Genomic library and shotgun sequencing. It includes the topics about genomic library,construction method, its uses and applications, shotgun sequencing, difference between random and whole genome sequencing, its advantages and disadvantages etc.
In humans, approximately 25,000 genes exit among the 3 billion base pairs of DNA in the genome.
To study anyone of these genes, a researcher first isolates it from all of the other genes in an organisms DNA.
One isolation method has a relatively long history and involves the construction of a DNA library
When a gene is identified and copied, it is said to have been “cloned”
Genomic library and shotgun sequencing. It includes the topics about genomic library,construction method, its uses and applications, shotgun sequencing, difference between random and whole genome sequencing, its advantages and disadvantages etc.
In humans, approximately 25,000 genes exit among the 3 billion base pairs of DNA in the genome.
To study anyone of these genes, a researcher first isolates it from all of the other genes in an organisms DNA.
One isolation method has a relatively long history and involves the construction of a DNA library
When a gene is identified and copied, it is said to have been “cloned”
DNA Libraries are collection of fragments of DNA cloned to a vector so that researchers can easily identify and isolate a particular gene of interest for future use.
National Agricultural Innovation Project (NAIP), ICAR and the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) organized a two day workshop on ‘Impact of capacity building programs under NAIP’ on June 6-7, 2014 at AP Shinde Auditorium, NASC Complex, Pusa, New Delhi. The main purpose of the workshop was to present and discuss the findings of the impact evaluation study on capacity building programs under NAIP by IFPRI. The scientists from ICAR and agricultural universities were sent abroad to receive training in specialized research techniques. Post-training, scientists were expected to work on collaborative projects within the ICAR, which would further enrich their knowledge and skills, expand their research network and stimulate them’ to improve their productivity, creativity and quality of their research. The ICAR commissioned with IFPRI (International Food Policy Research Institute) to undertake an evaluation of these capacity building programs under NAIP in July 2012. The workshop shared the findings on the impact of capacity building programs under NAIP and evolve strategies for future capacity building programs
Cloning is a technique scientists use to make exact genetic copies of living things. Genes, cells, tissues, and even whole animals can all be cloned. Some clones already exist in nature. Single-celled organisms like bacteria make exact copies of themselves each time they reproduce.
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...Travis Hills MN
Travis Hills of Minnesota developed a method to convert waste into high-value dry fertilizer, significantly enriching soil quality. By providing farmers with a valuable resource derived from waste, Travis Hills helps enhance farm profitability while promoting environmental stewardship. Travis Hills' sustainable practices lead to cost savings and increased revenue for farmers by improving resource efficiency and reducing waste.
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptxMAGOTI ERNEST
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Salas, V. (2024) "John of St. Thomas (Poinsot) on the Science of Sacred Theol...Studia Poinsotiana
I Introduction
II Subalternation and Theology
III Theology and Dogmatic Declarations
IV The Mixed Principles of Theology
V Virtual Revelation: The Unity of Theology
VI Theology as a Natural Science
VII Theology’s Certitude
VIII Conclusion
Notes
Bibliography
All the contents are fully attributable to the author, Doctor Victor Salas. Should you wish to get this text republished, get in touch with the author or the editorial committee of the Studia Poinsotiana. Insofar as possible, we will be happy to broker your contact.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptxPRIYANKA PATEL
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
DERIVATION OF MODIFIED BERNOULLI EQUATION WITH VISCOUS EFFECTS AND TERMINAL V...Wasswaderrick3
In this book, we use conservation of energy techniques on a fluid element to derive the Modified Bernoulli equation of flow with viscous or friction effects. We derive the general equation of flow/ velocity and then from this we derive the Pouiselle flow equation, the transition flow equation and the turbulent flow equation. In the situations where there are no viscous effects , the equation reduces to the Bernoulli equation. From experimental results, we are able to include other terms in the Bernoulli equation. We also look at cases where pressure gradients exist. We use the Modified Bernoulli equation to derive equations of flow rate for pipes of different cross sectional areas connected together. We also extend our techniques of energy conservation to a sphere falling in a viscous medium under the effect of gravity. We demonstrate Stokes equation of terminal velocity and turbulent flow equation. We look at a way of calculating the time taken for a body to fall in a viscous medium. We also look at the general equation of terminal velocity.
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skills
1. A Talk on Genomic Library
By
ABDUR RASHID KHAN & IFTEKHAR RASOOL
Department of Plant Protection
King Saud University Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
2. DNA LIBRARY
The term “library” refers a population of organism, each of which carries a DNA
molecule inserted into a cloning vector.
Collection of DNA fragments that have been cloned into vectors so that researchers
can identify and isolate the DNA fragment or gene of interest.
For ease of purification, storage and analysis.
3. Types of DNA Library
Genomic library
(made from chromosomal DNA)
DNA Library
cDNA Library
(made from mRNA)
4. What is Genomic Library
Contains DNA fragments representing entire genome of an organism.
Created using molecular cloning.
Genome size is expressed in terms of no. of base pairs (bp).
The sizes of genomes in different species are variable.
Difference in prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes.
• In prokaryotes, the genes are continuous.
• Eukaryotes, the coding regions (exons) are separated by non-coding regions (introns).
Therefore, the construction of gene libraries for eukaryotes is more complicated.
5. Importance of Genomic Library
Used to explore the genome of an organism and to learn more about the genomic
structure and function.
Used to create a genomic map and to identify the locations of specific genes.
Used to study the genetic variations such as mutations (Cancer).
Useful in recombinant DNA technology, like transgenic plants or animals through genetic
engineering (B.T cotton).
It is the first step in any DNA sequencing projects.
6. Steps of Genomic Library construction
Isolation of DNA from cells.
Digestion into small fragments.
Introduction into suitable vectors.
Insertion into bacteria.
DNA isolation.
Collection of Genomic DNA library.
Chromosomal DNA
Gene Fragments
Recombinant DNA
Recombinant DNA in E. Coli
Restriction endonuclease
Vector
E.Coli
7. Vectors used for Genomic Library
Vector of Prokaryotic or eukaryotic, can be selected Depending upon the size
of genome
8. Isolation and Digestion
• DNA is isolated from the cell
• Restriction endonuclease enzyme is used
for digestion of chromosomal DNA
• Different kinds of restriction enzymes give
different lengths of fragments.
• Digestion activity may give sticky ends
(EcoR1) or blunt ends (Sma1)
• EcoRI recognizes the sequence at 5′-
GAATTC-3′, which produces fragments of
different sizes.
9. Ligation and Insertion in vector
There are two ways for ligation of sticky ends
1. Conversion of sticky ends into blunts end
Ligation can be achieved by using bacteriophage
T4, called T4 DNA ligase.
This enzyme adds nucleotides to overhanging
fragments to reconstruct cleavage site
This enzyme forms a covalent bond between the
5′- phosphate at the end of one strand and the 3′-
hydroxyl of the adjacent strand.
Or the blunt ends can also be achieved by
digestion of overhanging ends through
exonuclease activity.
10. Ligation and Insertion in vector
2. Using sticky ends directly into vector
Required fragments are separated by agarose gel electrophoresis
Digest the vector by using same restriction enzyme used for DNA
digestion
DNA fragments are inserted into a suitable vector (Plasmid)
Each fragment is different and have a unique DNA sequence
DNA ligase is used to ligate DNA fragments with vector
The resulting molecules are recombinant plasmid/Cosmid etc
Using this procedure, about 25kb DNA fragments can be inserted
into vectors.
11. Insertion and Replication in Bacteria
Recombinant plasmid are inserted into host bacteria (E.coli )
Recombinant bacteria are grown in culture to take up the
DNA.
They replicate their genome along with the vector genome
and produce clones of the original genome.
This collection of clones which contains all the sequences
found in the original source, including the sequence of
interest that forms the genomic library.
14. Problems and Solutions of Genomic Library
1. Problem in Genome Library
The gene may be cut internally with the restriction enzyme used, therefore a single
required sequence is not obtained.
The gene of interest obtained by the restriction enzyme may be larger than the vector.
2. Solution
Random cloning of DNA fragments of large size ≥ 20 kb
15. Screening Strategies of Gene Libraries
(1) Screening by Colony Hybridization
(2) Screening by DNA Hybridization
(3) Screening by PCR
(4) Screening by Immunological Assay and
(5) Screening by Protein Function.