
• Frequent use ice to keep food fresh and often wash
products to keep them clean and fresh.
“wet market”
Photo credit: Chea Rortana /ILRI 2020
16. Formal versus informal retail
• Formal retail: supermarkets, convenient stores,
“healthy” food shops
• Informal retails include:
✓ traditional markets and or ‘wet markets’
✓ Street and /or street food vendors
• Traditional, wet or ‘informal’ markets supply >80%
of the food consumed in sub-Saharan Africa*, but
also the region e.g. Vietnam and Cambodia
• Often escape structured sanitary inspection and lack
modern infrastructure and modern management
*Predicted to still meet 50 to 70 % of consumer demand for food by 2040
Photo credit: Chea
Rortana, Chi Nguyen
/ILRI 2020
17. Why customers prefer traditional/wet markets
• Accessibility, numerous in urban areas but often the only
source in rural areas
• Cheaper than formal/modern retail (opposite to developing
countries – “organic” markets – pricy)
• Addressing specific consumer demands
✓ Sell of traditional foods (including wildlife)
✓ Vietnam: Certain meat pie, blood pudding
• Livelihood contribution
✓ Income for retailers (many are women) & smallholder
• Consumers associate wet markets with fresh, local,
“healthy by nature” foods
✓ Often more trusted then modern retail (Vietnam)
Photo credit: Unger,
Chi Nguyen /ILRI
18. Traditional/wet markets are not the same
• Many markets sell fresh meat (often from animals killed
that morning, from slaughter facilities nearby)
• Live birds and live aquatic food, often killed on spot or
taken home alive
• Only a minority of markets sell wildlife: may be alive or
freshly killed
• Markets vary from permanent structures (with electricity,
running water and concrete walls and floors) to wooden
structures with semi thatch covering, or to food sold on
the ground in the open air
• Operation time varies: daily, some days per week or less
Photo credit: Chea Rortana, Chi Nguyen /ILRI
19. Risk at traditional/wet markets
There are both risk amplifying and mitigating practices and
characteristics in wet markets. Some of these are shown below:
Risk mitigating Risk amplifying
Separation between types of fresh food
(fresh/cooked or intestines and meat)
Direct or indirect contact between intestines and
meat, or processed and raw meat
Basic infrastructure: water, electricity, easy to
clean surface
Keeping and slaughter live animals
Rapid turnover, selling in small amount Selling on the ground/floor
Trust in vendor Lack of effective, risk based inspection
Short value chain Poor infrastructure: lack of water and electricity
20. Will modern retail replace traditional/wet markets?
Modern retail:
Based on experiences on rapid growth of modern retail from other parts of the world (America, Europe,
Australia, South America) the same was assumed for Africa and Asia.
But there are crucial differences.
• Modern retail in Asia and Africa does not offer offered fresh food at lower cost than traditional retail
• There is also a strong preference for “warm fresh meat” = not chilled or frozen food in Africa and Asia.
• Selection process of meat may include even check of consistence /“touching” of meat
• Perception that modern retail uses more “chemicals” e.g. grow promoters & consequently different
perceived meat quality compared to traditional retail
“premium shops”
Shops specialising in selling “health” fresh food at a premium (rather small outlets)
Co-existence of traditional and modern retail
For richer customers, wet markets and modern retail may be complementary rather than competitive
• people buying packaged food in supermarkets and fresh food in wet markets
Photo credit: Chi
Nguyen ILRI
21. Shall we worry about wet markets?
Food safety
Wet markets often lack adequate infrastructure and food safety measures:
• Hazards can be high, but risks can be low if post processing involves a
reliable control step
• Evidence from the region suggests that the informal sector is not always
dangerous and the formal sector is not always safe.
• The formal sector is more vulnerable to system failures
Transmission of emerging diseases
• Coronavirus emergence has also been associated with sale of wild animals
in wet markets but majority wild animals are not sold in wet markets.
• Role of wet markets in the recent pandemic not fully understood
22. How to reduce risk from wet markets
Attempt and challenges:
• Improve infrastructure
✓ But without changing retailers behaviour and practice tends to be
unsustainable or not scalable
✓ Training retailers helps to improve food safety but incentives needed, to
make improvements sustainable
• Ban wet markets have usually failed and often had serious un-intended
consequences.
• So far there was limited investment and research into informal markets
23. What can be done differently?
Existing regulations sometimes inappropriate or not exist e.g. for small-scale slaughter
(majority of slaughter facilities cant receive certification but still operates)
Rather gradual upgrading of existing structure than infrastructure change
• Provide simple technologies to make food safe (e.g. cheap, easy to clean surfaces)
Participatory, risk-based, demand-led approaches seem most promising (not-top down or
purely regulatory)
Understanding health risk from informal markets (as opposed to presence of hazards) &
tackling most risky features first
Implementing and evaluating potentially scalable and sustainable interventions
24. 3. Food safety performance & interventions
- Evidence from Vietnam & Cambodia
• Pork is most important meat diet for consumers
• Most of this is produced, slaughtered and sold through traditional value
chains
• Food safety has become an increasing concern (consumers &
policymakers)
• Little information on the actual risks or how to manage them.
25. NEW Food safety performance tool (Safety, scalability and societal norms)
Safety:
– Poor food safety outcomes (Salmonella) across all pork retail types (modern and traditional)
– 1-2 out of 10 pork consumers estimated to suffer from foodborne disease (Salmonella) annually
Estimate cost of hospitalization due to FBD ~ US$200 M/year
– Low risk from chemical hazards (grow promoters, antimicrobials) and pork parasitic zoonoses
– Value chain actors incorrectly perceive chemical hazards as most important
– VC actors relate “Safe Pork” to not using antibiotics/growth promoters and less to poor hygiene
Scalability: Traditional markets and slaughter will continue to provide most pork
Gender: Women worry more frequently about foodborne disease than men.
Evidence on pork safety risks (Vietnam)
Traditional retail Street food Canteens „Boutique“ shops Supermarket/
convenient shops
Indigenous pigs Photo source: ILRI Hanoi,
2019
26. Evidence on food safety risks (Cambodia)
• Presence of Salmonella (moderate to high) in
chicken and pork across modern and traditional
retail (survey across all provinces)
• Health risk assessment – 1-2 consumers/10 of pork
and chicken salad estimate to suffer from FBD due to
Salmonellosis
• Cross-contamination at household important (e.g.,
same cutting board used for vegies and meat)
• Low risk from pork parasitic zoonoses (taenia spp.,
cysticercosis & trichinella spp.)
Photo source: ILRI SFFF Cambodia,
2019
27. Evidence from pork safety intervention (Vietnam)
Food safety risk communication
Manuals, poster
Introduction of food safety nudges & guidelines
Training > 600 VC actors trained so far & > 40 media
representatives
Inox grid, separate clean/dirty zones, cleaning & disinfection,
and training, certification (as incentive)
Significant hygienic improvement (hygienic indicator)
Food Safety Interventions at slaughter (300-1000 USD)
Hygienic cutting board, separate meat/intestines/cooked products,
cleaning & disinfection, training, scoring system for best retailers
Moderate hygienic improvement (hygienic indicator)
Food Safety Interventions at retail (40 USD)
Food auction/willingness to pay
Consumer tend to pay 16% more
for the intervened pork
COVID delayed interventions but
helped to improve retailer
compliance (e.g. us of disinfectant)
28. Intervention package: Cost about 25.0 $
- Training
- Frequent washing and disinfection
- Easy to clean surface & separation (fresh/cooked…)
- Hygienic cutting board
- Recognition (banner, certificates)
Intervention package tested across 6 provinces and
360 retailers using RCT design (1st time ever)
- Improved food safety outcomes in intervention group
Photo source: ILRI SFFF Cambodia, 2020
Evidence from pork safety interventions
(Cambodia)
30. 30
One Health perspective
One Health teams:
Vietnam:
Public health, vets, animal science, social science, economist,
M&E experts, gender, animal welfare and behavior economist
Cambodia:
Public health, vets, animal science, M&E experts, gender, and
behavior economist
But lack of private sector involvement!
31. Steps/processes:
• Theory of change for retailers
• Participatory risk assessment
• Participatory diagnostic
• Formative research (e.g. cross-
contamination at household)
• Interventions trial
KEY STEPS AND STAKEHOLDERS TO ENSURE GOOD IMPLEMENTATION
Stakeholders:
• National MARD/Sub DAH & GDAHP
• Provincial animal health workers
• Market managers
• Slaughterers & retailers
• Community members
• Media
• …
Policy level/local support:
• Stronger in Cambodia than in Vietnam
• Concluded in large scale intervention for
Cambodia
32. 32
Aligned capacity building
to promote next generation food safety workers and risk communicators
• Meat inspection training in Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia
• Risk communicators
• Risk assessment guidelines on food safety related to biological and chemical
hazards
• Food safety curriculum developments
• PhD and MCs
33. Higher level policy impact
• Landmark report on Food safety risk management
report & recognised by high level (DPM of Vietnam)
• Contributions to UNFSS dialogues and summit, AT 1 &
NAP for Food System Transformation
• Vietnam Food Safety Working Group (ILRI current
chair)
• Vietnam Taskforce for FS Risk Assessment
• Food safety taskforce established (Cambodia)
34. 34
Way forward & learnings
✓ Food system changes need to address food safety risks
✓ Traditional retail plays an important role and will remain to do so
✓ The informal sector is not always dangerous as the formal sector is not always safe
✓ Low-costs interventions at traditional slaughter & retail can work, but suitable
motivation and scaling needed (will be addressed in larger food safety initiatives
across seven provinces of Vietnam)
✓ Ensure involvement of private sector
✓ Aligned capacity building: trainings at different levels are key
✓ Interventions should be grounded by a Theory of change and incentivised
35. 35
Way forward
One Health approach can help to:
✓ Ensure relevant expertise (in the team but also animal health workers, market managers,
retailers) and a participatory processes
✓ Facilitate strong engagement of high level ‘taskforce’ e.g., through the Vietnam One
Health Partnership (OHP)
✓ Facilitate an adequate community involvement and participatory approach