This document discusses applications of genetic technologies including recombinant protein production, transgenic plants, and transgenic animals. Recombinant DNA technology is used to produce proteins like insulin on a large scale by inserting genes into bacteria or other hosts. Transgenic plants are created by inserting foreign genes to improve traits like disease resistance or nutritional quality. Transgenic animals carry inserted genes to increase growth rates, improve disease resistance, or produce recombinant proteins in milk. Examples of transgenic crops and animals are also provided.

1. “Applications of
Genetic Technologies”
Presented By:
Mufassara Fatima
13151507-002

2. Biotechnology
• Biotechnology:
Biotechnology is the use of biological processes, organisms, or
systems to manufacture products intended to improve the
quality of human life.

3. Uses of Genetic Technologies
•Recombinant Protein Production
•Transgenic Plants
•Transgenic Animals

4. Recombinant Protein Production
• Industrial production of proteins on large scale by using
Recombinant DNA technology.
Recombinant DNA technology:
• Known as Genetic Engineering.
• Recombinant DNA technology procedures by which DNA
from different species can be isolated, cut and spliced
together.
• New “Recombinant " molecules are then multiplied in
quantity in populations of rapidly dividing cells (e.g. bacteria,
yeast).

5. E.coli & Eukaryotes as Host
• Well-established gene structure
• Faster growth rate
• Easy to cultivate and handle
• Final product is unstable and difficult to
purify
• As a result Eukaryotic host such as yeast,
cells of insect and mammals are found to be
more useful.

6. Bacterial cell
Bacterial
chromosome
Plasmid
Gene of interest
DNA containing
gene of interest
Isolate plasmid.
Enzymatically cleave
DNA into fragments.
Isolate fragment
with the gene of
interest.
Insert gene into plasmid.
Insert plasmid and gene into
bacterium.
Culture bacteria.
Harvest copies of
gene to insert into
plants or animals
Harvest proteins
coded by gene
Eliminate
undesirable
phenotypic
traits
Produce vaccines,
antibiotics,
hormones, or
enzymes
Create
beneficial
combination
of traits
How Recombinant Technology works??

7. Recombinant Protein
• Drugs for various human diseases.
• Insulin produced for diabetes.
• Alpha 1- antitrypsin in treating emphysema.
• Calcitonin to treat rickets.
• Interferon to treat viral infections and cancer.
• Factor VIII for haemophilia.
• Production of growth hormone to act against
growth retardation.
• Chorionic gonadotropins in the treatment of
infertility.

8. Recombinant Enzymes
• The industrial manufactured enzymes occupy a vital
position in the food industry.
• The recombinant enzymes like rennin and lipase are
used in cheese making.
• The role of alpha- amylase in beer industry.
• The antioxidant property of the industrially
produced enzyme catalase.
• The use of protease in detergents.

9. Transgenic Plants
• Trans genesis : The process of introducing an exogenous gene called
a transgene into a living organisms by using a number of genetic
engineering techniques so that the organism will exhibit a new
property and transmit that property to its offspring.
• Transgenic Plants : The plants which expresses the characters coded
by the transgene are called Transgenic plants.

10. Need of Plant Transformation

11. Transgenic
Plants
Transgenic tomatoes –
expressing
different
malarial
antigens

12. Transgenic
Plants
Delivery of a corn-
based edible vaccine
Transgenic
corn kernels (a)
Corn snack (b)
or
Embryo or germ cells
(c)

13. Transgenic
Plants
Tearless
Onion

14. Transgenic
Plants
Blue Roses

15. Transgenic Animals
• A Transgenic animal is one that carries
a foreign gene that has been deliberately
inserted into its genome.
• The foreign gene is constructed using
recombinant DNA methodology

16. Need of Transgenic Animals
• Increased growth rate.
• Improved disease resistance.
• Improved food conversion rates.
• Increased muscle mass.
• Improved nutritional quality.
• Improved wool quality.
• Transgenic animals used for screening of many drugs.
• Using of transgenic animals reduce number of
experimental animals during testing.

17. Transgenic
Cow
Transgenic cows
carrying extra
copies of two
types of casein
genes produce
13% more milk
protein.

18. Transgenic
Fish
Transgenic Fish can
grow up to 6 times
faster than wild type
fish.
Most have extra
copies of growth
hormone (GH) gene.

19. Transgenic
Sheep
Tracy is the
first transgenic
animal to
produce a
recombinant
protein in her
milk.

20. Transgenic
Monkeys
• Its so similar to
human hence it
used in clinical
trail used for
studying :
1. HIV
2.Huntington’s
disease

21. References
• http://www.biotechnologyforums.com/thread-1792.html
• http://www.slideshare.net/SECBIO/genetic-engineering-
13933607
• http://www.dnalc.org/view/15476-Genetic-engineering-
inserting-new-DNA-into-a-plasmid-vector-3D-
animation-with-with-basic-narration.html
• http://faculty.plattsburgh.edu/donald.slish/Transformatio
n.htm
• http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK21632/