Genomic and c dna library by Kailash Sontakke
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This document discusses genomic and cDNA libraries. A genomic library contains all DNA sequences from an organism's genome cloned into vectors, while a cDNA library contains mRNA sequences cloned into vectors. Key steps in constructing a genomic library are isolating genomic DNA, fragmenting it, inserting fragments into vectors, and introducing the vectors into bacteria to create a collection of cloned genomic fragments. A cDNA library is made from mRNA and will lack non-coding introns and regulatory elements found in genomic DNA. The document outlines the process of constructing cDNA libraries, which involves isolating mRNA, reverse transcribing it to cDNA, and inserting cDNA fragments into vectors before introducing them into bacteria. Both library types are useful research tools for isolating and studying genes.
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Genomic library
Importance of Genomic Library, Steps in Genomic Library construction, Problems in Genomic Library Construction and Screening of Genomic Library
Construction of gene library
In humans, approximately 25,000 genes exit among the 3 billion base pairs of DNA in the genome.
To study anyone of these genes, a researcher first isolates it from all of the other genes in an organisms DNA.
One isolation method has a relatively long history and involves the construction of a DNA library
When a gene is identified and copied, it is said to have been “cloned”
Genomic and c dna libraries
Genomic DNA and cDNA libraries are two ways to obtain genomic information. [1] A genomic DNA library contains the entire human genome, including exons and introns. [2] A cDNA library contains only the expressed portions of the genome (exons). [3] λ-phage is commonly used as the vector to generate these libraries due to its ability to clone large DNA fragments and be packaged in large numbers.
Restriction Mapping
Restriction enzymes cut DNA molecules at specific recognition sites. Restriction mapping involves digesting an unknown DNA segment with restriction enzymes and analyzing the fragment sizes to determine the locations of restriction sites. One method involves single and double digestions with two enzymes followed by gel electrophoresis to separate the fragments by size. By comparing the fragment patterns between single and double digestions, the positions of each restriction site can be mapped, generating a restriction map of the DNA segment. Restriction mapping was previously important for characterizing cloned DNA but is now easier using DNA sequencing, though analysis of restriction sites remains useful for comparing chromosomal organization between strains.
Genomic library
Genomic library and shotgun sequencing. It includes the topics about genomic library,construction method, its uses and applications, shotgun sequencing, difference between random and whole genome sequencing, its advantages and disadvantages etc.
Screenable and Selectable Markers
Genetic manipulation of plant and animal cells have to be confirmed for further application. One such confirmatory method is the use of stains/dyes which produces fluorescence when the recombination is successful.
VECTORS INTRODUCTION
This document discusses various types of vectors used for cloning and expressing plant genes, including their characteristics and uses. It describes cloning vectors, expression vectors, and integration vectors. Common vector types that are discussed in detail include plasmids, bacterial viruses (bacteriophages), cosmids, and plant viruses. The binary vector system and co-integration vector strategy for transforming plants using Agrobacterium tumefaciens are also summarized.
bacterial artificial chromosome & yeast artificial chromosome
BAC & YAC are artificially prepared chromosomes to clone DNA sequences.yeast artificial chromosome is capable of carrying upto 1000 kbp of inserted DNA sequence
Recommended
Genomic library
Importance of Genomic Library, Steps in Genomic Library construction, Problems in Genomic Library Construction and Screening of Genomic Library
Construction of gene library
In humans, approximately 25,000 genes exit among the 3 billion base pairs of DNA in the genome.
To study anyone of these genes, a researcher first isolates it from all of the other genes in an organisms DNA.
One isolation method has a relatively long history and involves the construction of a DNA library
When a gene is identified and copied, it is said to have been “cloned”
Genomic and c dna libraries
Genomic DNA and cDNA libraries are two ways to obtain genomic information. [1] A genomic DNA library contains the entire human genome, including exons and introns. [2] A cDNA library contains only the expressed portions of the genome (exons). [3] λ-phage is commonly used as the vector to generate these libraries due to its ability to clone large DNA fragments and be packaged in large numbers.
Restriction Mapping
Restriction enzymes cut DNA molecules at specific recognition sites. Restriction mapping involves digesting an unknown DNA segment with restriction enzymes and analyzing the fragment sizes to determine the locations of restriction sites. One method involves single and double digestions with two enzymes followed by gel electrophoresis to separate the fragments by size. By comparing the fragment patterns between single and double digestions, the positions of each restriction site can be mapped, generating a restriction map of the DNA segment. Restriction mapping was previously important for characterizing cloned DNA but is now easier using DNA sequencing, though analysis of restriction sites remains useful for comparing chromosomal organization between strains.
Genomic library
Genomic library and shotgun sequencing. It includes the topics about genomic library,construction method, its uses and applications, shotgun sequencing, difference between random and whole genome sequencing, its advantages and disadvantages etc.
Screenable and Selectable Markers
Genetic manipulation of plant and animal cells have to be confirmed for further application. One such confirmatory method is the use of stains/dyes which produces fluorescence when the recombination is successful.
VECTORS INTRODUCTION
This document discusses various types of vectors used for cloning and expressing plant genes, including their characteristics and uses. It describes cloning vectors, expression vectors, and integration vectors. Common vector types that are discussed in detail include plasmids, bacterial viruses (bacteriophages), cosmids, and plant viruses. The binary vector system and co-integration vector strategy for transforming plants using Agrobacterium tumefaciens are also summarized.
bacterial artificial chromosome & yeast artificial chromosome
BAC & YAC are artificially prepared chromosomes to clone DNA sequences.yeast artificial chromosome is capable of carrying upto 1000 kbp of inserted DNA sequence
DNA Cloning
This document provides an overview of DNA cloning. It begins by defining cloning as making identical copies of DNA, genes, or cells. The basic steps of DNA cloning are described, including using a source DNA, vector, restriction enzymes to cut DNA, ligation to join DNA fragments, transformation of host bacteria, and selection of recombinant clones. Common vectors like plasmids are discussed along with selection techniques like blue-white screening. The document emphasizes that the goal is to generate multiple copies of the cloned insert DNA. Examples are given of important medical and agricultural applications of cloning genes.
Molecular Cloning - Vectors: Types & Characteristics
Vectors are DNA molecules that can carry foreign DNA fragments into host cells. There are two main types of vectors: cloning vectors for propagating DNA inserts and expression vectors for expressing inserted DNA. Common vector types include plasmids, bacteriophages, cosmids, and artificial chromosomes. Vectors must have key characteristics like the ability to self-replicate, selectable markers, and origins of replication to successfully clone and transfer DNA.
DNA libraries
Genomic DNA libraries contain representative copies of all DNA fragments in an organism's genome, including both expressed and non-expressed sequences. They are constructed by isolating genomic DNA, fragmenting it, and cloning the fragments into suitable vectors like lambda phage or BACs. cDNA libraries contain only expressed sequences, as they are constructed by isolating mRNA from tissues, reverse transcribing it to cDNA, and cloning the cDNA fragments. Both library types are useful for gene discovery, sequencing, mapping genomes, and studying regulatory sequences.
PAC
P1 derived Artificial Chromosomes (PAC) is a genome derived from Phage P1. P1 phage utilises PAC sites for efficient breaking and packaging of the genome and its efficient delivery in transfection stage.
S1 Nuclease Mapping
S1 nuclease mapping is a laboratory technique used to locate the 5' end of an RNA transcript within a mixture by using the S1 nuclease. The S1 nuclease is an endonuclease that degrades single-stranded DNA and RNA but does not degrade double-stranded DNA or RNA-DNA hybrids. In S1 mapping, a transcript is hybridized to a DNA template and treated with S1 nuclease, which degrades any unhybridized RNA. This allows mapping the 5' end of the transcript to the DNA template. S1 nuclease mapping can determine the exact locations of start and end points of transcription and any splice points within transcripts.
Genomic and c dna library
Genomic and cDNA libraries are constructed to isolate genes of interest from organisms. Genomic libraries contain total chromosomal DNA while cDNA libraries contain mRNA from specific cell types. DNA is digested and ligated into vectors to clone fragments. Libraries are screened using probes and PCR to identify clones containing genes of interest. cDNA libraries are useful for studying eukaryotic gene expression as they contain mRNA from specific cells. Thousands of clones may need to be screened to have high probability of isolating a particular gene fragment.
Synthesis and cloning of c dna
This document provides information about synthesizing and cloning cDNA from mRNA. It describes how cDNA libraries are constructed by isolating mRNA, synthesizing cDNA via reverse transcription, treating cDNA ends, ligating the cDNA to vectors, and transforming the vectors into host cells. The key steps include mRNA purification, first and second strand cDNA synthesis, linker ligation, vector ligation, and transformation. cDNA libraries are useful for eukaryotic gene analysis as they contain only expressed genes without introns.
Lectut btn-202-ppt-l20. genomic and c dna libraries
Genomic and cDNA libraries are collections of clones containing DNA fragments from an organism. A genomic DNA library contains all fragments of the genomic DNA, while a cDNA library contains only coding sequences synthesized from expressed mRNA. Genomic libraries are suitable for prokaryotes due to their small genomes but eukaryotic genomes require too many clones, so cDNA libraries are preferred for eukaryotic gene cloning. cDNA libraries represent the expressed genes and contain only coding regions without introns.
Selectable marker genes
The document discusses selectable marker genes that are commonly used in plant transformation systems. Selectable marker genes are included in transformation vectors along with the target gene of interest. They confer resistance to transformed cells when grown on media containing toxic substances like antibiotics, herbicides, or antimetabolites. This allows transformed cells to survive while non-transformed cells die. There are three main categories of selectable marker genes: antibiotic resistance genes, antimetabolite marker genes, and herbicide resistance genes. Common examples of genes used include nptII for kanamycin resistance, pat/bar for phosphinothricin/glufosinate resistance, and epsps/aroA for glyphosate resistance.
cDNA Library Construction
Creation of a cDNA library starts with mRNA instead of DNA. Messenger RNA carries encoded information from DNA to ribosomes for translation into protein. To create a cDNA library, these mRNA molecules are treated with the enzyme reverse transcriptase, which is used to make a DNA copy of an mRNA (i.e., cDNA). A cDNA library represents a sampling of the transcribed genes, but a genomic library includes untranscribed regions.
Phage display technology
Theoretically, phage display is an exogenous gene expression method which the gene encoding the interest protein is inserted into bacteriophage coat protein gene then displaying the interest protein on the phage surfaces, resulting in a connection between genotype and phenotype.https://www.creative-biolabs.com/phage-display-service.html
Chemical method of transformation
Chemical method of transformation- calcium chloride mediated, Liposome mediated and PEG mediated transformation
Chloroplast Genetics
chloroplast being the second semi-autonomous organelle of the plant cell also harbours its genome. the presentation includes various characteristic features of this organelle genome along with its functional pecularities and significance
Shotgun and clone contig method
In shotgun sequencing the genome is broken randomly into short fragments (1 to 2 kbp long) suitable for sequencing. The fragments are ligated into a suitable vector and then partially sequenced. Around 400–500 bp of sequence can be generated from each fragment in a single sequencing run. In some cases, both ends of a fragment are sequenced. Computerized searching for overlaps between individual sequences then assembles the complete sequence.
DESIGN OF PLASMID VECTOR & PROKARYOTIC AND EUKARYOTIC VECTORS
Plasmid vectors are circular, self-replicating DNA molecules that are commonly used to clone DNA fragments in bacteria. The document discusses the key features of plasmid vectors including their origin of replication, selectable marker genes, and cloning sites. It also describes different types of plasmids such as F-plasmids, R-plasmids, and Ti-plasmids. Common plasmid vectors used in genetic engineering like pUC19, pBR322, and Ti-plasmids are also outlined. Finally, the applications of plasmids in genetic engineering for cloning genes and mass producing proteins are briefly mentioned.
DNA Libraries
DNA libraries contain cloned DNA fragments from an organism's genome or cDNA from mRNA. Genomic libraries represent entire genomes, while cDNA libraries represent expressed genes. Genomic libraries are constructed by isolating chromosomal DNA, fragmenting it, cloning the fragments into vectors, and screening clones. cDNA libraries are constructed by synthesizing cDNA from mRNA, cloning the cDNA into vectors, and screening clones. Both library types allow identification of specific DNA or cDNA sequences through hybridization or other screening methods.
T dna & transposone tagging 1 (2)
Gene tagging uses recognizable DNA fragments like T-DNA or transposons to disrupt gene function and identify genes responsible for mutant phenotypes. T-DNA tagging in plants involves random integration of Agrobacterium T-DNA that can disrupt genes and create mutants. Transposon tagging relies on the ability of transposons to move within genomes and disrupt gene function. Both techniques have been used successfully to isolate numerous plant genes involved in traits like color and development.
Dna library CONSTRUCTION
Genomic and cDNA libraries provide a collection of DNA fragments that can be screened to find genes of interest. To make a genomic library, genomic DNA is purified from cells, fragmented, and cloned into a vector such as lambda phage. A large number of clones are needed to represent the entire genome. cDNA libraries are made from mRNA which is isolated, reverse transcribed to cDNA, and cloned into a vector. Libraries are screened by hybridization, expression analysis or other methods to identify clones containing genes of interest. Repeated screening allows chromosome walking to obtain overlapping genomic fragments.
Dna library lecture-Gene libraries and screening
This document discusses gene libraries and screening procedures. It begins by explaining what genomic and cDNA libraries are. It then provides details on creating genomic libraries, including purifying genomic DNA, fragmenting it, and cloning the fragments into vectors. Creating cDNA libraries involves isolating mRNA, synthesizing cDNA, and ligating the cDNA to vectors. The size of libraries needed to ensure coverage of genomes is calculated. Lambda phage is described as a commonly used vector that can accept inserts up to 23kb in size. The processes of packaging recombinant DNA into lambda phage particles and creating lambda phage libraries are outlined.
P bluescript
pBluescript is an example of a combination between plasmids and phages (phagemids).
Phagemids represent a hybrid type of class of vectors that serve to produce single-stranded DNA.
Genomic library construction
A DNA library is a collection of DNA fragments that have been cloned into vectors. DNA libraries allow researchers to isolate and study specific DNA fragments of interest. To create a genomic library, DNA is extracted from an organism, cut into fragments, inserted into vectors, and introduced into host bacteria to generate clones containing all the organism's DNA sequences. This library can then be screened to identify and study particular genes. DNA libraries provide an efficient way to store, isolate, and analyze DNA sequences.
Gene library
A gene library is a large collection of DNA fragments cloned from an organism. It contains genomic DNA or cDNA sequences. Gene libraries are constructed using molecular tools like restriction enzymes and ligases to cut and paste DNA fragments into vectors such as plasmids, phages, or artificial chromosomes. The choice of vector depends on the size of the genome being cloned. Libraries allow screening to identify genes of interest through techniques like hybridization or expression screening. cDNA libraries contain only expressed sequences without introns, making them preferable for cloning eukaryotic genes in prokaryotes.
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Molecular Cloning - Vectors: Types & Characteristics
Vectors are DNA molecules that can carry foreign DNA fragments into host cells. There are two main types of vectors: cloning vectors for propagating DNA inserts and expression vectors for expressing inserted DNA. Common vector types include plasmids, bacteriophages, cosmids, and artificial chromosomes. Vectors must have key characteristics like the ability to self-replicate, selectable markers, and origins of replication to successfully clone and transfer DNA.
DNA libraries
Genomic DNA libraries contain representative copies of all DNA fragments in an organism's genome, including both expressed and non-expressed sequences. They are constructed by isolating genomic DNA, fragmenting it, and cloning the fragments into suitable vectors like lambda phage or BACs. cDNA libraries contain only expressed sequences, as they are constructed by isolating mRNA from tissues, reverse transcribing it to cDNA, and cloning the cDNA fragments. Both library types are useful for gene discovery, sequencing, mapping genomes, and studying regulatory sequences.
PAC
P1 derived Artificial Chromosomes (PAC) is a genome derived from Phage P1. P1 phage utilises PAC sites for efficient breaking and packaging of the genome and its efficient delivery in transfection stage.
S1 Nuclease Mapping
S1 nuclease mapping is a laboratory technique used to locate the 5' end of an RNA transcript within a mixture by using the S1 nuclease. The S1 nuclease is an endonuclease that degrades single-stranded DNA and RNA but does not degrade double-stranded DNA or RNA-DNA hybrids. In S1 mapping, a transcript is hybridized to a DNA template and treated with S1 nuclease, which degrades any unhybridized RNA. This allows mapping the 5' end of the transcript to the DNA template. S1 nuclease mapping can determine the exact locations of start and end points of transcription and any splice points within transcripts.
Genomic and c dna library
Genomic and cDNA libraries are constructed to isolate genes of interest from organisms. Genomic libraries contain total chromosomal DNA while cDNA libraries contain mRNA from specific cell types. DNA is digested and ligated into vectors to clone fragments. Libraries are screened using probes and PCR to identify clones containing genes of interest. cDNA libraries are useful for studying eukaryotic gene expression as they contain mRNA from specific cells. Thousands of clones may need to be screened to have high probability of isolating a particular gene fragment.
Synthesis and cloning of c dna
This document provides information about synthesizing and cloning cDNA from mRNA. It describes how cDNA libraries are constructed by isolating mRNA, synthesizing cDNA via reverse transcription, treating cDNA ends, ligating the cDNA to vectors, and transforming the vectors into host cells. The key steps include mRNA purification, first and second strand cDNA synthesis, linker ligation, vector ligation, and transformation. cDNA libraries are useful for eukaryotic gene analysis as they contain only expressed genes without introns.
Lectut btn-202-ppt-l20. genomic and c dna libraries
Genomic and cDNA libraries are collections of clones containing DNA fragments from an organism. A genomic DNA library contains all fragments of the genomic DNA, while a cDNA library contains only coding sequences synthesized from expressed mRNA. Genomic libraries are suitable for prokaryotes due to their small genomes but eukaryotic genomes require too many clones, so cDNA libraries are preferred for eukaryotic gene cloning. cDNA libraries represent the expressed genes and contain only coding regions without introns.
Selectable marker genes
The document discusses selectable marker genes that are commonly used in plant transformation systems. Selectable marker genes are included in transformation vectors along with the target gene of interest. They confer resistance to transformed cells when grown on media containing toxic substances like antibiotics, herbicides, or antimetabolites. This allows transformed cells to survive while non-transformed cells die. There are three main categories of selectable marker genes: antibiotic resistance genes, antimetabolite marker genes, and herbicide resistance genes. Common examples of genes used include nptII for kanamycin resistance, pat/bar for phosphinothricin/glufosinate resistance, and epsps/aroA for glyphosate resistance.
cDNA Library Construction
Creation of a cDNA library starts with mRNA instead of DNA. Messenger RNA carries encoded information from DNA to ribosomes for translation into protein. To create a cDNA library, these mRNA molecules are treated with the enzyme reverse transcriptase, which is used to make a DNA copy of an mRNA (i.e., cDNA). A cDNA library represents a sampling of the transcribed genes, but a genomic library includes untranscribed regions.
Phage display technology
Theoretically, phage display is an exogenous gene expression method which the gene encoding the interest protein is inserted into bacteriophage coat protein gene then displaying the interest protein on the phage surfaces, resulting in a connection between genotype and phenotype.https://www.creative-biolabs.com/phage-display-service.html
Chemical method of transformation
Chemical method of transformation- calcium chloride mediated, Liposome mediated and PEG mediated transformation
Chloroplast Genetics
chloroplast being the second semi-autonomous organelle of the plant cell also harbours its genome. the presentation includes various characteristic features of this organelle genome along with its functional pecularities and significance
Shotgun and clone contig method
In shotgun sequencing the genome is broken randomly into short fragments (1 to 2 kbp long) suitable for sequencing. The fragments are ligated into a suitable vector and then partially sequenced. Around 400–500 bp of sequence can be generated from each fragment in a single sequencing run. In some cases, both ends of a fragment are sequenced. Computerized searching for overlaps between individual sequences then assembles the complete sequence.
DESIGN OF PLASMID VECTOR & PROKARYOTIC AND EUKARYOTIC VECTORS
Plasmid vectors are circular, self-replicating DNA molecules that are commonly used to clone DNA fragments in bacteria. The document discusses the key features of plasmid vectors including their origin of replication, selectable marker genes, and cloning sites. It also describes different types of plasmids such as F-plasmids, R-plasmids, and Ti-plasmids. Common plasmid vectors used in genetic engineering like pUC19, pBR322, and Ti-plasmids are also outlined. Finally, the applications of plasmids in genetic engineering for cloning genes and mass producing proteins are briefly mentioned.
DNA Libraries
DNA libraries contain cloned DNA fragments from an organism's genome or cDNA from mRNA. Genomic libraries represent entire genomes, while cDNA libraries represent expressed genes. Genomic libraries are constructed by isolating chromosomal DNA, fragmenting it, cloning the fragments into vectors, and screening clones. cDNA libraries are constructed by synthesizing cDNA from mRNA, cloning the cDNA into vectors, and screening clones. Both library types allow identification of specific DNA or cDNA sequences through hybridization or other screening methods.
T dna & transposone tagging 1 (2)
Gene tagging uses recognizable DNA fragments like T-DNA or transposons to disrupt gene function and identify genes responsible for mutant phenotypes. T-DNA tagging in plants involves random integration of Agrobacterium T-DNA that can disrupt genes and create mutants. Transposon tagging relies on the ability of transposons to move within genomes and disrupt gene function. Both techniques have been used successfully to isolate numerous plant genes involved in traits like color and development.
Dna library CONSTRUCTION
Genomic and cDNA libraries provide a collection of DNA fragments that can be screened to find genes of interest. To make a genomic library, genomic DNA is purified from cells, fragmented, and cloned into a vector such as lambda phage. A large number of clones are needed to represent the entire genome. cDNA libraries are made from mRNA which is isolated, reverse transcribed to cDNA, and cloned into a vector. Libraries are screened by hybridization, expression analysis or other methods to identify clones containing genes of interest. Repeated screening allows chromosome walking to obtain overlapping genomic fragments.
Dna library lecture-Gene libraries and screening
This document discusses gene libraries and screening procedures. It begins by explaining what genomic and cDNA libraries are. It then provides details on creating genomic libraries, including purifying genomic DNA, fragmenting it, and cloning the fragments into vectors. Creating cDNA libraries involves isolating mRNA, synthesizing cDNA, and ligating the cDNA to vectors. The size of libraries needed to ensure coverage of genomes is calculated. Lambda phage is described as a commonly used vector that can accept inserts up to 23kb in size. The processes of packaging recombinant DNA into lambda phage particles and creating lambda phage libraries are outlined.
P bluescript
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Genomic library construction
A DNA library is a collection of DNA fragments that have been cloned into vectors. DNA libraries allow researchers to isolate and study specific DNA fragments of interest. To create a genomic library, DNA is extracted from an organism, cut into fragments, inserted into vectors, and introduced into host bacteria to generate clones containing all the organism's DNA sequences. This library can then be screened to identify and study particular genes. DNA libraries provide an efficient way to store, isolate, and analyze DNA sequences.
Gene library
A gene library is a large collection of DNA fragments cloned from an organism. It contains genomic DNA or cDNA sequences. Gene libraries are constructed using molecular tools like restriction enzymes and ligases to cut and paste DNA fragments into vectors such as plasmids, phages, or artificial chromosomes. The choice of vector depends on the size of the genome being cloned. Libraries allow screening to identify genes of interest through techniques like hybridization or expression screening. cDNA libraries contain only expressed sequences without introns, making them preferable for cloning eukaryotic genes in prokaryotes.
genomic library.pptx
The document discusses genomic libraries. A genomic library is a collection of DNA fragments that make up the full genome of an organism. To create a genomic library, DNA is extracted from cells and digested with restriction enzymes to cut it into fragments. These fragments are inserted into vectors, such as plasmids, and introduced into bacteria. The bacteria containing the recombinant DNA molecules represent the genomic library. Genomic libraries are important tools for whole genome sequencing and identifying novel genes.
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Genomic library
The document discusses genomic libraries. A genomic library contains DNA fragments representing the entire genome of an organism. It is constructed by inserting fragments of partially digested genomic DNA into vectors like plasmids or bacteriophages, which are then introduced into bacteria or yeast. The bacteria replicate and produce clones containing fragments of the original genome, theoretically representing all its sequences. Genomic libraries allow researchers to explore genomic structure and function, map genomes to identify gene locations, and clone DNA segments.
Construction of genomic and c dna library
The document summarizes the process of constructing genomic and cDNA libraries. A genomic library contains total genomic DNA from an organism, including exons and introns. Genomic DNA is extracted, fragmented, and inserted into vectors which are then introduced into host cells. Each cell contains a different DNA fragment. A cDNA library contains only expressed genes as cDNA, excluding introns. mRNA is extracted and reverse transcribed to cDNA, which is then inserted into vectors. Both library types are useful tools for sequencing and studying gene expression.
DNA library ppt.pptx
This document discusses genomic DNA libraries and cDNA libraries. It provides information on:
- Genomic DNA libraries contain DNA fragments representing an organism's entire genome, created using molecular cloning. cDNA libraries contain DNA copies of expressed genes from mRNA.
- The process of constructing a genomic library involves isolating genomic DNA, cutting it into fragments, inserting the fragments into vectors, and adding them to bacteria to form a library.
- cDNA libraries are constructed from mRNA. The process involves isolating mRNA, converting it to cDNA using reverse transcriptase, inserting the cDNA into vectors, and cloning the vectors into host cells.
C dna and genomic libraries amirtham
Genomic and cDNA libraries are collections of DNA fragments used for gene discovery and analysis. cDNA libraries contain only expressed genes and are useful for eukaryotic analysis since they lack introns. Genomic libraries contain all DNA sequences from an organism's genome. Both types of libraries are constructed by fragmenting DNA, inserting fragments into cloning vectors, and transforming bacteria to generate clones containing DNA fragments. Libraries are screened using probes to identify clones containing genes of interest.
genomic library
The document discusses genomic libraries, which are collections of DNA fragments from an organism's genome stored in host cells. To create a genomic library, DNA is extracted from cells, cut into fragments, and inserted into vectors like plasmids. The vectors are then taken up by host cells, allowing the fragments to be replicated and retrieved for analysis. Genomic libraries have been important for whole genome sequencing projects and studying gene function, regulation, and mutations. The document also discusses cDNA libraries, vectors, and techniques for sequencing DNA like Sanger sequencing and next-generation sequencing.
Genomic library
Genomic libraries are collections of bacteria that have been engineered to contain the entire DNA of an organism. DNA from the organism is cut into fragments and inserted into cloning vectors like plasmids within bacteria. Together the bacteria hold the complete genome. Genomic libraries allow researchers to isolate and study specific DNA sequences using probes, map genomes, and clone DNA segments for various research purposes like genetic modification of crops. They are constructed by extracting, cutting, and ligating an organism's DNA into vectors within host bacteria. Different vectors have varying capacities to hold DNA fragments, ranging from plasmids at 15kb to yeast artificial chromosomes at up to 2,000kb.
C dna and genomic libraries copy
This document discusses cDNA and genomic libraries. It defines cDNA and genomic libraries and explains their key differences. A cDNA library contains only complementary DNA molecules synthesized from mRNA in a cell and represents the genes expressed in that cell. Genomic libraries for prokaryotes are easier to make and contain all genome sequences since prokaryotic mRNA is unstable. cDNA libraries are useful for eukaryotic gene analysis as they contain condensed protein-encoded genes without introns. The document also provides details on the construction, screening, and uses of cDNA and genomic libraries.
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Genomic library
This document provides information about genomic libraries and PCR. It discusses what genomic libraries are, the types of DNA libraries, and the steps to construct a genomic library. Key aspects include extracting and purifying DNA, cutting it into fragments with restriction enzymes, inserting fragments into plasmids, and adding the recombinant plasmids to bacteria to create the library. Probes are used to screen libraries by hybridizing to identify clones containing sequences similar to the probe. Genomic libraries allow researchers to explore and map genomes to further understand organisms. PCR is also summarized, including its invention and the components and steps involved in the process.
Genomiclibrary 151004020241-lva1-app6891
Genomic libraries contain DNA fragments representing an organism's entire genome. They are created through molecular cloning by isolating genomic DNA, fragmenting it, inserting the fragments into vectors, and introducing the vectors into bacteria. This collection of cloned DNA fragments comprises the genomic library and allows researchers to identify and study specific genes of interest. Shotgun sequencing is an alternative approach that involves randomly fragmenting genomic DNA and determining the nucleotide sequence of each fragment to reconstruct the full genome sequence computationally.
C dna
This document discusses cDNA and genomic libraries. It defines cDNA as complementary DNA synthesized from mRNA, and genomic libraries as collections of DNA fragments representing an organism's entire genome. It describes how cDNA libraries are constructed by synthesizing cDNA from purified mRNA, and genomic libraries by partially digesting genomic DNA and inserting fragments into cloning vectors. It also explains how these libraries are screened using probes to identify clones containing genes of interest or encoding specific proteins.
DNA Library
A DNA library is a collection of DNA fragments cloned into vectors that together represent the entire genome of an organism. There are two main types of libraries: genomic DNA libraries, which contain all the organism's DNA including coding and non-coding regions, and cDNA libraries, which contain only the expressed coding regions. To create a library, DNA is extracted from cells, cut into fragments, and inserted into vectors which are then introduced into host cells. This allows amplification and isolation of specific clones for analysis.
Aswathy gene library
This document discusses gene libraries and their construction. There are two main types of gene libraries: cDNA libraries which contain only expressed DNA sequences, and genomic libraries which contain both coding and non-coding DNA fragments representing an organism's entire genome. The procedure to create a genomic library using lambda phage involves isolating and purifying genomic DNA, cutting it into fragments using restriction enzymes, ligating the fragments into lambda phage vectors, and transforming the recombinant DNA into a bacterial host to generate a library of clones representing the entire genome.
Gene cloning
Gene cloning involves producing multiple copies of a gene using genetic engineering techniques. The main steps are: isolating the donor DNA fragment, inserting it into a vector, transforming host cells, and selecting recombinant cells containing the desired DNA insert. Gene cloning strategies include creating genomic DNA libraries, which contain all DNA from an organism's genome, and cDNA libraries, which contain only coding regions created from mRNA. Genomic libraries contain both coding and non-coding regions from genomes, while cDNA libraries contain only coding exons synthesized from mRNA using reverse transcriptase.
Principle and procedure for making Genomic library and cDNA library.pptx
This document presents information on genomic and cDNA libraries. It begins by defining a gene library as a collection of DNA sequences from an organism cloned into a vector. There are two main types - genomic libraries containing all sequences from the genome, and cDNA libraries containing sequences represented in mRNA. The document then describes the principles, vectors, and procedures used to construct each type of library. Key steps include fragmenting genomic DNA, ligating fragments into vectors, and amplifying the libraries in host cells for genomic libraries, and reverse transcribing mRNA and ligating cDNA into vectors for cDNA libraries. The advantages and disadvantages of each approach are also summarized.
Genomic DNA And Complementary DNA Libraries construction.
Genomic DNA And Complementary DNA Libraries construction.
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Principle and procedure for making Genomic library and cDNA library.pptx
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Genomic DNA And Complementary DNA Libraries construction.
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Medicinal Plants.pptx
This document summarizes several medicinal plants and their uses. It describes Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi), which is used to treat fever, bronchitis, arthritis and more. Vitex negundo is used for throat/mouth disorders, asthma, rheumatism and tuberculosis. Rauvolfia serpentina was the first antihypertensive drug and is also used for cardiovascular diseases, schizophrenia and more. Catharanthus roseus contains compounds used to treat cancer. Withania somnifera is used for nervous disorders, stress, arthritis and diabetes. The document provides details on the family, uses, active compounds and pharmacological studies of these and several other plants.
Respiration by Mr. K. S. Sontakke
This document provides information about plant respiration. It begins with defining respiration as an intracellular process of oxidation that breaks down organic substances to produce energy in the form of ATP. The key steps of aerobic respiration are then summarized: glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport system. Glycolysis produces a small amount of ATP through partial oxidation of glucose. The Krebs cycle further oxidizes molecules to generate more ATP. During the electron transport system, ATP is extensively produced through oxidative phosphorylation as electrons are transferred through protein complexes. Anaerobic respiration is also discussed as an energy-producing process that occurs without oxygen.
Photosynthesis by Mr. K. S. Sontakke
This document provides information about plant physiology and photosynthesis. It defines plant physiology, lists some key processes studied in plant physiology like photosynthesis and discusses important figures in the history of plant physiology. It then goes into detail explaining the process of photosynthesis, including the light and dark reactions, chloroplast structure, photosynthetic pigments, photophosphorylation, the Calvin cycle, C3 and C4 pathways. It compares and contrasts these pathways. The document also discusses quantum requirement, photorespiration, CAM pathway and the significance of photosynthesis.
Utilization of Plants by Mr. Kailash Sontakke
The document discusses several plants and their uses including black pepper, clove, cinnamon, cardamom, eucalyptus, and aloe vera. It provides information on their botanical classification, traditional medicinal uses, economic importance as spices or other products, and in some cases chemical constituents. It also covers general topics like sources of firewood, timber, bamboo, and pharmacognosy.
Tools and tech. in Genetic Engineering and Restriction Enzymes by Kailash Son...
This document discusses genetic engineering tools and restriction enzymes. It describes how restriction enzymes are used to cut DNA at specific recognition sequences, producing either blunt or sticky ends. Some key restriction enzymes are described such as EcoRI, HindIII, and BamHI. The document also covers the discovery of restriction enzymes, their classification into Types I, II, and III, and their nomenclature based on the bacteria they were discovered in.
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) by Kailash Sontakke
This document provides an overview of polymerase chain reaction (PCR). It explains that PCR is a technique used to amplify a specific sequence of DNA. It was developed in 1983 by Kary Mullis and involves cycling between high and low temperatures to denature and extend DNA. The basic steps of PCR are denaturation to separate DNA strands, annealing of primers, and extension of new DNA strands by a DNA polymerase. PCR has advantages like being able to amplify small amounts of DNA and not requiring radioactive materials. There are also different types of PCR like real-time PCR, nested PCR, and long-range PCR.
Genetic Engineering by Kailash Sontakke Botany Sem-VI Unit-IV all
This presentation is as per the curriculum of B.Sc-III Sem-VI Unit-V subject Botany of SGBAU Amravati
Gene transfer techniques in plants by Kailash Sontakke
This document discusses various gene transfer techniques, including both direct and indirect methods. Indirect gene transfer uses Agrobacterium tumefaciens bacteria to transfer genes into plant cells. The Ti plasmid from Agrobacterium is used to introduce new genes between the plasmid's border sequences, which will then be integrated into the plant genome. Direct methods include calcium phosphate transfection, PEG-mediated transfection of protoplasts, electroporation, and biolistics/gene gun which coats DNA onto microparticles that are physically shot into plant cells. Both transient and stable transformation can occur, with stable integration allowing for inheritance of the transgene.
Cloning vectors by Kailash Sontakke
This document discusses different types of cloning vectors. It begins by defining a cloning vector as a vector used to reproduce a DNA fragment. It then describes some key properties of good vectors, including being small in size and having an origin of replication and antibiotic resistance. The main types of vectors discussed are plasmids, bacteriophages, cosmids, and artificial chromosomes. Plasmids are described as the first vectors used, being naturally occurring and able to clone fragments up to 10kb. Lambda phage and M13 phage vectors are discussed as able to clone larger fragments. Cosmids are defined as combining plasmid and phage features to clone fragments up to 50kb.
More from KAILASHSONTAKKE (9)
Tools and tech. in Genetic Engineering and Restriction Enzymes by Kailash Son...
Tools and tech. in Genetic Engineering and Restriction Enzymes by Kailash Son...
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) by Kailash Sontakke
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) by Kailash Sontakke
Genetic Engineering by Kailash Sontakke Botany Sem-VI Unit-IV all
Genetic Engineering by Kailash Sontakke Botany Sem-VI Unit-IV all
Gene transfer techniques in plants by Kailash Sontakke
Gene transfer techniques in plants by Kailash Sontakke
Recently uploaded
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
Sharlene Leurig - Enabling Onsite Water Use with Net Zero Water
Sharlene Leurig - Enabling Onsite Water Use with Net Zero WaterTexas Alliance of Groundwater Districts
Presented at June 6-7 Texas Alliance of Groundwater Districts Business MeetingApplied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
Shallowest Oil Discovery of Turkiye.pptx
The Petroleum System of the Çukurova Field - the Shallowest Oil Discovery of Türkiye, Adana
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
如何办理(uvic毕业证书)维多利亚大学毕业证本科学位证书原版一模一样
原版纸张【微信：741003700 】【(uvic毕业证书)维多利亚大学毕业证】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Bob Reedy - Nitrate in Texas Groundwater.pdf
Presented at June 6-7 Texas Alliance of Groundwater Districts Business Meeting
ANAMOLOUS SECONDARY GROWTH IN DICOT ROOTS.pptx
Abnormal or anomalous secondary growth in plants. It defines secondary growth as an increase in plant girth due to vascular cambium or cork cambium. Anomalous secondary growth does not follow the normal pattern of a single vascular cambium producing xylem internally and phloem externally.
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvement
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
bordetella pertussis.................................ppt
Bordettela is a gram negative cocobacilli spread by air born drop let
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE .
Austrian-Slovenian HPC Meeting 2024 – ASHPC24, Seeblickhotel Grundlsee in Austria, 10–13 June 2024
https://ashpc.eu/
原版制作(carleton毕业证书)卡尔顿大学毕业证硕士文凭原版一模一样
原版纸张【微信：741003700 】【(carleton毕业证书)卡尔顿大学毕业证】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
SAR of Medicinal Chemistry 1st by dk.pdf
In this presentation include the prototype drug SAR on thus or with their examples .
Syllabus of Second Year B. Pharmacy
2019 PATTERN.
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ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
aziz sancar nobel prize winner: from mardin to nobel
aziz sancar nobel prize winner: from mardin to nobel
Sharlene Leurig - Enabling Onsite Water Use with Net Zero Water
Sharlene Leurig - Enabling Onsite Water Use with Net Zero Water
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
bordetella pertussis.................................ppt
bordetella pertussis.................................ppt
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
Genomic and c dna library by Kailash Sontakke
- 1. GENOMIC AND cDNA LIBRARY B. SC-III SEMESTER-VI Mr. Kailash S. Sontakke Assistant Professor Dept. of Botany, G.S.G.College, Umarkhed. sontakke@gsgcollege.edu.in
- 2. GENOMIC LIBRARY A genomic library contains all the sequences present in the genome of an organism. Genomic library. Gene bank or genomic library is a complete collection of cloned DNA fragments which comprises the entire genome of an organism The difference between both of these libraries is that genomic library comprises DNA fragments which express the entire genome of an organism while in cDNA library, mRNA is taken from particular cells of an organism, and then cDNA consists of this mRNA in a reaction that is catalyzed by an enzyme.
- 3. • In humans, approximately 25,000 genes exit among the 3 billion base pairs of DNA in the genome. • To study anyone of these genes, a researcher first isolates it from all of the other genes in an organisms DNA. • One isolation method has a relatively long history and involves the construction of a DNA library • When a gene is identified and copied, it is said to have been “cloned”
- 4. • The term “library” can refer to a population of organism, each of which carries a DNA molecule inserted into a cloning vector, or alternatively to the collection of all of the cloned vector molecules. • Collection of DNA fragments that have been cloned into vectors so that researchers can identify and isolate the DNA fragments that interest them for further study. • For ease of purification, storage and analysis.
- 5. Genomic library (made from genomicDNA) DNA Library cDNA Library (made from cDNA- copyof mRNA)
- 6. FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF LIBRARY • Size of the gene • Capacity of the vector • Molecular tools • Vectors
- 8. STEPS FOR CONSTRUCTION OF GENOMIC LIBRARY • Isolation of DNA from cells • Digestion into small fragments • Introduction into suitable vectors • Insertion into bacteria • DNA isolation • Collection of Genomic DNA library
- 10. USES OF GENOMIC LIBRARY
- 11. CDNA BANK OR CDNA LIBRARY. DNA copy of an mRNA molecule is known as copy DNA or cDNA (also called complementary DNA).
- 12. A cDNA library is a combination of cloned cDNA (complementary DNA) fragments inserted into a collection of host cells, of which constitute some portion of the transcriptome of the organism and are stored as a "library". cDNA is produced from fully transcribed mRNA found in the nucleus and therefore contains only the expressed genes of an organism. Similarly, tissue-specific cDNA libraries can be produced. In eukaryotic cells the mature mRNA is already spliced, hence the cDNA produced lacks introns and can be readily expressed in a bacterial cell. While information in cDNA libraries is a powerful and useful tool since gene products are easily identified, the libraries lack information about enhancers, introns, and other regulatory elements found in a genomic DNA library.
- 13. STEPS IN CDNA LIBRARY CONSTRUCTION Isolation / Extraction of mRNA Construction of cDNA / complementary DNA
- 15. APPLICATIONS AND USES OF CDNA LIBRARY Storage of reduced amount of information due to the removal of non-coding regions. cDNA can be directly expressed in prokaryotic organisms. cDNA libraries are useful in reverse genetics where the additional genomic information is of less use. cDNA library is useful for isolating gene that codes for particular mRNA.