Gamma camera
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This document provides an overview of nuclear medicine and the technologies used. It discusses radiopharmaceuticals, which consist of a chemical molecule and radionuclide, and are used in nuclear medicine to provide information about organ function. Gamma cameras are described as detecting radiation emitted from radiopharmaceuticals and producing images, while SPECT involves a gamma camera rotating around the patient to generate 3D tomographic images. The key components of gamma cameras and their operation are also summarized.
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The document summarizes the history and technology of computed tomography (CT) scanners. It describes how CT was developed in the 1970s by Godfrey Hounsfield and Alan Cormack, who were later awarded the Nobel Prize. It outlines the key innovations in each generation of CT scanners, from the first generation's pencil beam geometry to later generations' use of detector arrays and helical scanning, which reduced scan times. The document also discusses the components of a CT scanner, including the x-ray tube, detectors, and techniques for image reconstruction and calibration.
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Nuclear medicine scan.ppt
This document provides an overview of nuclear medicine and the technologies used. It discusses radiopharmaceuticals, which consist of a chemical molecule and radionuclide, and are used in nuclear medicine to provide information about organ function. Gamma cameras are described as detecting radiation emitted from radiopharmaceuticals and producing images, while SPECT involves a gamma camera rotating around the patient to generate 3D tomographic images. The key components of gamma cameras and their operation are also summarized.
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The document describes the construction and working principles of a gamma camera. It discusses how gamma cameras detect gamma rays emitted from radiopharmaceuticals injected into patients and use this information to create images. Key components include scintillation detectors, photomultiplier tubes, collimators, and data analysis systems. Gamma cameras convert gamma rays into light flashes in detectors, which are then converted into electrical signals to locate the source of radioactivity and form images for medical evaluation.
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The document summarizes the history and technology of computed tomography (CT) scanners. It describes how CT was developed in the 1970s by Godfrey Hounsfield and Alan Cormack, who were later awarded the Nobel Prize. It outlines the key innovations in each generation of CT scanners, from the first generation's pencil beam geometry to later generations' use of detector arrays and helical scanning, which reduced scan times. The document also discusses the components of a CT scanner, including the x-ray tube, detectors, and techniques for image reconstruction and calibration.
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X ray tube
Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen used a Crookes-Hittorf tube to produce the first x-rays in 1895. Early x-ray tubes had no shielding and emitted radiation in all directions, posing major hazards. Modern tubes are designed with shielding and safety features to overcome these problems. Key components of x-ray tubes include the cathode, which emits electrons via thermionic emission, the anode target, which converts the electrons' kinetic energy to x-rays, and various designs like rotating anodes to dissipate heat and improve performance.
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There are 7 generations of CT scanners that have advanced over time to provide faster acquisition times, better spatial resolution, and shorter reconstruction times. The document describes each generation's key features and advantages/disadvantages. First generation used a pencil beam and translate-rotate motion. Later generations introduced fan beams, complete rotation, ring detectors, and dual x-ray sources to improve imaging capabilities while reducing motion artifacts and scan times. The latest generations aim to differentiate tissue composition using dual-energy techniques.
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This document discusses nuclear medicine, which uses radioactive substances for diagnosis and treatment of diseases. It describes how nuclear medicine differs from normal medicine through the use of radioisotopes administered in small quantities. Various types of radioactive decay are explained, along with examples of diagnostic and therapeutic radioisotopes like 131I, 99mTc, 18F, and 177Lu. The document outlines procedures for diagnosing diseases like thyroid disorders and cancer using radiopharmaceutical tracers and imaging techniques. It also discusses how the same principles are applied to nuclear medicine therapy to treat conditions like thyroid cancer and neuroendocrine tumors.
CT detectors
The document discusses the key components of a CT scanner, including the gantry, data acquisition system (DAS), computer, and storage. It describes the detectors and data conversion process in the DAS, including scintillation and gas-filled detectors. Scintillation detectors were improved by replacing photomultiplier tubes with photo cathode assemblies, allowing for smaller size, lower cost, and not requiring separate power supplies. Common scintillation crystals mentioned include sodium iodide, bismuth germinate, cesium iodide, and cadmium tungstate. Gas-filled detectors provide similar efficiency and are constructed with large metallic chambers separated by approximately 1mm baffles. Examples of gases used include xenon
Dose calibrator
1) Dose calibrators are gas-filled ionization chambers used to measure the radioactivity of radionuclides by detecting the ionization current produced when radiation interacts with the gas.
2) They operate in the ionization chamber region where a constant voltage collects all ion pairs produced, allowing measurement of high activity levels without dead time effects.
3) Dose calibrators measure the total ionization current rather than individual energy events, so they cannot distinguish between radionuclides in mixed samples like solid scintillation counters can.
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The document discusses isotopic teletherapy machines, which use cobalt-60 or cesium-137 radioactive sources to produce gamma rays for external beam radiation therapy. It describes the components and operation of cobalt-60 teletherapy machines, including the radioactive cobalt-60 source, source housing, collimators, gantry, patient support assembly, and control console. Key factors in selecting radioisotopes are high gamma ray energy, long half-life, and ability to produce large quantities for clinical use.
The gamma camera
Nuclear medicine uses small amounts of radioactive material and imaging equipment like gamma cameras to diagnose and treat diseases. It can visualize the structure and function of organs and systems. Common uses in adults include evaluating bones, lungs, heart, and brain. The gamma camera detects radioactive emissions and converts them into images, composed of detector heads in a box shape attached to a circular gantry. Patients are given radioactive tracers orally or intravenously and imaged as the tracer accumulates in organs.
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This document provides an overview of nuclear medicine and radiology concepts. It discusses atomic and nuclear structure, radioactive decay processes like alpha, beta, and gamma decay, and how radiation interacts with matter through processes like the photoelectric effect and Compton scattering. It also describes common radiation detectors like gas-filled detectors and scintillation detectors. Finally, it summarizes several nuclear medicine imaging systems like planar imaging with gamma cameras and emission computed tomography with SPECT and PET.
A general introduction to nuclear medicine technology
Nuclear medicine uses small amounts of radioactive tracers and imaging equipment to produce images of internal organs and functions. Radiotracers are injected, inhaled, or swallowed and accumulate in tissues and organs, emitting gamma rays that are detected by a gamma camera and computer to create 2D and 3D images. Common radiotracers include technetium-99, which is administered depending on the organ or system being examined. Precautions are taken to minimize radiation exposure to patients and staff through proper handling and administration of radiotracers, use of shielding, monitoring of doses, and specialized safety training for the nuclear medicine team.
Recent advancements in modern x ray tube
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Medical Physics Imaging PET CT SPECT CT Lecture
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Radiation safety in diagnostic nuclear medicine
1. Radiation is a form of energy emitted by atoms in the form of electromagnetic waves or particles. Ionizing radiation can eject electrons from atoms and produce ions, while non-ionizing radiation excites electrons.
2. People are exposed to ionizing radiation from natural and man-made sources. Naturally occurring sources include terrestrial radiation, cosmic radiation, and internal radiation. Medical procedures such as CT scans, nuclear medicine exams, and fluoroscopy account for over 90% of man-made radiation exposure.
3. Radiation protection aims to take advantage of the benefits of radiation use while preventing deterministic effects and limiting stochastic effects to acceptable levels. Occupational dose limits are higher than public limits, and some populations like
Basic principle of gamma camera
This document provides an overview of gamma cameras and their components. It discusses how gamma cameras work by detecting gamma rays emitted from radiotracers administered to patients. The key components of a gamma camera are the collimator, detector crystal, photomultiplier tubes, and position logic circuits. Different types of collimators, such as parallel hole, converging, and diverging collimators are described along with their effects on resolution and sensitivity. The document also provides background on the history and uses of nuclear medicine and gamma cameras.
Nuclear medicine 2
Nuclear medicine uses radioactive tracers and imaging techniques to examine organ and tissue function. Tracers are introduced into the body and detected with gamma cameras to produce images. Common studies include cardiac perfusion, bone scans, and renal or lung function tests. Precautions are taken to minimize radiation exposure and ensure patient and staff safety.
What is Nuclear Medicine and PET?
Nuclear medicine uses radioactive substances to diagnose and treat disease. In diagnostic nuclear medicine, a radiopharmaceutical is administered to the patient and detected by a gamma camera to produce images of organ function. Positron emission tomography (PET) uses radiopharmaceuticals that emit positrons to produce highly accurate images of metabolic activity in the body, making it effective for cancer diagnosis, staging, assessing treatment response, and detecting recurrence. PET's most common radiopharmaceutical is fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), which is taken up by metabolically active cells including many cancers.
Advances in ct technology
Advances in CT technology allow for higher resolution imaging with multi-slice CT scanners. This provides benefits for visualizing complex anatomy, diseases, and evaluating vasculature non-invasively with techniques like CT angiography. Additional applications enabled by high resolution volumetric data include virtual bronchoscopy and colonoscopy which provide endoluminal views to evaluate airways and the colon with benefits over conventional scopes. While CT involves ionizing radiation, doses are addressed with new technologies and some procedures may replace more invasive options, proving new CT applications are of increasing clinical value.
Introduction to Nuclear Medicine
Nuclear medicine is a branch of medicine that uses radioactive tracers and imaging techniques to diagnose and treat diseases. It involves introducing radioactive substances into the patient's body and using a gamma camera to image their distribution and function within organs and tissues. Common nuclear medicine procedures include thyroid scans, bone scans, renal scans, and hepatobiliary scans to evaluate organ function. Positron emission tomography (PET) is an advanced nuclear medicine technique gaining importance in cancer imaging and care.
Nuclear Medicine
Nuclear medicine is an imaging specialty that uses radioactive tracers and detection systems to examine organ and tissue function. Tracers are introduced into the body and selectively taken up by organs, then detected by gamma cameras to create functional images. Common tracers include technetium-99m, iodine-131, and fluorine-18. The field has its origins in the late 19th century discoveries of x-rays and radioactivity by Roentgen, Becquerel, and the Curies. Pioneering work by Rutherford, Bohr, Chadwick, Lawrence and others led to an understanding of nuclear structure and the development of cyclotrons to produce artificial radionuclides for medical use. Tech
First lec (Nature Of X-Ray)
The document discusses the history and physics of x-rays, summarizing that x-rays were discovered in 1895 by Wilhelm Roentgen, and the first dental x-ray was taken later that year. It then provides details on the structure of matter, how x-rays are produced via the interaction of electrons with atoms, and the components and functioning of dental x-ray machines.
Gamma camera
The gamma camera produces images of organs that have taken up injected radioactive sources known as radioisotopes. It was invented in the 1960s by H. Anger and is sometimes called the Anger camera. The gamma camera uses radioisotopes injected into the bloodstream to create images of organs that have absorbed the radioactive material.
Gamma Camera
presentation contain information about gamma camera machine, how works the machine,what are the components and its working
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X ray tube
Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen used a Crookes-Hittorf tube to produce the first x-rays in 1895. Early x-ray tubes had no shielding and emitted radiation in all directions, posing major hazards. Modern tubes are designed with shielding and safety features to overcome these problems. Key components of x-ray tubes include the cathode, which emits electrons via thermionic emission, the anode target, which converts the electrons' kinetic energy to x-rays, and various designs like rotating anodes to dissipate heat and improve performance.
GENERATIONS OF COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
There are 7 generations of CT scanners that have advanced over time to provide faster acquisition times, better spatial resolution, and shorter reconstruction times. The document describes each generation's key features and advantages/disadvantages. First generation used a pencil beam and translate-rotate motion. Later generations introduced fan beams, complete rotation, ring detectors, and dual x-ray sources to improve imaging capabilities while reducing motion artifacts and scan times. The latest generations aim to differentiate tissue composition using dual-energy techniques.
Gynaecography
This document discusses gynaecology and gynaecography. It begins by introducing gynaecography as a technique used since 1926 to visualize the pelvic organs by injecting gas into the peritoneal cavity. It can show the normal uterus, tubes and ovaries on x-ray and detect abnormalities. The document then discusses the abdominal route as the preferred method and indications for gynaecography such as evaluating uterine and ovarian size and structure when examination is difficult. It concludes by listing contraindications like acute infection or haemorrhage.
Understanding nuclear medicine
This document discusses nuclear medicine, which uses radioactive substances for diagnosis and treatment of diseases. It describes how nuclear medicine differs from normal medicine through the use of radioisotopes administered in small quantities. Various types of radioactive decay are explained, along with examples of diagnostic and therapeutic radioisotopes like 131I, 99mTc, 18F, and 177Lu. The document outlines procedures for diagnosing diseases like thyroid disorders and cancer using radiopharmaceutical tracers and imaging techniques. It also discusses how the same principles are applied to nuclear medicine therapy to treat conditions like thyroid cancer and neuroendocrine tumors.
CT detectors
The document discusses the key components of a CT scanner, including the gantry, data acquisition system (DAS), computer, and storage. It describes the detectors and data conversion process in the DAS, including scintillation and gas-filled detectors. Scintillation detectors were improved by replacing photomultiplier tubes with photo cathode assemblies, allowing for smaller size, lower cost, and not requiring separate power supplies. Common scintillation crystals mentioned include sodium iodide, bismuth germinate, cesium iodide, and cadmium tungstate. Gas-filled detectors provide similar efficiency and are constructed with large metallic chambers separated by approximately 1mm baffles. Examples of gases used include xenon
Dose calibrator
1) Dose calibrators are gas-filled ionization chambers used to measure the radioactivity of radionuclides by detecting the ionization current produced when radiation interacts with the gas.
2) They operate in the ionization chamber region where a constant voltage collects all ion pairs produced, allowing measurement of high activity levels without dead time effects.
3) Dose calibrators measure the total ionization current rather than individual energy events, so they cannot distinguish between radionuclides in mixed samples like solid scintillation counters can.
Isotopic Teletherapy Machines
The document discusses isotopic teletherapy machines, which use cobalt-60 or cesium-137 radioactive sources to produce gamma rays for external beam radiation therapy. It describes the components and operation of cobalt-60 teletherapy machines, including the radioactive cobalt-60 source, source housing, collimators, gantry, patient support assembly, and control console. Key factors in selecting radioisotopes are high gamma ray energy, long half-life, and ability to produce large quantities for clinical use.
The gamma camera
Nuclear medicine uses small amounts of radioactive material and imaging equipment like gamma cameras to diagnose and treat diseases. It can visualize the structure and function of organs and systems. Common uses in adults include evaluating bones, lungs, heart, and brain. The gamma camera detects radioactive emissions and converts them into images, composed of detector heads in a box shape attached to a circular gantry. Patients are given radioactive tracers orally or intravenously and imaged as the tracer accumulates in organs.
Nuclear medicine
This document provides an overview of nuclear medicine and radiology concepts. It discusses atomic and nuclear structure, radioactive decay processes like alpha, beta, and gamma decay, and how radiation interacts with matter through processes like the photoelectric effect and Compton scattering. It also describes common radiation detectors like gas-filled detectors and scintillation detectors. Finally, it summarizes several nuclear medicine imaging systems like planar imaging with gamma cameras and emission computed tomography with SPECT and PET.
A general introduction to nuclear medicine technology
Nuclear medicine uses small amounts of radioactive tracers and imaging equipment to produce images of internal organs and functions. Radiotracers are injected, inhaled, or swallowed and accumulate in tissues and organs, emitting gamma rays that are detected by a gamma camera and computer to create 2D and 3D images. Common radiotracers include technetium-99, which is administered depending on the organ or system being examined. Precautions are taken to minimize radiation exposure to patients and staff through proper handling and administration of radiotracers, use of shielding, monitoring of doses, and specialized safety training for the nuclear medicine team.
Recent advancements in modern x ray tube
All the advancements in X-ray tubes till date are done to increase the Tube heat storage capacity thus increasing the lifetime of x -ray tubes. This slide explains about these recent advancements in x-ray tubes.
Medical Physics Imaging PET CT SPECT CT Lecture
The document discusses attenuation correction techniques in single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). It describes how attenuation causes decreased counts from activity deeper in the body, leading to apparent decreases in activity toward image centers. It covers methods to correct for this, including using transmission scans to create attenuation maps for use in reconstruction. It also addresses other factors like spatial resolution, magnification, center of rotation alignment, and uniformity and techniques to evaluate and correct them.
Radiation safety in diagnostic nuclear medicine
1. Radiation is a form of energy emitted by atoms in the form of electromagnetic waves or particles. Ionizing radiation can eject electrons from atoms and produce ions, while non-ionizing radiation excites electrons.
2. People are exposed to ionizing radiation from natural and man-made sources. Naturally occurring sources include terrestrial radiation, cosmic radiation, and internal radiation. Medical procedures such as CT scans, nuclear medicine exams, and fluoroscopy account for over 90% of man-made radiation exposure.
3. Radiation protection aims to take advantage of the benefits of radiation use while preventing deterministic effects and limiting stochastic effects to acceptable levels. Occupational dose limits are higher than public limits, and some populations like
Basic principle of gamma camera
This document provides an overview of gamma cameras and their components. It discusses how gamma cameras work by detecting gamma rays emitted from radiotracers administered to patients. The key components of a gamma camera are the collimator, detector crystal, photomultiplier tubes, and position logic circuits. Different types of collimators, such as parallel hole, converging, and diverging collimators are described along with their effects on resolution and sensitivity. The document also provides background on the history and uses of nuclear medicine and gamma cameras.
Nuclear medicine 2
Nuclear medicine uses radioactive tracers and imaging techniques to examine organ and tissue function. Tracers are introduced into the body and detected with gamma cameras to produce images. Common studies include cardiac perfusion, bone scans, and renal or lung function tests. Precautions are taken to minimize radiation exposure and ensure patient and staff safety.
What is Nuclear Medicine and PET?
Nuclear medicine uses radioactive substances to diagnose and treat disease. In diagnostic nuclear medicine, a radiopharmaceutical is administered to the patient and detected by a gamma camera to produce images of organ function. Positron emission tomography (PET) uses radiopharmaceuticals that emit positrons to produce highly accurate images of metabolic activity in the body, making it effective for cancer diagnosis, staging, assessing treatment response, and detecting recurrence. PET's most common radiopharmaceutical is fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), which is taken up by metabolically active cells including many cancers.
Advances in ct technology
Advances in CT technology allow for higher resolution imaging with multi-slice CT scanners. This provides benefits for visualizing complex anatomy, diseases, and evaluating vasculature non-invasively with techniques like CT angiography. Additional applications enabled by high resolution volumetric data include virtual bronchoscopy and colonoscopy which provide endoluminal views to evaluate airways and the colon with benefits over conventional scopes. While CT involves ionizing radiation, doses are addressed with new technologies and some procedures may replace more invasive options, proving new CT applications are of increasing clinical value.
Introduction to Nuclear Medicine
Nuclear medicine is a branch of medicine that uses radioactive tracers and imaging techniques to diagnose and treat diseases. It involves introducing radioactive substances into the patient's body and using a gamma camera to image their distribution and function within organs and tissues. Common nuclear medicine procedures include thyroid scans, bone scans, renal scans, and hepatobiliary scans to evaluate organ function. Positron emission tomography (PET) is an advanced nuclear medicine technique gaining importance in cancer imaging and care.
Nuclear Medicine
Nuclear medicine is an imaging specialty that uses radioactive tracers and detection systems to examine organ and tissue function. Tracers are introduced into the body and selectively taken up by organs, then detected by gamma cameras to create functional images. Common tracers include technetium-99m, iodine-131, and fluorine-18. The field has its origins in the late 19th century discoveries of x-rays and radioactivity by Roentgen, Becquerel, and the Curies. Pioneering work by Rutherford, Bohr, Chadwick, Lawrence and others led to an understanding of nuclear structure and the development of cyclotrons to produce artificial radionuclides for medical use. Tech
First lec (Nature Of X-Ray)
The document discusses the history and physics of x-rays, summarizing that x-rays were discovered in 1895 by Wilhelm Roentgen, and the first dental x-ray was taken later that year. It then provides details on the structure of matter, how x-rays are produced via the interaction of electrons with atoms, and the components and functioning of dental x-ray machines.
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A general introduction to nuclear medicine technology
A general introduction to nuclear medicine technology
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Gamma camera
The gamma camera produces images of organs that have taken up injected radioactive sources known as radioisotopes. It was invented in the 1960s by H. Anger and is sometimes called the Anger camera. The gamma camera uses radioisotopes injected into the bloodstream to create images of organs that have absorbed the radioactive material.
Gamma Camera
presentation contain information about gamma camera machine, how works the machine,what are the components and its working
Gamma Camera
The gamma camera, also known as the Anger camera, was developed in 1957 to detect gamma rays emitted from radiotracers introduced into the body. It uses a collimator, sodium iodide crystal, photomultiplier tubes, preamplifiers, and other components to detect gamma rays and determine their position, which can then be plotted and displayed. The gamma camera is used to scan the whole body and produce anatomical images using computer reconstruction of the gamma ray emission data.
Gamma camera components
A gamma camera consists of a collimator, NaI(TA) crystal, photomultiplier tubes, pre-amplifier, position logic circuits, amplifier, pulse height analyzer, data analysis computer, and display. The collimator selects gamma ray direction and the crystal converts gamma rays to visible light. Photomultiplier tubes detect and amplify the light, and the signal is processed by pre-amplifiers, amplifiers, and computers to produce diagnostic images on a display. Gamma cameras are used to detect medical problems like cancer tumors, bone fractures, and abnormal organ function.
Nuclear Medicine Instrumentation and quality control presentation
This document discusses various equipment used in nuclear medicine and their quality control, including:
- Ionization chambers such as dose calibrators which measure radiation exposure rates.
- Gamma cameras which detect gamma rays and form images using collimators, scintillation crystals, photomultiplier tubes, and computers.
- SPECT which provides 3D tomographic images using gamma cameras to acquire multiple 2D images from different angles.
It also covers quality control procedures for dose calibrators and gamma cameras including geometry, accuracy, linearity, and constancy tests to ensure proper functioning and accurate measurements.
Gamma Camera Image Quality
Notes from my lecture for technologists at Lehigh Valley Medical Center. Includes noise/sensitivity, resolution, and ROC curves
Radiopharmaceuticals p3
99mTc is commonly used for radiopharmaceuticals due to its favorable properties: it emits gamma radiation with a half-life of 6 hours, can be produced from a molybdenum-99 generator in hospitals, and is easily attached to transport compounds. 131I is useful for thyroid imaging but its gamma emission is too high an energy and it has a half-life of 8 days. 123I is preferred to 131I as it only emits gamma radiation with a suitable energy of 159 keV and a half-life of 13 hours, though it is more expensive. Radionuclides used for medical imaging should emit only gamma rays, have a short half-life, emit gamma of appropriate energy
LIST OF RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS USED IN NUCLEAR MEDICINE
List of Radiopharmaceuticals used in Nuclear Medicine with their respective chemical forms, half-lives, trade names, manufacturer and diagnostic uses.
Gamma Camera.. Shatha and Haya
The document provides an overview of gamma cameras, including their basic physics, applications, advantages, disadvantages, and safety aspects. Gamma cameras produce functional images of body parts after a radiopharmaceutical is injected into a patient and emits gamma rays. The gamma rays are detected by the camera's collimator, scintillation detector, photomultiplier tubes, and position logic circuit to produce a readable image. Some applications include bone scans, myocardial perfusion scans, and thyroid uptake studies. Safety measures are important for workers, patients, and the camera device itself.
Image quality in nuclear medicine
The document discusses various factors that affect image quality in nuclear medicine imaging, including spatial resolution, contrast, and noise. It describes methods for evaluating spatial resolution such as using bar phantoms or line spread functions. Modulation transfer functions can also be used to characterize spatial resolution and compare different imaging systems. Image contrast and noise are affected by factors like radiopharmaceutical uptake, scatter radiation, and count rates. Quality assurance tests are important for ensuring optimal system performance and image quality.
Nuclear imaging PET CT Imaging Medical Physics Nuclear Medicine
The document discusses various types of collimators used in nuclear imaging, including parallel-hole collimators (such as low-energy high-sensitivity, low-energy all-purpose, and low-energy high-resolution collimators), pinhole collimators, converging collimators, and diverging collimators. It explains how each collimator works, its advantages and disadvantages, and factors that affect its imaging characteristics such as sensitivity, resolution, and field of view. The document also discusses image formation in gamma cameras and factors that affect spatial resolution and contrast.
Gammacamera saidur
The document summarizes the key components of a gamma camera, which include a collimator, NaI(TA) crystal, photomultiplier tubes, pre-amplifier, position logic circuits, amplifier, pulse height analyzer, data analysis computer, and display. The collimator is made of lead and maintains image quality by selecting gamma ray direction. The NaI(TA) crystal converts gamma rays to visible light photons. Photomultiplier tubes detect and amplify the electrons produced in the crystal. The signal is further amplified before being processed by the computer to reconstruct an image. Gamma cameras are used to detect medical problems like cancer tumors, bone fractures, and organ abnormalities.
Coffre à outils pour les auteurs - Comment faire des vidéos toutes simples
Pendant la formation sur le marketing des ebooks Kindle, offerte par Jean-Philippe Touzeau en septembre 2014, nous avons mentionné l'intérêt de mettre des vidéos sur YouTube pour faire la promotion de vos ebooks.
Peut-être que, tout comme moi, vous ne vous sentez pas à l’aise devant une caméra ?
Vous pouvez très bien réaliser des vidéos sans JAMAIS vous montrer devant une caméra ni même enregistrer votre voix.
Vous découvrirez ici quelques petites astuces pour y parvenir.
8labgamma
A gamma camera was invented by H. Anger in the 1960s to produce images for medical diagnosis. It works by injecting a radioactive tracer into the patient, which emits gamma rays that are detected by a gamma camera. The camera uses a sodium iodide crystal to convert gamma rays into light flashes, which are converted into electrical signals by photomultipliers. A computer then analyzes the signals to construct an image showing the distribution of the radioactive tracer in the body.
La cámara gamma
La cámara gamma permite realizar estudios de medicina nuclear mediante la inyección o inhalación de sustancias radioactivas inocuas. Estas sustancias se alojan en órganos específicos permitiendo su visualización a través de la radiación emitida y captada por el cabezal de la máquina. La cámara gamma utiliza conceptos de radiactividad nuclear, física, química, biología e informática para procesar y presentar imágenes de los órganos.
nuclear medicine
Nuclear Medicine.................
Radioactivity………………
Gamma camera………………
PET scan and SPECT scan…...........
Nuclear Medicine Studies…………..
Nuclear Medicine Team……………
Safety in Nuclear Medicine…………
QC Gamma Camera
A quality control for new equipment should start with an acceptance test to verify the equipment meets the specifications given by the vendor. The acceptance test should be performed according to accepted international standards and may require the use of instruments and phantoms not available in the department. The acceptance test forms the basis of the reference tests routinely performed in the department during the life-time of the equipment according to a schedule worked out by the medical physicist in cooperation with the nuclear medicine department. Certain parameters should be tested daily, others on weekly, monthly and yearly basis.
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- 1. INTRODUCTION TO GAMMA CAMERA SIR SYED UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY SYED HAMMAD AKHTER 2012-BM-071 PRESENTED TO ENGR. FAHAD AKBER
- 2. Developed by Hal Anger at Berkeley in 1957 therefore also called Anger camera Gamma rays emitted by radio pharmaceutical (e.g. technetium 99m (Tc- 99m) that have been introduced into the body as tracers. The position of the source of the radioactivity can be plotted and displayed on a monitor or photographic film. Radiopharmaceuticals , radioisotopes , radio nuclei , radioactive materials enter in body through GIT tract. It starts decaying after completion Half-life WHAT IS GAMMA CAMERA It is a device used to detect that is used to detect or receive gamma radiations Other names Scintillation camera Anger camera Crystallographic camera
- 3. Pathway of radiopharmaceutical It is the time period it completes when organ of interest complete absorption Gamma camera is also ionizing technique but the source of radiation is body not the system HALF LIFE Medicine is solid form via (GIT) and it deposit for specific half life After half life nucleus become half and break into alpha , Beta , gamma radiations Radiopharmaceutical starts decaying after completing half life.
- 4. Similarity between MRI and Gamma Gives physiological and anatomical detail Cross sectional 3d images Both involves nucleus Difference between MRI and Gamma Detectors are different Ionizing and non ionizing Applications Use to locate cancerous tumor To locate abnormal functioning of organs To locate bone fracture Lungs scan Myocardial perfusion Bone scan Summary (basic working) Radioisotope injected in patient which emits gamma radiations . The Gamma camera scans the radiation area and create and image Gamma camera scan of skull of cancer patient