The document provides an overview of Google's driverless car technology. It describes the various sensors used in the car, including LIDAR, RADAR, video cameras, and a position estimator. The sensors gather information about the vehicle's environment and location. Artificial intelligence software integrates this sensor data and helps operate the vehicle without human assistance. The document discusses the history and development of driverless cars. It examines the components, working, advantages, disadvantages, and potential future applications and predictions for this emerging technology.
Google driverless car technical seminar report (.docx)gautham p
Google Driverless Car is the latest technology or innovation that is going to hit the market in the coming years.
This report is especially for mechanical engineering students.
An autonomous vehicle is a kind of vehicle which can drive itself to the destination without any human
conduction. This is also known as driverless vehicle, self-driving vehicle or robot vehicle. Autonomous
vehicles require the combination of various sensors to detect their surroundings and interpret the
information to identify the appropriate navigation path and the obstacles in the way.
Modern vehicles provide some autonomous features like speed controls, emergency braking or keeping
the vehicle into the lane. Here, differences remain between a fully autonomous vehicle on one hand
and driver assistance technologies on the other hand.
Google driverless car technical seminar report (.docx)gautham p
Google Driverless Car is the latest technology or innovation that is going to hit the market in the coming years.
This report is especially for mechanical engineering students.
An autonomous vehicle is a kind of vehicle which can drive itself to the destination without any human
conduction. This is also known as driverless vehicle, self-driving vehicle or robot vehicle. Autonomous
vehicles require the combination of various sensors to detect their surroundings and interpret the
information to identify the appropriate navigation path and the obstacles in the way.
Modern vehicles provide some autonomous features like speed controls, emergency braking or keeping
the vehicle into the lane. Here, differences remain between a fully autonomous vehicle on one hand
and driver assistance technologies on the other hand.
Advanced driver assistance systems are designed to increase car safety more generally road safety.
Basically Advanced driver assists(ADS) systems helps the driver in the driving process and enables safe, relaxed driving. It makes sense to get your new car with driver assist features if you find it at a reasonable price as it helps you drive easily and safely in everyday use.
Google Self Driving Cars
The Google Self-Driving Car is a project by Google that involves developing technology for autonomous cars. The software powering Google's cars is called Google Chauffeur. Lettering on the side of each car identifies it as a "self-driving car". The project is currently being led by Google engineer Sebastian Thrun, former director of the Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory and co-inventor of Google Street View. Thrun's team at Stanford created the robotic vehicle Stanley which won the 2005 DARPA Grand Challenge and its US$2 million prize from the United States Department of Defense. The team developing the system consisted of 15 engineers working for Google, including Chris Urmson, Mike Montemerlo, and Anthony Levandowski who had worked on the DARPA Grand and Urban Challenges.
Legislation has been passed in four states and the District of Columbia allowing driverless cars. The U.S. state of Nevada passed a law on June 29, 2011, permitting the operation of autonomous cars in Nevada, after Google had been lobbying in that state for robotic car laws. The Nevada law went into effect on March 1, 2012, and the Nevada Department of Motor Vehicles issued the first license for an autonomous car in May 2012, to a Toyota Prius modified with Google's experimental driverless technology. In April 2012, Florida became the second state to allow the testing of autonomous cars on public roads, and California became the third when Governor Jerry Brown signed the bill into law at Google HQ in Mountain View. In July 2014, the city of Coeur d'Alene, Idaho adopted a robotics ordinance that includes provisions to allow for self-driving cars.
Videos
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCCLyNDhxwpqNe3UeEmGHl8g
This Presentation describes about the concept of self driving car with uses of different technology. This presentation will be helpful for those who want to know about new technology and will also be helpful for those who want to give seminar in technical college.
A self-driving car is a vehicle that is capable of sensing its environment and navigating without human input. Self-driving cars can detect surroundings, using a variety of techniques such as radar, GPS, and computer vision.
<<instagram>> https://www.instagram.com/mike_sarafoglou/
<<youtube>> https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCZQDCo6W-3wTkbrkHbgjs2w
DEVELOPMENT OF AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM BASED ON VAPOUR ABSORPTION REFRIGERATI...IAEME Publication
The air conditioning system of automobiles in today’s world uses “Vapour Compression Refrigerant System” (VCRS) which absorbs and removes heat from the interior of the vehicle. The
system utilizes power from engine shaft as the input power to drive the compressor of the refrigerant system. The loss of power of the engine to run the VCR system can be neglected by utilizing another refrigeration system i.e. a “Vapour Absorption Refrigerant System”.
Advanced driver assistance systems are designed to increase car safety more generally road safety.
Basically Advanced driver assists(ADS) systems helps the driver in the driving process and enables safe, relaxed driving. It makes sense to get your new car with driver assist features if you find it at a reasonable price as it helps you drive easily and safely in everyday use.
Google Self Driving Cars
The Google Self-Driving Car is a project by Google that involves developing technology for autonomous cars. The software powering Google's cars is called Google Chauffeur. Lettering on the side of each car identifies it as a "self-driving car". The project is currently being led by Google engineer Sebastian Thrun, former director of the Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory and co-inventor of Google Street View. Thrun's team at Stanford created the robotic vehicle Stanley which won the 2005 DARPA Grand Challenge and its US$2 million prize from the United States Department of Defense. The team developing the system consisted of 15 engineers working for Google, including Chris Urmson, Mike Montemerlo, and Anthony Levandowski who had worked on the DARPA Grand and Urban Challenges.
Legislation has been passed in four states and the District of Columbia allowing driverless cars. The U.S. state of Nevada passed a law on June 29, 2011, permitting the operation of autonomous cars in Nevada, after Google had been lobbying in that state for robotic car laws. The Nevada law went into effect on March 1, 2012, and the Nevada Department of Motor Vehicles issued the first license for an autonomous car in May 2012, to a Toyota Prius modified with Google's experimental driverless technology. In April 2012, Florida became the second state to allow the testing of autonomous cars on public roads, and California became the third when Governor Jerry Brown signed the bill into law at Google HQ in Mountain View. In July 2014, the city of Coeur d'Alene, Idaho adopted a robotics ordinance that includes provisions to allow for self-driving cars.
Videos
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCCLyNDhxwpqNe3UeEmGHl8g
This Presentation describes about the concept of self driving car with uses of different technology. This presentation will be helpful for those who want to know about new technology and will also be helpful for those who want to give seminar in technical college.
A self-driving car is a vehicle that is capable of sensing its environment and navigating without human input. Self-driving cars can detect surroundings, using a variety of techniques such as radar, GPS, and computer vision.
<<instagram>> https://www.instagram.com/mike_sarafoglou/
<<youtube>> https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCZQDCo6W-3wTkbrkHbgjs2w
DEVELOPMENT OF AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM BASED ON VAPOUR ABSORPTION REFRIGERATI...IAEME Publication
The air conditioning system of automobiles in today’s world uses “Vapour Compression Refrigerant System” (VCRS) which absorbs and removes heat from the interior of the vehicle. The
system utilizes power from engine shaft as the input power to drive the compressor of the refrigerant system. The loss of power of the engine to run the VCR system can be neglected by utilizing another refrigeration system i.e. a “Vapour Absorption Refrigerant System”.
Cooling of a truck cabin by vapour absorption refrigeration system using engi...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
SOLAR POWER VAPOUR ABSORPTION REFRIGERATION SYSTEMaj12345ay
USE OF SOLAR POWER IN REFRIGERATION SYSTEM
The power incident from the sun to the earth has very much amount of energy that the present consumption rate of all the commercial and general uses. We utilize only 0.1% of total incident sun energy on the surface of earth. Thus solar energy can fulfill our present as well as future needs of energy. That is a reason it called renewable sources of energy. It is also environmental clean source of energy and available at whole part of world where people live. Using of solar energy in the field of refrigeration and air conditioning system it become very economical.
In our project we provide solar heat in generator for heating purpose of vapor compression refrigeration system.
For past few decades, energy has played a prominent role in the development of technology and economy. Energy has now become inevitable factor for production as well. The objective of this project is to develop an environment friendly vapour absorption system. Vapour absorption system uses heat energy, instead of mechanical energy as in vapour compression system, in order to change the condition of refrigerant required for the operation of the cycle. R 717(NH3) and water are used as working fluids in this system. The basic idea of this project is derived from the solar heating panel to obtain heat energy, instead of using any conventional source of heat energy. In this project various observations are done by varying operating conditions related to heat source, condenser, absorber and evaporator temperatures. The drawback of this system is that, it remains idle in the cloudy weather conditions.
COMPONENTS USED IN SOLAR POWERED AQUA-AMMONIA VAPOUR ABSORPTION SYSTEM
• ABSORBER
• PUMP
• HEAT EXCHANGER
• GENERATOR
• SOLAR PANEL
• CONDENSER
• EXPANSION VALVE
• EVAPORATOR
• DC BATTERY
• FAN
ALKATAN 1Google CarAs we know the trends are being influence.docxgalerussel59292
ALKATAN 1
Google Car
As we know the trends are being influenced in our modern world with respect to the advancement of technology in our society accordingly. The perceptions of consumers related to cars are widely influenced because of the continuous increase of our daily life expense. This paper is about the Google self driving car which is a project by Google that engages rising technology for self driving cars. The cars exploit a blend of technologies, together with radar sensors on the front side, movie cameras intended at the adjacent area, a variety of other sensors and synthetic intellect software that aids in guiding. There have been no mishaps while the cars were managed by the computer. The system makes at the speed boundary, it has stored in its ways and keeps its space from other automobiles by means of its system of sensors. The system offers an override that permits a human driver to keep control of the vehicle by moving on the brake or rotating the wheel. As the thought of a Google Car was initiated, the appraisals have been polarized. Here is abundance of optimistic remarks about Google Car. Google’s firm and huge database, particularly data on maps is very much praised and trusted to be practical and necessary in advancement of the self driving car. In this paper, the discussions have been made about testing and troubleshooting, finalizing and Users' manual about the Google driverless car project.
It has been produced prototypes of a self driving car already by Google. However, actually advertising them and locating them on the way is another story. The organization recognizes that at the present time, mobile networks are not prepared to deal vehicles. The major carriers hardly have sufficient ranges to serve their human clients, however work is in progress to get used to the white space range for machine-to-machine associations. In the United States of America, Google is a manager of a database of white space, meaning that it adds to list tools that is to be employed on the white space range. On the other hand, Google may have to discover other alternatives for its associated cars. The white space range is most excellently matched for signals that have extended range and inferior frequency than those that convey voice and facts over mobile networks. The majority M2M signals do not require to be conveyed constant at increase speeds. However, those of a self driving car might be a significant immunity. The car also contains other sensors, which comprise: four radars, located on the face and back bumpers, that facilitate the car to "observe" distant enough to be intelligent to take care of fast traffic on freeways; a movie camera, placed close to the back-view mirror, that senses traffic luminosities and a GPS, inertial calculation unit, and wheel encoder, that find out the car's position and keep follow on its activities (Martha DeGrasse, 2013).
For Road testing, the project team has prepared a test task force of ten cars at .
Futuristic driverless cars are here nowwebsolutionz
Driverless cars have been featured in futuristic, science fiction movies such as Demolition Man, I Robot, Minority Report, Total Recall and a host of others.
[Updated 2/27/17] Brian Solis, principal analyst of Altimeter, a Prophet Company, has tracked the autonomous industry for two years and has assembled the most comprehensive report on “The State of The Autonomous Driving.” The updated report features the latest developments among companies driving the future, including 76 automakers, startups and universities. The report also includes an infographic that organizes all of the companies by technology focus and its open to third party creative commons use. This report will be updated regularly, if you would like to contribute updates please contact Brian via email at brian@altimetergroup.com
Driverless Vehicles: Future Outlook on Intelligent TransportationIJERA Editor
Numerous technologies have been deployed to assist and manage transportation .But recent concerted efforts in academia andindustry point to a paradigm shift in intelligent transportation systems. Vehicles will carry computing and communication platforms,and will have enhanced sensing capabilities .They will enable new versatile systemsthat enhance transportation efficiency. This article surveys the sate-of-art approaches towards the future outlook on intelligent transportation. Current capabilities as well as limitations and opportunities of key enabling technologies are reviewed along with details of numerous notable projects that have been done around the world. Finally report also reviews the legal and regulatory uncertainties.
Driverless Cars: Time for Insurers to Shift GearsCognizant
Insurers need to gear up now to prepare for the huge changes under way with the advent of driverless (autonomous) cars. Taking into considerations factors such as cost, safety, regulations and car longevity, we assess the multi-tiered impact on insurance coverages, pricing, underwriting and claims management for the different phases of driverless car evolution and adoption.
Peloton Technologies Inc. in Autonomous Vehicle AdoptionMark Brewer
This paper evaluates Peloton Technologies Inc. and was written for an MBA class (Evaluating Innovation Opportunities) at the University of Iowa. The three co-authors of this paper are Mark Brewer, Kristin Knudson and Thomas Baldwin.
Kristin Knudson:
https://www.linkedin.com/in/kristin-knudson-4266b22a
Thomas Baldwin:
https://www.linkedin.com/in/tabbaldwin
The topic of driverless cars has caught the imaginations of many people. Who wouldn’t want to relax as his car drove him to work, then parked itself? Families could reduce the amount of vehicles if mom could take the car to work then send it home so another family member could do errands, go to the doctor, take the cat to the vet, or other tasks. To many this seems like a fantasy come true; in reality it is a fantasy that is going to be realized in the not too distant future.
While not all business and societal implications can be covered in this article, the insurance and regulatory implications are key to the future of this technology becoming readily available to the consuming public.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
1. Google Driverless Car
Dept. of ISE 2014-2015 Page 1
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
The system combines information gathered from Google street view with artificial
intelligence software that combines input from video camera inside the car, a LIDAR sensor on the
top of the vehicle, RADAR sensors on the front of the vehicle and a position sensor attached to one
of the rear wheel that helps to locate the car position on the map. At the same time some hardware
components are used in the car these are APPIANIX PCS, VELODYNE, SWITCH, TOPCON,
REAR MONITOR, COMPUTER, ROUTER, FAN, INVERTER and BATTERY along with some
software program is installed in it. By all the components combined together to operate the car
without the DRIVER. i.e., the car drives itself only.
Figure 1.1 Driverless Car
1.1 Overview
The overview of this project is to implement a driverless car is an autonomous vehicle that
can drive itself from one point to another without assistance from a driver. One of the main
impetuses behind the call for driverless cars is safety. An autonomous vehicle is fundamentally
2. Google Driverless Car
Dept. of ISE 2014-2015 Page 2
defined as a passenger vehicle. An autonomous vehicle is also referred to as an autopilot, driverless
car, auto-drive car, or automated guided vehicle (AGV). Most prototypes that have been built so far
performed automatic steering that were based on sensing the painted lines in the road or magnetic
monorails embedded in the road.
1.2 Purpose
Purpose of the current work is to study and analyze the driverless car technology. This
mobility is usually taken for granted by most people and they realize that transportation forms the
basis of our civilization. The need for a more efficient, balanced and safer transportation system is
obvious. This need can be best met by the implementation of autonomous transportation systems.
Figure 1.2 Driverless Car
1.3 Scope
Current work focuses on how to use the Future Car Technology That's On the Road Today. In
the future, automated system will help to avoid accidents and reduce congestion. The future vehicles
will be capable of determining the best route and warn each other about the conditions ahead. Many
companies and institutions working together in countless projects in order to implement the
intelligent vehicles and transportation networks of the future.
3. Google Driverless Car
Dept. of ISE 2014-2015 Page 3
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE SURVEY
A driverless car is an autonomous vehicle that can drive itself from one point to another
without assistance from a driver. Some believe that autonomous vehicles have the potential to
transform the transportation industry while virtually eliminating accidents and cleaning up the environment.
According to urban designer and futurist Michael E. Arth, driverless electricvehicles—in
conjunction with the increased use of virtual reality for work, travel, and pleasure— could reduce the
world's 800,000,000 vehicles to a fraction of that number within a few decades.
Arth claims that this would be possible if almost all private cars requiring drivers, which are
not in use and parked 90% of the time, would be traded for public self-driving taxis that would be in
near constant use.
This would also allow for getting the appropriate vehicle for the particular need —a bus could
come for a group of people, a limousine could come for a special night out, and a
Segway could come for a short trip down the street for one person. Children could be chauffeured in
supervised safety, DUIs would no longer exist, and 41,000 lives could be save death year in the U.S.
alone.
Driverless passenger car programs include the 800 million EC EUREKA Prometheus Project
on autonomous vehicles (1987-1995), the 2getthere passenger vehicles (using the FROG-navigation
technology) from the Netherlands, the ARGO research project from Italy, and the DARPA Grand
Challenge from the USA. For then wider application of artificial intelligence to automobiles smart
cars. Most autonomous vehicle projects made use of stock cars and modified them adding “smart”
hardware to create automated cars.
The advantage of using stock cars is the ease of obtaining the car through sponsors. The
stocks cars help convey the message autonomous vehicles are not science fiction anymore and these
systems can be implemented on normal cars.
“Google’s Driverless Car Draws Political Power: Internet Giant Hones Its Lobbying Skills in State
Capitols; Giving Test Drives to Lawmakers”, WSJ, 12 October 2012:
Overall, Google spent nearly $9 million in the first half of 2012 lobbying in Washington for a
wide variety of issues, including speaking to U.S. Department of Transportation officials and
4. Google Driverless Car
Dept. of ISE 2014-2015 Page 4
lawmakers about autonomous vehicle technology, according to federal records, nearing the $9.68
million it spent on lobbying in all of 2011. It is unclear how much Google has spent in total on
lobbying state officials; the company doesn’t disclose such data.
In most states, autonomous vehicles are neither prohibited nor permitted-a key reason why
Google’s fleet of autonomous cars secretly drove more than 100,000 miles on the road before the
company announced the initiative in fall 2010. Last month, Mr. Brin said he expects self-driving cars
to be publicly available within five years.
In January 2011, Mr. Goldwater approached Ms. Dondero Loop and the Nevada assembly
transportation committee about proposing a bill to direct the state’s department of motor vehicles to
draft regulations around the self-driving vehicles. “We’re not saying, ‘Put this on the road,’” he said
he told the lawmakers. “We’re saying, ‘This is legitimate technology,’ and we’re letting the DMV
test it and certify it.” Following the Nevada bill’s passage, legislators from other states began
showing interest in similar legislation. So Google repeated its original recipe and added an extra
ingredient: giving lawmakers the chance to ride in one of its about a dozen self-driving cars…In
California, an autonomous-vehicle bill became law last month despite opposition from the Alliance
of Automobile Manufacturers, which includes 12 top auto makers such as GM, BMW and Toyota.
The group had approved of the Florida bill. Dan Gage, a spokesman for the group, said the California
legislation would allow companies and individuals to modify existing vehicles with self-driving
technology that could be faulty, and that auto makers wouldn’t be legally protected from resulting
lawsuits.
“They’re not all Google, and they could convert our vehicles in a manner not intended,”
Mr. Gage said. But Google helped push the bill through after spending about $140,000 over the past
year to lobby legislators and California agencies, according to public records.
As with California’s recently enacted law, Cheh’s [Washington D.C.] bill requires that a
licensed driver be present in the driver’s seat of these vehicles. While seemingly inconsequential, this
effectively outlaws one of the more promising functions of autonomous vehicle technology: allowing
disabled people to enjoy the personal mobility that most people take for granted. Google highlighted
this benefit when one of its driverless cars drove a legally blind man to a Taco Bell. Bizarrely,
Cheh’s bill also requires that autonomous vehicles operate only on alternative fuels.
While the Google Self-Driving Car may manifest itself as an eco-conscious Prius, self-
driving vehicle technology has nothing to do with hybrids, plug-in electrics or vehicles fueled with
5. Google Driverless Car
Dept. of ISE 2014-2015 Page 5
natural gas. The technology does not depend on vehicle make or model, but Cheh is seeking to
mandate as much. That could delay the technology’s widespread adoption for no good
reason…Another flaw in Cheh’s bill is that it would impose a special tax on drivers of autonomous
vehicles. Instead of paying fuel taxes, “Owners of autonomous vehicles shall pay a vehicle-miles
travelled (VMT) fee of 1.875 cents per mile.” Administrative details aside, a VMT tax would require
drivers to install a recording device to be periodically audited by the government. There may be good
reasons to replace fuel taxes with VMT fees, but greatly restricting the use of a potentially
revolutionary new technology by singling it out for a new tax system would be a mistake.
The State of Nevada has adopted one policy approach to dealing with these technical and policy
issues. At the urging of Google, a new Nevada law directs the Nevada Department of Motor Vehicles
(NDMV) to issue regulations for the testing and possible licensing of autonomous vehicles and for
licensing the owners/drivers of these vehicles. There is also a similar law being proposed in
California with details not covered by Nevada AB 511. This paper evaluates the strengths and
weaknesses of the Nevada and California approaches
Another problem posed by the non-computer world is that human drivers frequently bend the rules
by rolling through stop signs and driving above speed limits. How does a polite and law-abiding
robot vehicle act in these situations? To solve this problem, the Google Car can be programmed for
different driving personalities, mirroring the current conditions. On one end, it would be cautious,
being more likely to yield to another car and strictly following the laws on the road. At the other end
of the spectrum, the robocar would be aggressive, where it is more likely to go first at the stop sign.
When going through a four-way intersection, for example, it yields to other vehicles based on road
rules; but if other cars don’t reciprocate, it advances a bit to show to the other drivers its intention.
However, there is a time period between a problem being diagnosed and the car being fixed. In
theory, one would disable the vehicle remotely and only start it back up when the problem is fixed.
However in reality, this would be extremely disruptive to a person’s life as they would have to tow
their vehicle to the nearest mechanic or autonomous vehicle equivalent to solve the issue. Google has
not developed the technology to approach this problem, instead relying on the human driver to take
control of the vehicle if there is ever a problem in their test vehicles this can create particularly tricky
situations such as deciding whether the police should have the right to pull over autonomous
vehicles, a question yet to be answered. Even the chief counsel of the National Highway Traffic
Safety Administration admits that the federal government does not have enough information to
determine how to regulate driverless technologies.
6. Google Driverless Car
Dept. of ISE 2014-2015 Page 6
CHAPTER 3
HISTORY
The Sebastian Thrun was invented the Google driverless car. He was director of the Stanford
Artificial Intelligence laboratory. Sebastian friends were killed in car accident, so that he decided
there should not be any accidents on the road by car. By that decision only the Google Driverless car
was invented.
Figure 1.1 Sebastian Thrun
”Our goal is to help prevent traffic accidents, free up people’s time and reduce carbon
emission by fundamentally changing car use”-Sebastian Thrun. The Google Driverless car was tested
in the year 2010; Google has tested several vehicles equipped with the system, driving 1,609
kilometers (1,000 mi) without any human intervention, in addition to 225,308 kilometers (140,000
mi) with occasional human intervention. Google expects that the increased accuracy of its automated
driving system could help reduce the number of traffic-related injuries and deaths, while using
energy and space on roadways more efficiently. It was introduced in oct-2010 and it becomes legal
in Nevada at June 2011, August 2012- Accident.
The project team has equipped a test fleet of at least eight vehicles.. The car has traversed
San Francisco's Lombard Street, famed for its steep hairpin turns and through city traffic. The
vehicles have driven over the Golden Gate Bridge and on the Pacific Coast Highway, and have
circled Lake Tahoe. The system drives at the speed limit it has stored on its maps and maintains its
distance from other vehicles using its system of sensors. The system provides an override that allows
a human driver to take control of the car by stepping on the brake or turning the wheel, similar to
cruise control systems already in cars.
7. Google Driverless Car
Dept. of ISE 2014-2015 Page 7
CHAPTER 4
COMPONENTS
4.1 LIDAR SENSOR
Figure 4.1 Lidar sensor
The LIDAR (Light detection and Ranging) sensor is a scanner. It will rotate in the circle. It is
fixed on the top of the car. In the scanner contains the 64 lasers that are send surroundings of the car
through the air. These the laser is hits objects around the car and again comes back to it. By these
known How far that objects are from the car and also it calculates the time to reach that object. These
are can see in monitor in a 3D object with the map. The monitor is fixed in front seat. “The heart of
the system generates a detailed 3D map of environment (velodyne 64- beam laser). The map
accessed from the GPRS connection.
Figure 4.1 Road
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For example , that a person was crossing the road, the LIDAR sensor will reorganized by
sending the lasers in to the air as waves and waves are disturbed these it identify as some object was
crossing and by these the car will be slow down.
4.2 RADAR SENSOR
Figure 4.2 Radar Sensor
The three RADAR sensors were fixed in front of the bumper and one in the rear bumper.
These will measures the distance to various obstacles and allow the system to reduce the speed of the
car. The back side of sensor will locates the position of the car on the map.
Figure 4.2 Front and Back side of the road
For example, when the car was travelling on the road then RADAR sensor was projected on
road from front and back side of the car.
4.3 VIDEO CAMERA
The video camera was fixed near the rear view mirror. That will detect traffic lights and any
moving objects front of the car. For example if any vehicle or traffic detected then the car will be
slow down automatically, these all will be done by the artificial intelligence software only.
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Figure 4.3 Video Camera
By that the computer will recognize moving obstacles like pedestrians and bicyclists. Its position on
the map. The position of the car can be seen on the monitor.
4.4 POSITION ESTIMATOR
Figure 4.4 Position Estimator
A sensor mounted on the left rear wheel. By these sensor only measures small movements made
by the car and helps to accurately locate its position on the map. The position of the car can be seen
on the monitor.
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CHAPTER 5
WORKING
5.1 How does it Work…?
The “driver” sets a destination. The car’s software calculates a route and starts the car on its
way. A rotating, roof-mounted LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging - a technology similar to radar)
sensor monitors a 60-meter range around the car and creates a dynamic 3D map of the car’s current
environment.
A sensor on the left rear wheel monitors sideways movement to detect the car’s position
relative to the 3-D map. Radar systems in the front and rear bumpers calculate distances to obstacles.
Artificial intelligence (AI) software in the car is connected to all the sensors and has input
from Google Street View and video cameras inside the car.
t their self-driving cars approved by the DMV.
-driving cars.
iver is suddenly needed.
Figure 5.1 Working
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CHAPTER 6
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
6.1 APPLICATIONS
The greater precision of an automatic system could improve traffic flow.
It would eliminate accidents caused by driver error.
Increasing roadway capacity by reducing the distances between cars.
The current location of vehicle can be determined using global positioning system (G.P.S).
Dramatically increases highway capacity and reduce or eliminate traffic jams.
Time will be saved in the traffic.
The car itself park at the parking area.
No license will be needed for driver because it is self-driver.
6.2 LIMITATIONS
If the vehicle is using internet which is have less security then from the hackers point of view
in some cases the vehicle can be switched off on the road(in rare cases).
Hackers can change the rout which is plotted in the system (in rare cases).
In case of failure of main sensor and backup sensors the vehicle can create a chance of
accident.
The cost of car is high.
By coming Google driverless car into the market so many taxi drivers can lose their jobs.
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CHAPTER 7
PREDICTIONS ABOUT THE FUTURE OF DRIVERLESS
CAR
Figure 7.1 Driverless Car
In a few short decades, new automotive technology might eliminate the need for drivers to
wait at red lights. It may eliminate the need for steering wheels. It may even eliminate the need for
drivers to carry licenses. Those are some of the bold predictions coming from members of the
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, which predicts that 3 of 4 cars on the road will be
driverless by 2040.
"Over the next 28 years, use of more automated technologies will spark a snowball effect of
acceptance and driverless vehicles will dominate the road," says Jeffrey Miller, an IEEE member and
associate professor at the University of Alaska Anchorage.
He notes that such technologies are already seeping into the mainstream market, including
parallel parking assist, automatic braking and even the seemingly antiquated cruise control.
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Handing over the entire scope of driving duties is another matter, but already, programs such
as Google's driverless car have completed 300,000 miles of accident-free driving and California,
Nevada and Florida have passed laws that allow autonomous vehicles on their roads.
Other predictions about the future of driverless cars from the IEEE:
No drivers' licenses will be needed. Since people of all ages and abilities can use these
vehicles, no specific driver certifications are needed. "People do not need a license to sit on a train or
bus," said Dr. Azim Eskandarian, director of the Center for Intelligent Systems Research. " ... So
there will not be any special requirements for drivers or occupants to use the vehicle as a form of
transportation."
Car-sharing programs will become more main stream. They'll take you to your destination
and then be readied for another occupant. "Since cars today are parked for more than 90 percent of
their lifetime, shred car services will promote more continuous movement, garner more efficient
operation and use less gas," said Dr. Alberto Broggi, IEEE senior member.
Infrastructure won't be prohibitive. Existing roads can already handle the advent of
autonomous vehicles. No major overhaul is needed. Broggi directed a project in 2010 that led two
driverless cars to complete an 8,000-mile trip between Italy and Shanghai.
Say farewell to red lights and stop signs. Once cars are driverless, intersections will be
equipped with sensors, cameras and radar that controls traffic flow. That will not only end collisions,
but promote fuel-efficient flow of traffic.
High-Occupancy Vehicle lanes might be replaced by Driverless Car lanes, which would not
only promote autonomous travel, but help driverless cars travel both more safely and faster, reaching
speeds of perhaps 100 mph by 2040.
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CHAPTER 8
CONCLUSION
It is so useful for the humans when driving the car. By the Google driverless car can avoid
the accidents on the roads and can reduce the traffic time at the traffic signals, can prevent the
drinking driving on the roads. The car itself can driver at night times also. At the same time so many
taxi drivers can lose their jobs.
The driver less car’s technologies improves vehicles stability helps to minimize loss of control.
Driver less cars are designed to minimize accidents by addressing the main causes of collisions:
Driving error
Distraction
Drowsiness
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CHAPTER 9
REFERENCES
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finance.html
[2] United States Department of Energy. 2005 Compare Side by Side: Fuel Economy [Internet]. Environmental
Protection Agency; 2005 [cited 2013 March 2]. Available
from: http://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/Find.do?action=sbs&id=20934
[3] United States Department of Energy. 2013 Most and Least Efficient Cars [Internet]. Environmental
Protection Agency; 2013 April 11 [cited 2013 March 1]. Available
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[4] Newman, G. A Future Filled with Driverless Cars [Internet]. Insurance Journal; 2013 Feb 11 [cited 2013
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[5] Odest Jenkins. 2013. March 26.
[6] Bertam, M., Jenkins, O., & Littman, M. Interviewed by Peseri, Alexandra. 2013. April 11.
[7] Use patterns among early adopters of adaptive cruise
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[8] Marcus, G. Moral Machines [Internet]. The New Yorker; 2012 Nov 27[cited 2013 April 15] 2012 Nov 27.
Available from:http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/newsdesk/2012/11/google-driverless-car-morality.html
[9] Wikipedia. Ernst Dickmanns [Internet]. Wikipedia; 2013 Mar 13 [cited 2013 April 11]. Available
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[10] Mariacher, E. 3 driverless cars trends in 2012 [Internet]. Blogger; 2013. Jan 2 [cited 2013 April 13].
Available from: http://driverless-cars.blogspot.com/2013/01/3-driverless-cars-trends-in-
2012.html#.UWoAenCrJ0o