2. What is GIS ?
• Information system designed to work with data
referenced by spatial/ geographical coordinates.
• Definition:
“It is defined as an information system that is used to input, store,
retrieve, manipulate, analyse, and output geographically referenced data
or geospatial data, in order to support decision making for planning and
management of land use, natural resources, environment, transportation,
urban facilities, and other administrative records.”
4. HARDWARE
• Run on the whole spectrum of computer system
ranging from portable personal computer(PCs) to
multi- user super computers.
• Input devices ( Digitizers, Scanners, GPS receivers )
• Storage devices (Magnetic tapes & disks, CD ROMs, CPU )
• Output devices (Display devices, Printers, Plotter )
5. SOFTWARE
• Provides the functions and tools that are necessary to store,
analyse, and display geographic information.
• ArcGIS
• ArcView
• ArcSDE
• MapInfo
• Geomatica
• TNTmips
• Autodesk Map
• WIN GIS
• AutoCAD
• Geomedia
6. PROCEDURE
• The map creation can either be automated raster to vector
creator or it can be manually victories using the scanned
images.
• To complete task – procedures are performed using – hardware
and software
DATA
• Geospatial data and attribute data in GIS.
• Geographical data in – form of - hard copy map , digital map
,aerial photos , satellite images , statistical tables , other
documents - used for GIS operations
7. PEOPLE
• GIS users range from technical specialists who design and
maintain.
• Experts with knowledge area required to apply GIS properly
• Different types of users are using GIS at different level.
8. Functions of GIS
• Data Processing and manipulation
• Data Analysis
• Data Displays
• Database management
9. Data Processing and Manipulation
Data validation and editing ( checking, correction )
Structure conversion ( vectors to raster )
Integration ( overlaying, edge matching )
Geometric conversion ( scale and projection changes )
Generalization and classification(reclassification , coordination)
Map enhancement adding ( adding titles, scales , symbols )
Buffer generation ( defining corridors )
Data searching and retrieval ( user defined searches )
12. DATABASE MANAGEMENT
Support and monitoring of multiuses of access to the database.
Coping with system
Communication linkages with other systems
Editing and updating the database
Organizing the database for efficient storage and retrieval
Maintenance of database security and integrating
13. Advantages of GIS
• Allows us to view, understand, and visualize data in
many ways that reveal relationships, patterns, and
trends in the form of maps, globes, reports, and charts.
• Helps you answer questions and solve problems by
looking at your data in a way that is quickly
understood and easily shared.
• Give the accurate Data.
• Better Predictions and Analysis.