The document discusses hyphenated analytical techniques, specifically gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). It outlines the advantages of hyphenated techniques, describes the instrumentation and interface of GC-MS, and lists several applications including metabolite profiling, detection of compounds in plant tissues, analysis of aromatic amines, identification of volatile components, and environmental and forensic analysis. GC-MS is presented as a powerful technique for the sensitive analysis of various compounds.

1. GUIDED BY SUBMITTED BY
MR. PRASHANT BENIWAL VIKRAMJEET SINGH
ASST. PROFESSOR

2. INTRODUCTION
HYPHENATED TECHNIQUES
ADVANTAGES
1. Shorter analysis time
2. Higher degree of automation
3. Higher sample throughput
4. Better reproducibility

3. TYPE OF DIFFERENT HYPHENATED
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES
 Gas chromatography- Mass spectrometry (GC-MS)
 Gas chromatography-Infra red spectroscopy
 Gas chromatography- Infra red spectroscopy- Mass
spectrometry
 Gas chromatography-Thin layer chromatography
 Liquid chromatography- Mass spectrometry
 Capillary electrophoresis- Mass spectrometry

4. GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY- MASS
SPECTROMETRY (GC-MS)
 INTRODUCTION
 PRINCIPLE

5. GAS CHROMATOGRAPH – MASS
SPECTROMETER INTERFACE
 Effusion Separator
 Jet/Orifice Separator
 Membrane Separator

6. GC- MS INSTRUMENTATION

7. GC-MS APPLICATIONS
 Metabolite profiling
 Detection of lipophilic compounds in diverse plant tissues
 Analysis of biologically important aromatic amines.
 Application to human dosimetry.
 For the sensitive and quantitative single-run analysis of acidic
phytohormones. and related compounds, and its application
to Arabidopsis thaliana
 Identification of volatile components
 For the determination of pyrethroid residues in vegetable
samples
 Analysis of Pesticides in Foodstuffs
 Environmental and forensic applications
 Miscellaneous

8. Metabolite profiling
 Toxicity assessment/toxicology
e.g. a specific lesion in liver or kidney
 Functional genomics
 Nutrigenomics:
e.g. Arabidopsis thaliana leaf extracts

9. Detection of lipophilic compounds
in diverse plant tissues
 liphophilic profiling of red and green tomato

10. Analysis of biologically important
aromatic amines and Application
to human dosimetry
e.g. Exposure to 2, 4-difluoroaniline (DFA) was
monitored by GC-MS of DFA adducts bound to
hemoglobin (Hb)

11. For the analysis of acidic phyto
hormones and related compounds
(i) Often, there is a highly local and controlled
production of enzymes of phytohormone bio
synthesis.
Examples; ethylene biosynthetic enzymes in
abscission zones Gibberellins biosynthetic enzymes in
embryo s (seeds) or meristems.
(ii) phytohormone production has unveiled an amazing
degree of interactions

12. Identification of volatile components
and For the determination of
pyrethroid residues in vegetable
samples
 volatile components in certified brand of origin (CBO)
Rias Baixas white wines

13. Environmental and forensic
applications
Types of analysis systems :
 photo ionization detectors (PIDs) with and without a
GC
 electrochemical and catalytic bead gas detection
systems
 colorimetric tube systems
 ion mobility based systems (IMS)
 GC-MS

14. Miscellaneous
 Environmental monitoring and cleanup
 Criminal forensics
 Law enforcement
 Sports anti-doping analysis
 Security
 Food, beverage and perfume analysis
 Medicine