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Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are defined as organisms with altered genetic material using genetic engineering techniques. GMOs are used to produce many medications, foods, and are important in scientific research and other industries. Genetic modification involves inserting, deleting, or mutating genes, often from different species, through various techniques like attaching genes to viruses or using electric pulses. Genetically modified animals are being developed for purposes like modeling human diseases, producing industrial products, making pharmaceuticals, creating hypoallergenic pets, enhancing production/food traits, and improving health.
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This document discusses molecular pharming, which uses plants or other organisms as bioreactors for producing commercially valuable products through recombinant DNA techniques. It defines molecular pharming and farming and describes the process of transforming organisms with genes for a target product and extracting the product. The history of major developments is reviewed. Advantages include low cost large-scale production, but biosafety issues include gene pollution and ensuring product safety. Containment strategies and alternative production methods aim to address these risks. Overall, molecular farming provides opportunities for economical mass production if risks to health and environment can be adequately managed.
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Rajveer Atal completed a project on genetic engineering for his class. The project focused on recent applications of genetic engineering, including genetically modified organisms (GMOs). It discussed how genetic engineering is used to modify microbes like bacteria to produce insulin, vaccines, and human growth hormone. The project also covered genetically modified crops that are engineered for pest resistance, herbicide tolerance, and increased nutrients. It summarized the development of transgenic animals and genetically engineered plants. The overall document provided an overview of some key uses and developments in genetic engineering.
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Genetic engineering involves deliberately manipulating an organism's genes to produce a desired trait. It is done by transferring genes between organisms, such as inserting a gene from one species into a plasmid and introducing that plasmid into a host cell. Genetically modified foods have been produced since the 1990s and include soybeans, corn, canola, and tomatoes. While GM foods aim to create crops with advantages like pest resistance and increased yields, some argue they pose environmental and health risks.
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1. Biopharming involves the production of therapeutic proteins through transgenic animals and offers advantages over conventional production methods like lower costs, higher yields, and proper post-translational modifications.
2. The mammary gland is often used for expression since milk can be easily collected and purified. Therapeutic proteins are commonly expressed at grams per liter of milk.
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1. Biopharming involves the production of therapeutic proteins through transgenic animals and offers advantages over conventional production methods like lower costs, higher yields, and proper post-translational modifications.
2. The mammary gland is often used for expression since milk can be easily collected and purified. Therapeutic proteins are commonly expressed at grams per liter of milk.
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A. Recombinant DNA/ Genetic Engineering
B. Applications of Genetic Engineering
1. Researches on Human Genes
2. Researches on Animal Genes
3. Researches on Plant Genes
4. Researches on Microbial Genes
C. The Release of Genetically Engineered Organisms
1. Biosafety and Ecological Implications
1.1 Potential Ecological Concerns
1.2 Regulatory Policies
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Biopharmaceuticals can be produced in living systems like plants for therapeutic purposes. The use of plants can be more practical, safe and economical than other biological systems for producing proteins. Plants offer advantages for producing proteins through post-translational modification and are capable of glycosylation without assistance. Genetic engineering allows the insertion of DNA encoding a desired protein into plant cells to produce pharmaceutical proteins through transformation techniques like Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation or biolistics. Proteins produced in plants can be used for applications like antibodies, vaccines, hormones and enzymes.
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- Genetic engineering is used to isolate, modify, and insert genes from one species into another to create transgenes and transgenic organisms.
- Examples of agricultural transgenics currently on the market include herbicide resistant and insect resistant crops.
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A Transgenic animal is one that carries a foreign gene that has been deliberately inserted into its genome.
The foreign gene are inserted into the germ line of the animal, so it can be transmitted to the progeny.
Transgenic animals are animals that are genetically altered to have traits that mimic symptoms of specific human pathologies.
They provide genetic model of various human disease which are important in understanding disease and development of new target.
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Biotechnology tools and products are useful in animal health research, agriculture, and veterinary medicine. Some key applications include:
1. Biotechnology-derived veterinary vaccines like recombinant vaccines which use genetic engineering to produce antigens without infectious agents. DNA vaccines are another type that use only DNA from pathogens.
2. Veterinary diagnostic systems using techniques like DNA/RNA probes and PCR for fast, sensitive, and specific disease diagnosis directly from samples.
3. Biotechnology-derived therapeutics including gene-deleted vaccines which use genetically engineered pathogens lacking virulence genes to induce immunity safely.
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This document discusses the history and process of genetic engineering. It begins by defining genetic engineering as any process that changes genetic material to produce new substances or functions. It then provides background on the discovery of DNA and genes in the 1950s. The document goes on to explain that genetic engineering involves combining DNA from different organisms to create recombinant DNA that can function in a host cell. It describes key techniques and tools used in genetic engineering like vectors, host cells, and enzymes. The document summarizes several important applications of genetic engineering like producing insulin, growth hormones, and treating diseases. It also discusses approaches for gene therapy and the first gene therapy treatment. Finally, the document outlines both potential benefits and ethical concerns of genetic engineering.
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Lecture 13: Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology
A. Recombinant DNA/ Genetic Engineering
B. Applications of Genetic Engineering
1. Researches on Human Genes
2. Researches on Animal Genes
3. Researches on Plant Genes
4. Researches on Microbial Genes
C. The Release of Genetically Engineered Organisms
1. Biosafety and Ecological Implications
1.1 Potential Ecological Concerns
1.2 Regulatory Policies
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Recombinant DNA technology involves isolating a gene of interest and inserting it into a plasmid or bacterial chromosome. The modified bacteria can then be used to produce therapeutic proteins, vaccines, diagnose and screen for genetic diseases, and conduct gene therapy and DNA fingerprinting. Agricultural applications include creating herbicide-tolerant, pest-resistant, drought-tolerant and nutritionally enhanced crops. Environmental studies use recombinant DNA to identify microbes and study their roles.
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Biopharmaceuticals can be produced in living systems like plants for therapeutic purposes. The use of plants can be more practical, safe and economical than other biological systems for producing proteins. Plants offer advantages for producing proteins through post-translational modification and are capable of glycosylation without assistance. Genetic engineering allows the insertion of DNA encoding a desired protein into plant cells to produce pharmaceutical proteins through transformation techniques like Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation or biolistics. Proteins produced in plants can be used for applications like antibodies, vaccines, hormones and enzymes.
Applications of genetic engineering in medicine
Genetic engineering can be used for several medical applications including gene therapy, producing monoclonal antibodies, diagnosing genetic disorders, and developing vaccines and pharmaceutical products. Recombinant DNA technology allows genes to be cut from one organism and introduced into another, altering the recipient's genotype and phenotype. Some examples of genetic engineering applications are gene therapy to treat genetic disorders, using monoclonal antibodies to treat cancer, DNA fingerprinting for identification, and producing antigens for vaccines.
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This document discusses applications of genetic technologies including recombinant protein production, transgenic plants, and transgenic animals. Recombinant DNA technology is used to produce proteins like insulin on a large scale by inserting genes into bacteria or other hosts. Transgenic plants are created by inserting foreign genes to improve traits like disease resistance or nutritional quality. Transgenic animals carry inserted genes to increase growth rates, improve disease resistance, or produce recombinant proteins in milk. Examples of transgenic crops and animals are also provided.
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The document provides definitions and explanations of key concepts related to transgenics including:
- Transgenics are organisms containing genes from another species introduced through biotechnology methods.
- Genetic engineering is used to isolate, modify, and insert genes from one species into another to create transgenes and transgenic organisms.
- Examples of agricultural transgenics currently on the market include herbicide resistant and insect resistant crops.
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The document discusses genetic engineering and genetically modified organisms (GMOs). It defines genetic engineering as the direct modification of an organism's genome through techniques like inserting, replacing or removing genes. This allows scientists to modify traits. Some key points:
- The first GMOs were bacteria in 1973, mice in 1974, and commercial GMO development began with insulin-producing bacteria in 1982.
- Common GMO crops include 93% of soybeans, 93% of cotton and 86% of corn grown in the US. One example is Bt-corn which produces a toxin harmful to insects.
- GMOs can be engineered for traits like insect or herbicide resistance, increased yield, or improved nutrition. Concer
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This document discusses the potential for transgenic plants to serve as a source of biopharmaceuticals. It begins by introducing the topic and providing background. It then discusses different types of pharmaceutical crops and gives examples of transgenic plants that have been engineered to produce vaccines, antibodies, and other therapeutic proteins. Several tables provide details on proteins expressed in transgenic plants, plant-derived secondary metabolites with pharmaceutical value, and advantages of transgenic plants as protein expression systems. The document concludes by discussing future perspectives, including continued improvement in production levels and costs as understanding increases, as well as the need to address regulatory issues to demonstrate safety for human therapeutic applications of plant-derived molecules.
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This document discusses transgenic plants that can be used to produce vaccines. It defines vaccines and describes how they can be prophylactic or therapeutic. An ideal vaccine should be non-toxic, cause few side effects, not contaminate the environment, and be simple and cheap to administer. Transgenic plants are genetically engineered to express vaccine antigens from bacterial and viral pathogens. Producing vaccines in plants can be less costly than other methods. When expressed in edible parts of plants, vaccines may not require purification and can be orally administered. The document describes the mechanism of mucosal and systemic immune response stimulation from oral vaccination using plant-produced vaccines. It also discusses methods for developing edible vaccines and transforming DNA into plants.
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This document discusses genetically modified organisms (GMOs). It defines a GMO as an organism whose genetic material has been altered using biotechnology. This allows genes to be transferred between species in a way that does not occur naturally. The document outlines both potential advantages and disadvantages of GMOs. Advantages include increased resistance to pests and environmental stresses, higher yields, and helping address issues like food scarcity. Disadvantages include possible allergic reactions and concerns about environmental impacts. The document concludes by arguing that GMOs can help improve food security and that with proper regulation, their benefits can outweigh risks to human health and the environment.
Genetic Engineering
This presentation discusses genetic engineering and was presented by a group of 4 students in the Environmental Science department. It defines genetic engineering as manually adding new DNA to an organism. It provides examples of genetically engineered plants and discusses the history and basic concepts of genetic engineering. The presentation explains the process of genetic engineering including extracting DNA from one organism and inserting it into another. It compares genetic engineering to traditional breeding and discusses applications like transgenic organisms and cloning.
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Introduction to Animal Biotechnology
1. The history of biotechnology can be divided into 3 stages - ancient, classical, and modern. Ancient biotech involved early applications related to food and shelter. Classical biotech built on these techniques and promoted fermentation. Modern biotech manipulates genetic information through techniques like genetic engineering.
2. Biotechnology has 5 main branches - animal, medical, environmental, industrial, and plant. Animal biotech improves livestock through techniques like artificial insemination, cloning, and transgenic animals. Medical biotech develops drugs and treatments.
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This document provides an overview of biotechnology, including its definition, history, modern applications like genetic engineering, DNA fingerprinting, plant tissue culture, and cloning. It discusses techniques like recombinant DNA technology and how genetically engineered plants and bacteria can be used to produce things like insulin. Examples are given of agricultural, industrial, medical, and environmental applications of biotechnology. Potential limitations regarding genetically engineered foods impacting health and the environment are also noted.
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A Transgenic animal is one that carries a foreign gene that has been deliberately inserted into its genome.
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Transgenic animals are animals that are genetically altered to have traits that mimic symptoms of specific human pathologies.
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This document discusses the production of transgenic animals and plants. It describes three main methods for producing transgenic animals: DNA microinjection, retrovirus-mediated gene transfer, and embryonic stem cell-mediated gene transfer. It also discusses 11 methods for transforming plants, including Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, biolistic transformation, and floral dip transformation. Finally, it lists some beneficial traits that have been engineered in transgenic plants, such as stress tolerance, herbicide tolerance, and increased nutritional quality.
Introduction to health biotechnology
Biotechnology uses living organisms or processes to develop products for human welfare. It includes green biotechnology for agriculture, red biotechnology for medicine, blue biotechnology for aquatic applications, and white biotechnology for industrial uses. Red biotechnology, also called health biotechnology, utilizes biotechnology in medicine through techniques like drug production, pharmacogenomics, gene therapy, and tissue engineering. These applications are improving healthcare by developing new medicines and therapies, personalizing drug treatment, correcting genetic defects, and engineering replacement tissues.
Genetics and Inheritence: Genetic Engineering
The document discusses genetic engineering and genetically modified organisms. It begins with an introduction to genetics and inheritance, then defines genetic engineering as manipulating an organism's genetic material to produce new traits. It provides examples of transgenic organisms which have genetic material transferred between species. The document also discusses the importance of genetic engineering in medicine through producing insulin and vaccines, and its role in agriculture by developing resistant and higher yielding crops. It concludes with descriptions of cloning processes.
KnockOut mouse technology By Bikash karki
The document summarizes the process of creating a knockout mouse through genetic engineering techniques. Key points:
- Knockout mice are created by "knocking out" or inactivating specific genes in embryonic stem cells taken from early mouse embryos.
- There are two main methods - homologous recombination, which precisely replaces a gene with an inactive version, and gene trapping, which randomly inserts DNA to disrupt gene function.
- Genetically modified stem cells are injected into mouse blastocysts to generate chimeric mice, and breeding is used to produce mice that are homozygous for the knocked out gene. Studying these mice helps reveal the function of the targeted gene.
Biotechnology karnataka puc
Biotechnology can be summarized as follows:
1. It uses living organisms or their components to develop useful products. This includes genetically modifying microbes, plants and animals.
2. Key branches include genetic engineering, tissue culture, DNA fingerprinting and gene therapy. Genetic engineering is used to create GMOs by transferring genes between organisms.
3. Important tools for genetic engineering include vectors, restriction enzymes, DNA ligases, and host cells used to replicate recombinant DNA. This allows genes of interest to be isolated and transferred to create GMOs.
Genetical Engineering
This document provides an overview of genetic engineering. It begins with definitions of key terms like genes, DNA, and genetically modified organisms. It then describes the basic 5-step process of genetic engineering: isolation of the desired gene, cutting with restriction enzymes, insertion into a vector, transformation of a host cell, and expression of the new gene. Examples are given of genetic engineering applications for creating plants resistant to herbicides and animals that produce human proteins. Potential risks discussed include effects on human health, biodiversity, and animal welfare. The document concludes by questioning if genetic engineering is ready for its consequences.
G.E pillai aswathy viswanath
Genetic engineering, also called genetic modification, is used to add new traits to organisms that do not naturally occur. The document discusses various applications of genetic engineering including in agriculture, medicine, and genetic studies. In agriculture, genetic engineering has been used to develop crops with traits like virus resistance, insect resistance, and herbicide tolerance. In medicine, genetic engineering is being used to produce human insulin, growth hormone, vaccines, and interferons. It is also being explored for gene therapy applications.
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Role Of Transgenic Animal In Target Validation-1.pptx
Role Of Transgenic Animal In Target Validation-1.pptx
Role Of Transgenic Animal In Target Validation-1.pptx
Role Of Transgenic Animal In Target Validation-1.pptx
Principal of genetic engineering & its applications
Principal of genetic engineering & its applications
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Gmo
- 1. ANIMALS GMO By Nabaa al wazen
- 2. Genetically modified organism • is any organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques (i.e., a genetically engineered organism). • GMOs are used to produce many medications and genetically modified foods and are widely used in scientific research and the production of other goods.
- 3. • GMOs (specifically, "any living organism that possesses a novel combination of genetic material obtained through the use of modern biotechnology").
- 4. • Genetic modification involves the mutation, insertion, or deletion of genes. Inserted genes usually come from a different species in a form of horizontal gene-transfer. In nature this can occur when exogenous DNA penetrates the cell membrane for any reason. This can be accomplished artificially by: • attaching the genes to a virus. • physically inserting the extra DNA into the nucleus of the intended host with a very small syringe. • using electroporation (that is, introducing DNA from one organism into the cell of another by use of an electric pulse). • firing small particles from a gene gun.
- 8. • Genetically modified animals currently being developed can be placed into six different broad classes based on the intended purpose of the genetic modification: • to research human diseases (for example, to develop animal models for these diseases); • to produce industrial or consumer products (fibres for multiple uses); • to produce products intended for human therapeutic use (pharmaceutical products or tissue for implantation); • to enrich or enhance the animals' interactions with humans (hypo- allergenic pets); • to enhance production or food quality traits (faster growing fish, pigs that digest food more efficiently); • to improve animal health (disease resistance