General Anatomy of muscle discusses the nomenclature, attachments, nerve supply, and actions of muscles. Muscles are named according to their shape, number of heads, location, fiber direction, attachments, and nerve supply. Injuries to nerves can result in paralysis of innervated muscles and functional impairments. For example, injury to the median nerve can cause the "Pope's blessing" sign where the lateral fingers fail to flex when making a fist. The document provides examples of muscle names and the effects of nerve injuries on muscle function.

1. General Anatomy of muscle
By
Dr. Abdul Waheed Ansari
Chairperson & Prof. Anatomy,
RAKCOMS.RAKMHSU.

2. Learning outcomes
• Nomenclature of muscles
• Attachments of muscles
• Nerve supply
• Actions
• Paralysis of the muscles
• Clinical conditions involving muscles

3. The skeletal muscles are the one of the basic tissues of
our body destined for contraction and mobility of the
body
• They are named according
to their shape
Triangular muscle is named
as deltoid, rhomboid if
muscle is in rhomboid,
trapezius if it is trapezoid in
shape.

4. Depending on the number of heads
• Two heads muscle-
Biceps
• Three heads muscle-
triceps
• Four headed muscle-
quadriceps

5. Some muscles are named according to
their location
• Temporal region-
temporalis
• Frontalis is on the fore
head
• Intercostal muscles are in
the intercostal spaces
• Abdominal muscles are in
the abdominal wall
• Muscles on the face are
facial muscles
• Muscles for mastications
are temporalis, masseter,
medial and lateral
pterygoid muscles.
• Muscles of tongue are
having glossus at the end
of the area-
hyoglossus,genioglossus,
Styloglossus, and
thyroglossus.

6. If a muscle is scale like it is
called as scalene anterior

7. Muscles are named according to their
attachments
• Sternocleidomastoid is
attached to sternum,
clavicle and mastoid
process.
• Muscles are named as
flexors if they act as
flexors-flexor digitorum
• If the muscles are in the
superficial layer-flexor
digitorum superficialis;if
they are deeply situated it
is called as flexor
digitorum profundus.
• If the muscles fibers are
running circular-orbicularis
oris, orbicularis oculi.
• If they perform supination-
supinator
• If pronation is done-it is
pronator teres and
pronator quadratus-if the
muscle perform pronation
and in shape quadrangular
in shape.

9. Flexor digitorum
profundus
• Flexor digitorum
superficialis
Pronator quadratus

10. The muscles are named according to
the fibers directions
• Unipennate muscles are
having fibers directed in
one direction, example
are lateral 2 lumbrical
muscles are unipennate.
• Bipennate muscles are
having fibers running in
two directions, example
biceps femoris.
• A multipennate muscle is
having fibers in more
directions. Example are
deltoid and subscapularis.

13. Some muscles have two bellies
• Digastric muscle has
two bellies-anterior
belly and posterior
belly.
• Omohyoid has two
superior belly and
inferior belly.
• If a muscle is big in size
–it is called as major
and if another is lying
underneath it and is
small-it is called as
minor= pectoralis major
and minor.
• If a muscle is round it is
called as teres major
and teres minor.

15. Hamstring group of muscles
• Biceps femoris
• Semimembranosus
• Semitendinosus
• Hamstring part of adductor
magnus

16. Nerve supply of the muscles
• The actions of the
muscle are depended
on their intact nerve
supply.
• If the nerve supply is
injured there will be
paralysis of that muscle
and the action of that
muscle is not possible.
• The flexor group of muscle
of arm is supplied by
musculocutaneous nerve.
• Injury to
musculocutaneous nerve
will paralyses the biceps
brachi, brachialis and
coracobrachialis.
• Flexion of elbow is
compromised.

17. The nerve supply to the facial muscle
is by facial nerve
• Injury to facial nerve
will result in Bell’s
paralysis.

18. If there is an injury to sensory nerve, there
will be loss of sensory function
• When glossopharyngeal
nerve is injured there will
be loss of taste sensation
from the posterior third of
tongue surface
• When vagus nerve is
paralyzed, there will be
difficulty in swallowing-
dysphagia and palatal
muscles are paralyzed.

19. Paralysis of hypoglossal nerve
• When left hypoglossal
nerve is injured, the tip
of the tongue is
deviated to the left
side-same side of the
lesion.

20. Injury to the axillary nerve
• Result in flattening of
the shoulder

21. Effects of paralysis
• Wasting of the
hypothenar muscle are
observed when there is
ulnar nerve injury

22. Paralysis of gluteal muscles
• Injury to inferior gluteal
nerve will result in difficulty
in climbing stairs, step on
bus, arise from chair.
• There is paralysis of gluteus
maximus.
• Hip extension and lateral
rotation at hip is lost.
• Radiograph of a patient who
had posterior dislocation of
hip joint , injuring the
inferior gluteal nerve is
shown.

23. Supracondylar fracture of humerus will injure the median nerve,
when making fist, medial two fingers will flex, the lateral fingers
fails to flex.( Pope’s blessing)

24. References
• http://www.memorangapp.com/fl
ashcards/3377/Nerve+Injuries/US
MLE+Step+2+CK+Musculoskeletal/
#review
• http://www.slideshare.net/zernwo
man/ch-6-lab-quiz-study-practice-
anterior-body-muscles?related=1
• http://www.cram.com/flashcards/
bio-231-oit-cadaver-study-for-
final-935414
• https://www.superteachertools.ne
t/speedmatch/speedmatchfromj.p
hp?gamefile=1413131016#.Visu4G
4YGaw
• https://www.studyblue.com/note
s/note/n/exam-3/deck/8569365
• https://quizlet.com/2990629/cha
pter-10-the-muscular-system-
flash-cards/
• https://www.studyblue.com/note
s/note/n/anat-101-study-guide-
2012-13-thomas/deck/9723181
• http://academic.amc.edu/martino
/grossanatomy/site/medical/lab%
20manual/gastrointestinal/Dissect
ions/Anterior%20Triangle/Anterio
r%20Triangle22.htm
• http://academic.amc.edu/martino
/grossanatomy/site/medical/Lab%
20Manual/musculoskeletal/UE%2
0Dissections/Axilla/Axilla19.htm