Orthographic projections produce front, top, and side views of an object by projecting planes onto the object from different angles. There are three principal planes - the vertical plane, horizontal plane, and profile plane - that are perpendicular to each other. The front view is seen on the vertical plane, the top view on the horizontal plane, and the side view on the profile plane. Isometric projections can be produced from two or more orthographic projections by drawing the real figure at a projection angle.

1. ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

2. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
:
When the projectors are parallel to each other and also
perpendicular to the plane, the projection is called orthographic
projection.
1 A plane of projection (POP) is a plane on which a particular
view is projected.
2 Three such planes, perpendicular to each other, are called
principal planes or reference planes (RP).
3 When the observer looks at the object from the front, the
view obtained is called the front view (FV) or Elevation. FV is
seen on the VP.
4 When the observer looks at the object from above, the view
obtained is called top view (TV) or plan. TV is seen on the
HP.
5 Side Views When the observer looks at the object from side,
i.e., from his left-hand side or right-hand side, the view
obtained is called side view (SV). SV is seen on the PP.

3. ISOMETRIC PROJECTIONS :
ISOMETRIC projections are produced when with the help of two or
more orthographic projections real figure is drawn.

4. PROJECTION ANGLE
METHODS:

5. RELATED TERMINOLOGIES:

6. NOTE :
 We need to take care for which angle
method the orthographic projections
are given and accordingly we can
draw isometric projections.
 All the horizontal lines should be
parallel to the base and all vertical
lines should be perpendicular to the
x-axis.

8. ISOMETRIC PROJECTIONS FROM
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS:

9. MADE BY: HARDI SUKHADIYA

10. … THANK YOU …