Glass manufacturing and types
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
0 likes•393 views
it shows history about how glass is discovered and manufactured its modern day uses as there is much these days.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Glass
This presentation is all about Glass, its properties,the raw materials used in glass, the manufacturing process for making glasses and then different types of glasses and their properties. :)
Glass manufacturing
The document discusses the manufacturing process for glass. It begins with an introduction to glass and its properties. It then outlines the raw materials used, including sand, soda ash, calcium oxide and others. The process involves four main steps: melting the raw materials in a furnace at high temperatures; fabricating the molten glass into an article using methods like blowing or casting; annealing the article by slowly cooling it to relieve internal stresses; and applying finishing treatments like bending, cutting or silvering. Key agents in the process include network formers, modifiers and oxidizing agents to control the glass composition and properties.
Flat glass products & float manufacture2007
Slides from my lecture given to 2nd year students in Architecture at the University of Sheffield UK in 2007
Glass in Materials Science
Glass is an inorganic product of fusion that has cooled to a rigid condition without crystallizing. Glass is typically hard and brittle, and has a conchoidal fracture. A glass may be colorless or colored. It is usually transparent, but may be made translucent or opaque (such as in white, opal glass). Objects made of glass are loosely and popularly referred to as glass; such as glass for a tumbler, a barometer, a window, a magnifier, or a mirror. The subject of studying glass in materials science is an important part.
Presentation on glass manufacturing
This presentation provides an overview of the manufacturing process at Nasir Glass Industries Limited (NGIL) in Bangladesh. It discusses the objectives, introduction, mission, vision, and products of NGIL. It then describes the key steps in glass production, including obtaining raw materials, batching in the control room, melting in the regenerative furnace, floating on molten tin, annealing to reduce stress, automated cutting and finishing, and final products. The goal is to increase understanding of industrial glass manufacturing.
Float Glass Manufacturing Process
Glass has emerged as one of the favoured materials in architecture and interior design be it a window, a door, a façade and much more..
AIS, India's leading integrated glass manufacturer, takes you through the complete process of manufacturing of glass in just 6 steps. #Infographic
glass.pptx
Glass is a hard, brittle substance that is typically transparent or translucent. It has no definite melting point, but softens and becomes viscous above its glass transition temperature. Chemically, glass is a non-crystalline fused mixture of silicates and other compounds. Glass is characterized by its hardness, transparency, refractive index, and low thermal and electrical conductivity. Common types of glass include soda-lime glass, borosilicate glass, and fiberglass. Glass is manufactured through heating raw materials such as silica sand, soda ash, and limestone, then rapidly cooling the melted substance. Proper annealing is required to relieve internal stresses from the manufacturing process.
Glass
Glass is an amorphous solid made by rapidly cooling molten materials such as silica, soda ash, limestone, and lead. It has no definite melting point and softens over a range of temperatures. Glass is produced through melting and refining raw materials, forming the molten glass through various techniques like pressing or blowing, heat treating for strength and annealing, and finishing the surface. The main types of glass are soda-lime glass which is low-cost but not acid resistant, lead glass which has high refractive index, and borosilicate glass which is heat and chemically resistant. Recent developments include bioactive glass for bone repair and replacement.
Recommended
Glass
This presentation is all about Glass, its properties,the raw materials used in glass, the manufacturing process for making glasses and then different types of glasses and their properties. :)
Glass manufacturing
The document discusses the manufacturing process for glass. It begins with an introduction to glass and its properties. It then outlines the raw materials used, including sand, soda ash, calcium oxide and others. The process involves four main steps: melting the raw materials in a furnace at high temperatures; fabricating the molten glass into an article using methods like blowing or casting; annealing the article by slowly cooling it to relieve internal stresses; and applying finishing treatments like bending, cutting or silvering. Key agents in the process include network formers, modifiers and oxidizing agents to control the glass composition and properties.
Flat glass products & float manufacture2007
Slides from my lecture given to 2nd year students in Architecture at the University of Sheffield UK in 2007
Glass in Materials Science
Glass is an inorganic product of fusion that has cooled to a rigid condition without crystallizing. Glass is typically hard and brittle, and has a conchoidal fracture. A glass may be colorless or colored. It is usually transparent, but may be made translucent or opaque (such as in white, opal glass). Objects made of glass are loosely and popularly referred to as glass; such as glass for a tumbler, a barometer, a window, a magnifier, or a mirror. The subject of studying glass in materials science is an important part.
Presentation on glass manufacturing
This presentation provides an overview of the manufacturing process at Nasir Glass Industries Limited (NGIL) in Bangladesh. It discusses the objectives, introduction, mission, vision, and products of NGIL. It then describes the key steps in glass production, including obtaining raw materials, batching in the control room, melting in the regenerative furnace, floating on molten tin, annealing to reduce stress, automated cutting and finishing, and final products. The goal is to increase understanding of industrial glass manufacturing.
Float Glass Manufacturing Process
Glass has emerged as one of the favoured materials in architecture and interior design be it a window, a door, a façade and much more..
AIS, India's leading integrated glass manufacturer, takes you through the complete process of manufacturing of glass in just 6 steps. #Infographic
glass.pptx
Glass is a hard, brittle substance that is typically transparent or translucent. It has no definite melting point, but softens and becomes viscous above its glass transition temperature. Chemically, glass is a non-crystalline fused mixture of silicates and other compounds. Glass is characterized by its hardness, transparency, refractive index, and low thermal and electrical conductivity. Common types of glass include soda-lime glass, borosilicate glass, and fiberglass. Glass is manufactured through heating raw materials such as silica sand, soda ash, and limestone, then rapidly cooling the melted substance. Proper annealing is required to relieve internal stresses from the manufacturing process.
Glass
Glass is an amorphous solid made by rapidly cooling molten materials such as silica, soda ash, limestone, and lead. It has no definite melting point and softens over a range of temperatures. Glass is produced through melting and refining raw materials, forming the molten glass through various techniques like pressing or blowing, heat treating for strength and annealing, and finishing the surface. The main types of glass are soda-lime glass which is low-cost but not acid resistant, lead glass which has high refractive index, and borosilicate glass which is heat and chemically resistant. Recent developments include bioactive glass for bone repair and replacement.
aluminium production process
The document discusses the two primary processes used to produce aluminum: the Bayer process and the Hall-Héroult process. The Bayer process extracts alumina (aluminum oxide) from bauxite ore. The Hall-Héroult process then uses electrolysis to reduce alumina into molten aluminum metal. It involves dissolving alumina in a molten cryolite bath and using carbon anodes and iron cathodes to apply a current and separate the aluminum ions from oxygen. This produces pure aluminum metal at the cathode and consumes the carbon anode.
Glass industry presentation
Glass is made by melting raw materials such as sand, soda ash, and limestone in furnaces at high temperatures. The molten glass is shaped and formed, then annealed to reduce internal stresses before finishing. Common glass types include float glass, light bulbs, and tubing made through processes like floating and tube drawing. Specialty glasses include fused silica, borosilicate, and tempered safety glass used in applications ranging from windows to electronics.
Extraction of Aluminum (Al)
The document summarizes the process of primary aluminum production. It involves two main steps:
1) Production of alumina (Al2O3) from bauxite ore using the Bayer process, which involves leaching the ore with sodium hydroxide followed by precipitation and calcination.
2) Electrolytic decomposition of the alumina in a cryolite bath using the Hall-Héroult process, where the alumina dissolves and aluminum plates out on the cathode. Large amounts of electric power are required. Additives such as calcium fluoride are used to reduce the melting point of the cryolite electrolyte.
Alumina MANUFACTURING PROCESS
This presentation discusses alumina, its manufacturing process, properties, and applications. Alumina, also known as aluminum oxide, is a widely used ceramic material that is the starting point for producing aluminum metal. It is produced through the Bayer process, which refines bauxite ore containing 40-60% alumina. Alumina has high strength, hardness, thermal conductivity, and resistance to acids and bases. It is used as an abrasive, catalyst, purifying agent, and filler in products like plastics, cosmetics, paints, and fibers due to its properties.
aluminium extraction
Aluminum is a lightweight metal that is widely used due to its properties and extraction process. It can be extracted from bauxite ore through the Bayer process, which involves dissolving the aluminum-containing minerals in sodium hydroxide to produce alumina, which is then electrolyzed to produce aluminum metal. Aluminum is commonly used in alloys to improve strength and is applied in transportation and construction due to its corrosion resistance, electrical conductivity, and high strength to weight ratio.
Raw materials & cullet
This document discusses raw materials and recycling used in glass production. It provides details on:
- The batch mixture of raw materials that forms the basis for glass melt properties.
- Important considerations for raw material selection including chemical composition, purity, and melting characteristics.
- Common raw materials used including minerals, chemicals, and cullet for network formers and modifiers.
- Specific raw material sources for important components like silica, alkalis, lime, and magnesia.
7. glass making
The document discusses the manufacturing process for glass. It begins by describing the composition of glass, which consists mainly of silica sand, soda ash, and lime. The document then outlines the basic process for glass production, which involves mixing the raw materials, melting them at high temperatures, forming the molten glass into shapes, and annealing to strengthen the final products. Several common shaping processes for different glass products are also summarized, including processes for pieceware, flat glass, tubing, and fibers.
Ceramics
Ceramics are nonmetallic materials made by firing clay and other materials like silicates and metal oxides. Ceramics have been made since prehistoric times and the modern ceramics industry produces a wide range of structural materials and products. The ceramics industry relies on raw materials like clay, silica, and feldspar which are formed and fired through processes like grinding, shaping, drying, glazing, and firing to produce final ceramic goods.
Silica & its applications
Brisil is a leading manufacturer of Silica; addressing the problem of rice husk ash utilization. Brisil engages with rice husk & rice husk ash-producing industries and sets up the plants based on the technology.
Brisil produces & supplies rice husk ash based green precipitated silica, highly dispersible silica and other chemicals for all major applications including tires, rubber, toothpaste, paints, plastics etc.
Non ferrous metals properties
The document discusses various non-ferrous metals, including their properties and common applications. It describes how aluminum, titanium, magnesium and refractory metals are used in structural applications requiring strength and heat resistance. It also explains that precious metals like gold, silver and platinum are chosen for electrical applications, jewelry and their luster, while base metals such as copper, tin, zinc, chromium and nickel are often used for plating, coatings and alloys to imbue other materials with properties like conductivity, corrosion resistance and hardness.
Aluminium Processing,Properties and Application
Aluminium is an element in the boron group with symbol Al and atomic number 13
Aluminium is so called because it is a base of “alum,” which in turn is derived from the Latin for “bitter salt.”
Aluminium is the second most plentiful metallic element on earth; an estimated 8.3% of the earth crust is composed of aluminium.
Glass industry
more chemistry contents are available
1. pdf file on Termmate: https://www.termmate.com/rabia.aziz
2. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKxWnNdskGHnZFS0h1QRTEA
3. Facebook: https://web.facebook.com/Chemist.Rabia.Aziz/
4. Blogger: https://chemistry-academy.blogspot.com/
Glass
Safety glasses
Photo chromic glasses
Photographic lenses
Glass Industries In Pakistan
Fiberglass ppt
This document provides information on fiberglass production including:
1) There are four main methods for producing fiberglass: hand lay-up, spray lay-up, pultrusion, and chopped strand mat.
2) Fiberglass was accidentally discovered in the 1930s and was used as a replacement for plywood in aircraft during World War II.
3) The document focuses on Mahavir Enterprise, a manufacturer of fiberglass sheets in India, and describes their production process, applications, and health and safety considerations.
Introduction to refractory materials
Some more informations about refractory materials and also have some descriptions about high grade refractory materials.
Polyamide extrusion
This document provides guidelines for processing polyamide extrusion. It discusses how to properly handle moisture in polyamide resins to avoid issues in extrusion like foaming and breakdown. The appropriate screw design parameters and temperature settings for polyamide extrusion are covered. Post-treatment options for polyamide films are discussed, though they provide little additional benefit due to polyamide's inherently good properties. Common applications for polyamide films include food packaging and agricultural films.
Polyvinylchloride(PVC).
Pvc was discovered in the 19th century and developed commercially in the early 20th century. It is made through the polymerization of vinyl chloride, which is synthesized from ethylene. Pvc has a linear structure and is a hard, rigid white solid. It has applications in building materials like pipes and windows, packaging, wire insulation, and automotive and medical products due to its resistance to chemicals, moisture, and fire.
Presentation on glass fiber
This document summarizes information about glass fiber, including its history, manufacturing process, properties, applications, and end products. Glass fiber is made of extremely fine glass fibers and is produced through a process of heating and drawing glass into fibers. It has good strength, durability, and electrical resistivity. Major applications of glass fiber include composites for transportation, electronics, construction, infrastructure, aerospace, and medical products. Glass fiber has comparable mechanical properties to carbon fiber but is cheaper and less brittle. It has a bright future due to its unique physical properties.
Glass fiber in modern world
A brief presentation on Glass fiber by students of Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology (AUST)
Metals ferrous and nonferrous
This document provides information on non-ferrous metals. It begins by defining non-ferrous metals as metals that do not contain iron. Examples of non-ferrous metals given include aluminum, copper, zinc, tin, lead, silver, gold, and magnesium. The document then provides details on these different non-ferrous metals, including their properties, common uses, and melting points. It also discusses non-ferrous metal alloys such as brass, bronze, and solder. In addition, the document covers electroplating and anodizing as surface treatment processes for metals.
Ceramics industry
more chemistry contents are available
1. pdf file on Termmate: https://www.termmate.com/rabia.aziz
2. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKxWnNdskGHnZFS0h1QRTEA
3. Facebook: https://web.facebook.com/Chemist.Rabia.Aziz/
4. Blogger: https://chemistry-academy.blogspot.com/
Ceramics manufacture process, properties, uses and classification
GLASS_LECTURE-1.pptx
Glass is made by melting raw materials like sand, soda ash, and limestone in a furnace at high temperatures. It is then formed into shapes and annealed by slow cooling. Glass has various properties like being transparent, brittle, and a good insulator. Common types of glass used in construction include float glass, sheet glass, wired glass, reflective glass, insulating glass, and safety glass like laminated and toughened glass. Glass bricks are also used. Tinted glass comes in various colors and is used to control heat and glare.
Glass In Construction
This document provides information on different types of glass, their manufacturing processes, and applications. It discusses float glass, clear glass, soda lime glass, and other types classified by their manufacturing process. It also covers post-application processes like coated glass, laminated glass, and strengthened glass. The key components of soda lime glass are listed as silica, sodium, calcium, magnesium, alumina, and potassium. The document explains the manufacturing method of melting, forming, and controlled cooling or annealing. Joinery and bonding of glass is also addressed.
More Related Content
What's hot
aluminium production process
The document discusses the two primary processes used to produce aluminum: the Bayer process and the Hall-Héroult process. The Bayer process extracts alumina (aluminum oxide) from bauxite ore. The Hall-Héroult process then uses electrolysis to reduce alumina into molten aluminum metal. It involves dissolving alumina in a molten cryolite bath and using carbon anodes and iron cathodes to apply a current and separate the aluminum ions from oxygen. This produces pure aluminum metal at the cathode and consumes the carbon anode.
Glass industry presentation
Glass is made by melting raw materials such as sand, soda ash, and limestone in furnaces at high temperatures. The molten glass is shaped and formed, then annealed to reduce internal stresses before finishing. Common glass types include float glass, light bulbs, and tubing made through processes like floating and tube drawing. Specialty glasses include fused silica, borosilicate, and tempered safety glass used in applications ranging from windows to electronics.
Extraction of Aluminum (Al)
The document summarizes the process of primary aluminum production. It involves two main steps:
1) Production of alumina (Al2O3) from bauxite ore using the Bayer process, which involves leaching the ore with sodium hydroxide followed by precipitation and calcination.
2) Electrolytic decomposition of the alumina in a cryolite bath using the Hall-Héroult process, where the alumina dissolves and aluminum plates out on the cathode. Large amounts of electric power are required. Additives such as calcium fluoride are used to reduce the melting point of the cryolite electrolyte.
Alumina MANUFACTURING PROCESS
This presentation discusses alumina, its manufacturing process, properties, and applications. Alumina, also known as aluminum oxide, is a widely used ceramic material that is the starting point for producing aluminum metal. It is produced through the Bayer process, which refines bauxite ore containing 40-60% alumina. Alumina has high strength, hardness, thermal conductivity, and resistance to acids and bases. It is used as an abrasive, catalyst, purifying agent, and filler in products like plastics, cosmetics, paints, and fibers due to its properties.
aluminium extraction
Aluminum is a lightweight metal that is widely used due to its properties and extraction process. It can be extracted from bauxite ore through the Bayer process, which involves dissolving the aluminum-containing minerals in sodium hydroxide to produce alumina, which is then electrolyzed to produce aluminum metal. Aluminum is commonly used in alloys to improve strength and is applied in transportation and construction due to its corrosion resistance, electrical conductivity, and high strength to weight ratio.
Raw materials & cullet
This document discusses raw materials and recycling used in glass production. It provides details on:
- The batch mixture of raw materials that forms the basis for glass melt properties.
- Important considerations for raw material selection including chemical composition, purity, and melting characteristics.
- Common raw materials used including minerals, chemicals, and cullet for network formers and modifiers.
- Specific raw material sources for important components like silica, alkalis, lime, and magnesia.
7. glass making
The document discusses the manufacturing process for glass. It begins by describing the composition of glass, which consists mainly of silica sand, soda ash, and lime. The document then outlines the basic process for glass production, which involves mixing the raw materials, melting them at high temperatures, forming the molten glass into shapes, and annealing to strengthen the final products. Several common shaping processes for different glass products are also summarized, including processes for pieceware, flat glass, tubing, and fibers.
Ceramics
Ceramics are nonmetallic materials made by firing clay and other materials like silicates and metal oxides. Ceramics have been made since prehistoric times and the modern ceramics industry produces a wide range of structural materials and products. The ceramics industry relies on raw materials like clay, silica, and feldspar which are formed and fired through processes like grinding, shaping, drying, glazing, and firing to produce final ceramic goods.
Silica & its applications
Brisil is a leading manufacturer of Silica; addressing the problem of rice husk ash utilization. Brisil engages with rice husk & rice husk ash-producing industries and sets up the plants based on the technology.
Brisil produces & supplies rice husk ash based green precipitated silica, highly dispersible silica and other chemicals for all major applications including tires, rubber, toothpaste, paints, plastics etc.
Non ferrous metals properties
The document discusses various non-ferrous metals, including their properties and common applications. It describes how aluminum, titanium, magnesium and refractory metals are used in structural applications requiring strength and heat resistance. It also explains that precious metals like gold, silver and platinum are chosen for electrical applications, jewelry and their luster, while base metals such as copper, tin, zinc, chromium and nickel are often used for plating, coatings and alloys to imbue other materials with properties like conductivity, corrosion resistance and hardness.
Aluminium Processing,Properties and Application
Aluminium is an element in the boron group with symbol Al and atomic number 13
Aluminium is so called because it is a base of “alum,” which in turn is derived from the Latin for “bitter salt.”
Aluminium is the second most plentiful metallic element on earth; an estimated 8.3% of the earth crust is composed of aluminium.
Glass industry
more chemistry contents are available
1. pdf file on Termmate: https://www.termmate.com/rabia.aziz
2. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKxWnNdskGHnZFS0h1QRTEA
3. Facebook: https://web.facebook.com/Chemist.Rabia.Aziz/
4. Blogger: https://chemistry-academy.blogspot.com/
Glass
Safety glasses
Photo chromic glasses
Photographic lenses
Glass Industries In Pakistan
Fiberglass ppt
This document provides information on fiberglass production including:
1) There are four main methods for producing fiberglass: hand lay-up, spray lay-up, pultrusion, and chopped strand mat.
2) Fiberglass was accidentally discovered in the 1930s and was used as a replacement for plywood in aircraft during World War II.
3) The document focuses on Mahavir Enterprise, a manufacturer of fiberglass sheets in India, and describes their production process, applications, and health and safety considerations.
Introduction to refractory materials
Some more informations about refractory materials and also have some descriptions about high grade refractory materials.
Polyamide extrusion
This document provides guidelines for processing polyamide extrusion. It discusses how to properly handle moisture in polyamide resins to avoid issues in extrusion like foaming and breakdown. The appropriate screw design parameters and temperature settings for polyamide extrusion are covered. Post-treatment options for polyamide films are discussed, though they provide little additional benefit due to polyamide's inherently good properties. Common applications for polyamide films include food packaging and agricultural films.
Polyvinylchloride(PVC).
Pvc was discovered in the 19th century and developed commercially in the early 20th century. It is made through the polymerization of vinyl chloride, which is synthesized from ethylene. Pvc has a linear structure and is a hard, rigid white solid. It has applications in building materials like pipes and windows, packaging, wire insulation, and automotive and medical products due to its resistance to chemicals, moisture, and fire.
Presentation on glass fiber
This document summarizes information about glass fiber, including its history, manufacturing process, properties, applications, and end products. Glass fiber is made of extremely fine glass fibers and is produced through a process of heating and drawing glass into fibers. It has good strength, durability, and electrical resistivity. Major applications of glass fiber include composites for transportation, electronics, construction, infrastructure, aerospace, and medical products. Glass fiber has comparable mechanical properties to carbon fiber but is cheaper and less brittle. It has a bright future due to its unique physical properties.
Glass fiber in modern world
A brief presentation on Glass fiber by students of Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology (AUST)
Metals ferrous and nonferrous
This document provides information on non-ferrous metals. It begins by defining non-ferrous metals as metals that do not contain iron. Examples of non-ferrous metals given include aluminum, copper, zinc, tin, lead, silver, gold, and magnesium. The document then provides details on these different non-ferrous metals, including their properties, common uses, and melting points. It also discusses non-ferrous metal alloys such as brass, bronze, and solder. In addition, the document covers electroplating and anodizing as surface treatment processes for metals.
Ceramics industry
more chemistry contents are available
1. pdf file on Termmate: https://www.termmate.com/rabia.aziz
2. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKxWnNdskGHnZFS0h1QRTEA
3. Facebook: https://web.facebook.com/Chemist.Rabia.Aziz/
4. Blogger: https://chemistry-academy.blogspot.com/
Ceramics manufacture process, properties, uses and classification
What's hot (20)
Similar to Glass manufacturing and types
GLASS_LECTURE-1.pptx
Glass is made by melting raw materials like sand, soda ash, and limestone in a furnace at high temperatures. It is then formed into shapes and annealed by slow cooling. Glass has various properties like being transparent, brittle, and a good insulator. Common types of glass used in construction include float glass, sheet glass, wired glass, reflective glass, insulating glass, and safety glass like laminated and toughened glass. Glass bricks are also used. Tinted glass comes in various colors and is used to control heat and glare.
Glass In Construction
This document provides information on different types of glass, their manufacturing processes, and applications. It discusses float glass, clear glass, soda lime glass, and other types classified by their manufacturing process. It also covers post-application processes like coated glass, laminated glass, and strengthened glass. The key components of soda lime glass are listed as silica, sodium, calcium, magnesium, alumina, and potassium. The document explains the manufacturing method of melting, forming, and controlled cooling or annealing. Joinery and bonding of glass is also addressed.
Type, Processing and Transition of Glasses
The document provides an overview of engineering ceramics and glasses, including:
1) The manufacturing process for glass involves melting raw materials at high temperatures, forming and shaping the molten glass, annealing to strengthen it, and finishing.
2) Different types of glasses are produced by varying the raw materials, including soda-lime glass, potash-lime glass, lead glass, borosilicate glass, and alumina silicate glass.
3) The glass transition is the reversible transition of an amorphous material from a hard, brittle state to a rubbery state as temperature increases, and is characterized by the glass transition temperature Tg.
Cabell County Glass Project 03 - Making Glass
Making Glass
Ingredients
Silica
Soda Ash
Lime
Metal Oxides
Glass Making Processes
General Process
Plate Glass Production
Types of Glass
Soda-Lime
Lead Crystal
Flint Glass
Borosilicate
Safety Glass
Laminated Glass
Ballistic Glass
Glass industries
Glass can be produced through either float glass or glass blowing processes. The float glass process involves melting raw materials and allowing the molten glass to float on molten tin, where it cools and is cut. The glass blowing process uses a furnace to melt glass feedstock, after which a gob of molten glass is formed using press-and-blow or blow-and-blow techniques, producing parisons that are blown into molds. Both processes include annealing to strengthen the glass. Inspection and packaging occur after shaping to ensure quality.
Glass lens manufacturing
Glass lenses have evolved from early crown and flint glass. Crown glass contains silica, soda, and lime and has an index of 1.523. Flint glass contains lead oxide and has a higher index of 1.58-1.69. Barium crown glass introduced by Abbe has an index of 1.514-1.616 without high dispersion. Optical glass is manufactured through melting ingredients at high temperatures, annealing, grinding, and polishing into lenses. New hi-index materials allow for thinner lenses but have greater distortions and fragility than conventional lenses.
Glass
Glass is a mixture of metallic silicates, usually containing an alkali metal. It has no definite crystalline structure, absorbs, refracts, or transmits light, and becomes softer as its temperature increases. The main types of glass are soda lime glass, which is cheap and used for windows and containers; potash-lime glass, which fuses at high temperatures; and potash-lead glass, which has a high refractive power and is used for lenses and prisms. Each type has different chemical properties and melting temperatures depending on its composition and intended uses.
Glass industry
Glass is an amorphous solid that can be considered a frozen liquid. It is made through the fusion of materials like soda ash, limestone, and silica sand. Different types of glass are made by varying the composition or adding chemicals to achieve desired properties. Common types include soda glass, Pyrex glass for labware, quartz glass for lighting, and borosilicate glass for dishes and pipes. Glass is manufactured through fusion of raw materials, working the molten mass into shapes, and annealing to strengthen the final product.
Linkedin
Glass is made by heating sand, soda ash, and limestone in a furnace. This produces a molten material that can be shaped and cooled. Glass has been used for thousands of years and is now one of the most versatile engineering materials. Its composition and properties can be varied for different applications through the addition of different materials during production. Common types include soda-lime glass for windows and bottles and lead crystal for its brilliance. The document discusses the ingredients, production process, types, and uses of glass.
Dental ceramics/prosthodontic courses
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Ceramic
The document discusses different types of dental ceramics, including their compositions, properties, and applications. It describes four main categories of ceramics used in dentistry: silicate ceramics, oxide ceramics, nonoxide ceramics, and glass ceramics. The document also covers the use of ceramics in dental prosthetics like crowns, bridges, veneers, and how they can be classified based on their intended use, composition, processing method, and other properties.
Glass.pdf
Glass, a translucent marvel, is a solid material crafted from silica, soda ash, and limestone. Renowned for its transparency, it serves as a vessel for both artistic expression and practical utility. Whether in architecture, décor, or everyday containers, glass's unique properties of transparency and malleability make it an indispensable element of our modern world. Celebrating its versatility, glass stands as a testament to human creativity and innovation, shaping our surroundings with its clear and enduring presence.
glass industry presentation.pptx
Glass is manufactured through a process involving melting raw materials like silica sand, soda ash, limestone and cullet at high temperatures, then rapidly cooling to form an amorphous solid. The main raw materials are classified into glass formers, fluxes, modifiers and fining agents. Common glass types include soda-lime glass, borosilicate glass and lead glass. Glass products are formed through processes like float glass, fiber glass, tubing and are used as window glass, fiber insulation, laboratory equipment and more.
Lecture bld62003 mak_glass_part1
Glass blocks are hollow glass units with a partial vacuum that decreases heat transmission. They come in common sizes of 6, 8, or 12 inches square and 4 inches thick. A concern is that glass blocks expand more than brick walls, requiring expansion joints. Laminated glass is a type of safety glass that holds together when shattered due to an interlayer like PVB bonding the glass layers. Toughened or tempered glass is processed to be stronger than normal glass and shatter into small fragments rather than large shards when broken.
Glass as building material by Anas Khan
Glass as building material covered all the glasses with best and suitable examples
Please like share and subscribe to my Youtube channel
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCaUEYWPKaJItDDLpc-ZOl4w
Silica sand and glass industry
Glasses, Raw Materials; Silica sand, Limestone, Soda ash , Glass Manufacturing Process, Glass Forming, Glass Structure, Glass Properties, Glass Types, Soda-lime glasses , Lead glasses , Heat-resistant or borosilicate glasses, High-purity silica glasses, Specialty glasses, Heat Treating Glasses, Annealing glass, Tmpered glass, Chemistry of Glass Manufacture, Recycling of Glass, Virtification
ceramics.ppt
Ceramics are inorganic, non-metallic materials formed from chemical and biochemical stable substances. Dental ceramics contain a glassy matrix reinforced by crystalline structures such as leucite, alumina, and silica. Dental porcelains are composed of feldspar, silica, and kaolin, which are blended and fired to form the ceramic. Metal-ceramic restorations consist of a metal coping covered with opaque, dentin, and enamel porcelain layers that are bonded to the metal through mechanical interlocking and chemical bonding between metal oxide layers and the ceramic.
Where Sight Glass Strength Comes From
L.J. Star Incorporated provides a comparative look at different glass types used in making industrial sight glass. http://www.ljstar.com/products/products.aspx?pl=6
GLASS
Glass is an amorphous solid made through the melting and cooling of raw materials such as silica sand, soda ash, limestone, and recycled glass. There are many types of glass with different compositions and properties. Glass is manufactured through mixing raw materials, melting in furnaces, fabrication into desired shapes, and annealing to relieve internal stresses. Common glass products include float glass, fiberglass, safety glass, and specialty glasses used for optical, electrical, and scientific applications.
Ceram / dental implant courses
This document provides an overview of dental ceramics. It discusses the introduction, history, classification, composition, properties and processing methods of various ceramic materials used in dentistry. Specifically, it describes the condensation, firing and glazing processes involved in manufacturing ceramic restorations. It also outlines various methods used to strengthen ceramics, including developing residual compressive stresses through techniques like ion exchange and thermal tempering, as well as interrupting crack propagation through the addition of crystalline phases or transformation toughening mechanisms. The document provides a comprehensive review of all-ceramic dental materials.
Similar to Glass manufacturing and types (20)
Recently uploaded
Fueling AI with Great Data with Airbyte Webinar
This talk will focus on how to collect data from a variety of sources, leveraging this data for RAG and other GenAI use cases, and finally charting your course to productionalization.
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup Slides
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdf
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift
Overview
Dive into the world of anomaly detection on edge devices with our comprehensive hands-on tutorial. This SlideShare presentation will guide you through the entire process, from data collection and model training to edge deployment and real-time monitoring. Perfect for those looking to implement robust anomaly detection systems on resource-constrained IoT/edge devices.
Key Topics Covered
1. Introduction to Anomaly Detection
- Understand the fundamentals of anomaly detection and its importance in identifying unusual behavior or failures in systems.
2. Understanding Edge (IoT)
- Learn about edge computing and IoT, and how they enable real-time data processing and decision-making at the source.
3. What is ArgoCD?
- Discover ArgoCD, a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes, and its role in deploying applications on edge devices.
4. Deployment Using ArgoCD for Edge Devices
- Step-by-step guide on deploying anomaly detection models on edge devices using ArgoCD.
5. Introduction to Apache Kafka and S3
- Explore Apache Kafka for real-time data streaming and Amazon S3 for scalable storage solutions.
6. Viewing Kafka Messages in the Data Lake
- Learn how to view and analyze Kafka messages stored in a data lake for better insights.
7. What is Prometheus?
- Get to know Prometheus, an open-source monitoring and alerting toolkit, and its application in monitoring edge devices.
8. Monitoring Application Metrics with Prometheus
- Detailed instructions on setting up Prometheus to monitor the performance and health of your anomaly detection system.
9. What is Camel K?
- Introduction to Camel K, a lightweight integration framework built on Apache Camel, designed for Kubernetes.
10. Configuring Camel K Integrations for Data Pipelines
- Learn how to configure Camel K for seamless data pipeline integrations in your anomaly detection workflow.
11. What is a Jupyter Notebook?
- Overview of Jupyter Notebooks, an open-source web application for creating and sharing documents with live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text.
12. Jupyter Notebooks with Code Examples
- Hands-on examples and code snippets in Jupyter Notebooks to help you implement and test anomaly detection models.
Generating privacy-protected synthetic data using Secludy and Milvus
During this demo, the founders of Secludy will demonstrate how their system utilizes Milvus to store and manipulate embeddings for generating privacy-protected synthetic data. Their approach not only maintains the confidentiality of the original data but also enhances the utility and scalability of LLMs under privacy constraints. Attendees, including machine learning engineers, data scientists, and data managers, will witness first-hand how Secludy's integration with Milvus empowers organizations to harness the power of LLMs securely and efficiently.
Artificial Intelligence for XMLDevelopment
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing.pdf
Read Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing to gain insights on AI adoption in the manufacturing industry, such as:
1. How quickly AI is being implemented in manufacturing.
2. Which barriers stand in the way of AI adoption.
3. How data quality and governance form the backbone of AI.
4. Organizational processes and structures that may inhibit effective AI adoption.
6. Ideas and approaches to help build your organization's AI strategy.
Skybuffer SAM4U tool for SAP license adoption
Manage and optimize your license adoption and consumption with SAM4U, an SAP free customer software asset management tool.
SAM4U, an SAP complimentary software asset management tool for customers, delivers a detailed and well-structured overview of license inventory and usage with a user-friendly interface. We offer a hosted, cost-effective, and performance-optimized SAM4U setup in the Skybuffer Cloud environment. You retain ownership of the system and data, while we manage the ABAP 7.58 infrastructure, ensuring fixed Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) and exceptional services through the SAP Fiori interface.
Your One-Stop Shop for Python Success: Top 10 US Python Development Providers
Simplify your search for a reliable Python development partner! This list presents the top 10 trusted US providers offering comprehensive Python development services, ensuring your project's success from conception to completion.
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024
I develop the Ruby programming language, RubyGems, and Bundler, which are package managers for Ruby. Today, I will introduce how to enhance the security of your application using open-source software (OSS) examples from Ruby and RubyGems.
The first topic is CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures). I have published CVEs many times. But what exactly is a CVE? I'll provide a basic understanding of CVEs and explain how to detect and handle vulnerabilities in OSS.
Next, let's discuss package managers. Package managers play a critical role in the OSS ecosystem. I'll explain how to manage library dependencies in your application.
I'll share insights into how the Ruby and RubyGems core team works to keep our ecosystem safe. By the end of this talk, you'll have a better understanding of how to safeguard your code.
dbms calicut university B. sc Cs 4th sem.pdf
Its a seminar ppt on database management system using sql
System Design Case Study: Building a Scalable E-Commerce Platform - Hiike
This case study explores designing a scalable e-commerce platform, covering key requirements, system components, and best practices.
How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdf
A Mix Chart displays historical data of numbers in a graphical or tabular form. The Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart specifically shows the results of a sequence of numbers over different periods.
Operating System Used by Users in day-to-day life.pptx
Dive into the realm of operating systems (OS) with Pravash Chandra Das, a seasoned Digital Forensic Analyst, as your guide. 🚀 This comprehensive presentation illuminates the core concepts, types, and evolution of OS, essential for understanding modern computing landscapes.
Beginning with the foundational definition, Das clarifies the pivotal role of OS as system software orchestrating hardware resources, software applications, and user interactions. Through succinct descriptions, he delineates the diverse types of OS, from single-user, single-task environments like early MS-DOS iterations, to multi-user, multi-tasking systems exemplified by modern Linux distributions.
Crucial components like the kernel and shell are dissected, highlighting their indispensable functions in resource management and user interface interaction. Das elucidates how the kernel acts as the central nervous system, orchestrating process scheduling, memory allocation, and device management. Meanwhile, the shell serves as the gateway for user commands, bridging the gap between human input and machine execution. 💻
The narrative then shifts to a captivating exploration of prominent desktop OSs, Windows, macOS, and Linux. Windows, with its globally ubiquitous presence and user-friendly interface, emerges as a cornerstone in personal computing history. macOS, lauded for its sleek design and seamless integration with Apple's ecosystem, stands as a beacon of stability and creativity. Linux, an open-source marvel, offers unparalleled flexibility and security, revolutionizing the computing landscape. 🖥️
Moving to the realm of mobile devices, Das unravels the dominance of Android and iOS. Android's open-source ethos fosters a vibrant ecosystem of customization and innovation, while iOS boasts a seamless user experience and robust security infrastructure. Meanwhile, discontinued platforms like Symbian and Palm OS evoke nostalgia for their pioneering roles in the smartphone revolution.
The journey concludes with a reflection on the ever-evolving landscape of OS, underscored by the emergence of real-time operating systems (RTOS) and the persistent quest for innovation and efficiency. As technology continues to shape our world, understanding the foundations and evolution of operating systems remains paramount. Join Pravash Chandra Das on this illuminating journey through the heart of computing. 🌟
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and Milvus
Spark is the widely used ETL tool for processing, indexing and ingesting data to serving stack for search. Milvus is the production-ready open-source vector database. In this talk we will show how to use Spark to process unstructured data to extract vector representations, and push the vectors to Milvus vector database for search serving.
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slack
Discover the seamless integration of RPA (Robotic Process Automation), COMPOSER, and APM with AWS IDP enhanced with Slack notifications. Explore how these technologies converge to streamline workflows, optimize performance, and ensure secure access, all while leveraging the power of AWS IDP and real-time communication via Slack notifications.
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAU
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
Recently uploaded (20)
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup Slides
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup Slides
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdf
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdf
Generating privacy-protected synthetic data using Secludy and Milvus
Generating privacy-protected synthetic data using Secludy and Milvus
Your One-Stop Shop for Python Success: Top 10 US Python Development Providers
Your One-Stop Shop for Python Success: Top 10 US Python Development Providers
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024
WeTestAthens: Postman's AI & Automation Techniques
WeTestAthens: Postman's AI & Automation Techniques
System Design Case Study: Building a Scalable E-Commerce Platform - Hiike
System Design Case Study: Building a Scalable E-Commerce Platform - Hiike
How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdf
How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdf
Operating System Used by Users in day-to-day life.pptx
Operating System Used by Users in day-to-day life.pptx
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and Milvus
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and Milvus
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slack
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slack
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAU
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAU
Deep Dive: Getting Funded with Jason Jason Lemkin Founder & CEO @ SaaStr
Deep Dive: Getting Funded with Jason Jason Lemkin Founder & CEO @ SaaStr
Glass manufacturing and types
- 1. Arshad Surti GLASS Manufacturing AndTypes Presented By : Arshad Surti B.Sc. Industrial Chemistry
- 2. Arshad Surti Content • Manufacturing of Glass • Types of furnace • Working of Molten glass • Annealing • Finishing • Types of glass
- 3. Arshad Surti Manufacture of Glass Melting Working on molten glass Annealing Finishing
- 4. Arshad Surti Melting Batch Cullet Furnace
- 5. Arshad Surti Types of furnace Pot furnace
- 6. Arshad Surti Continue… • Tank Furnace
- 8. Arshad Surti Working on molten glass • Molten glass is then worked into articles of decide shapes by blowing, molding are by pressing between the rollers
- 9. Arshad Surti Annealing • Annealing means cool down the glass by slow and steady process • Glass will broken when cooled suddenly, so it will be gradually cooled to normal temperature • After this process we get a fine smooth glass plate
- 10. Arshad Surti Finishing Cleaning and cutting
- 11. Arshad Surti Types of Glass Soda-lime or Soft glass Lead glass or Flint glass Potash lime or Hard glass Borosilicate glass Aluminosilicate glass Optical or Crookes glass Quartz glass Opal glass Glass wool
- 12. Arshad Surti Soda-lime or Soft Glass Raw Materials •Silica •Calcium carbonate •Soda ash Composition is Na2Co3.CaO.6Sio2 • Sio2 - 71-73 % • Na2O – 12-14% • CaO - 10-12%
- 13. Arshad Surti Continue… Properties • Low Cost • Resistant to water but not to acid • They can melt easily and hence can be hot worked easily Usage
- 14. Arshad Surti Lead Glass or Flint glass Raw Material • Lead oxide • Silica • Potassium oxide For dense optical glasses, 80% of PbO is incorporated. In addition, K20 is used, instead of sodium oxide.
- 15. Arshad Surti Continue…. Properties • Expensive • Much easier to shape and work • Lower softening temperature • High refractive-index • Excellent electric properties • it is bright, lustrous and possesses high specific gravity Composition K2O.PbO.6SiO2 • K2O - 10% • PbO - 45-65 % • SiO2 - 25-45 %
- 17. Arshad Surti Potashlime or Hard glass Raw Material • Silica • Calcium Carbonate • Potassium Carbonate Composition • K2O.CaO.6SiO2
- 19. Arshad Surti Borosilicate Glass Raw Material • Silica • Boron • Potassium • Sodium oxide Component SiO2 B2O3 AL2O3 K2O NA2O percentage 80.5 13 3 3 0.5
- 20. Arshad Surti Continue… Properties • Low thermal coefficient of expansion • High chemical resistant • Very high softening points and excellent resistivity
- 22. Arshad Surti Alumino Silicate Glass Raw Material • Silicone oxide • Aluminum oxide • Boron oxide • Magnesium oxide • Calcium oxide • Sodium oxide • Potassium oxide
- 23. Arshad Surti Continue… Composition Addition of Alumina make this glass heat resistance SiO2 Al2O3 B2O3 MgO CaO Na2O + K2O 55 23 7 9 5 1 Usage
- 24. Arshad Surti Optical or Crookes Glass Raw Material • Phosphorous • Lead silicate • Cerium oxide Properties • Low melting points • Soft • Chemical resistance • Less durability • Cirium oxide is capable of absorbing UV light
- 26. Arshad Surti Quartz glass Raw material • Crystalline silica fused at 1900* C under vacuum Properties • Outstanding resistance to thermal shock and chemical Usage
- 27. Arshad Surti Opal Glass NaF CaF2 Ca3(PO4)2 SnO2
- 28. Arshad Surti Continue… Properties • Translucent white or Milky glass • Transparent when liquid • Opaque when cooled
- 29. Arshad Surti Glass wool • Glass wool is a fibrous wool like material • Which is composed to intermingle fine threads or filament glass, they are alkali free Properties • Non-combustible and fireproof • Electrical conductivity is low • Does not absorb moisture • Tensile strength is about 8x then steel
- 30. Arshad Surti Usage • Oven, insulation of metal pipelines, motors, vacuum cleaners, walls and roofs of house • In filtration of acid and acidic solutions • Electric insulation • Sound Insulation • Air filter as dust filtering materials • Manufacturing of fiber glass