This lecture is about "Genetic Engineering" presented by Rufia Abbas, she from Karachi, Sindh Pakistan. For video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=88KzUyJMo_4

1. Genetic Engineering
Presented by rufia abbas

2. What is genetic engineering???
Genetic engineering: is the artificial
manipulation or alteration of genes.
Genetic Engineering involves:
• Removing a gene (target gene) from one
organism
• Inserting target gene into DNA of another
organism
• ‘cut and paste’ process.
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3. Some important terms!!!
Recombinant DNA: the altered DNA is called
recombinant DNA ( recombines after small section of
DNA inserted into it).
Genetically Modified Organism (GMO):
A genetically modified organism (GMO) is an animal,
plant, or microbe whose DNA has been altered using
genetic engineering techniques
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4. Genetic Engineering breaks the
species barrier!!!
• Genetic engineering allows DNA from different
species to be join together.
This often results in combination of DNA that would
never be possible in nature .
•
If DNA is transferred from one species to another the
organism that receives the DNA is said to be transgenic.
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5. Genetic engineering breaks the species
barrier!!!
• Examples of cross-species transfer of genes:
- A human gene inserted into a bacterium
- A human gene inserted into another animal
- A bacterial gene placed in a plant
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6. Applications of Genetic Engineering
You must know three applications: one involving a plant,
one animal and one for a micro-organism.
Plants:Weed killer-resistant crops
• Many types of crop plants have bacterial genes
added to them.
• These genes make the plants resistant to certain
weed killers (herbicides).
• This means that the weed killers kill the weeds but
do not affect the transgenic plants.
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7. Applications of Genetic Engineering
Animals:
There is a growing trend to experiment with inserting
human genes into the DNA of other mammals. The
transgenic animals formed in this way will then produce a
human protein and secrete it into their milk or even into
their eggs.
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8. Applications of Genetic Engineering
Animals:Sheep produce human clotting factor
• A human gene has been inserted into the DNA of
sheep.
• This allows the adult sheep to produce a clotting
chemical needed by haemophiliacs to clot their blood
– produced in the milk of the sheep.
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9. Applications of Genetic Engineering
Micro-organisms:Bacteria make insulin
• The human insulin gene has been inserted into a
bacterium (E-coli).
•
This allows the bacterium to produce insulin for use
by diabetics.
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10. Ethical Issues in genetic engineering
ThereleaseofGMO’sintotheenvironment:
• Danger of possibility of GMO’s being released into
the environment.
• GMO’s grown in bioreactors do not provoke as
much fear.
• GMO’s grown outdoors - fears of foreign genes
they contain being spread to other plants.
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11. Ethical Issues in Genetic Engineering
AnimalWelfare:
• There is serious concern that animals will suffer as a
result of being genetically modified.
• use of growth hormones may cause limb deformation
and arthritis as animals grow.
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12. Ethical Issues in Genetic Engineering
GeneticEngineeringinHumans:
• Human genetic engineering is used to treat
genetic disorders and cancer …
• Although ,this has not be done today,
genetically engineering has the potential of
creating new types of human being with many
advantageous traits.
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