The gamma camera
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Nuclear medicine uses small amounts of radioactive material and imaging equipment like gamma cameras to diagnose and treat diseases. It can visualize the structure and function of organs and systems. Common uses in adults include evaluating bones, lungs, heart, and brain. The gamma camera detects radioactive emissions and converts them into images, composed of detector heads in a box shape attached to a circular gantry. Patients are given radioactive tracers orally or intravenously and imaged as the tracer accumulates in organs.
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The document discusses capsule endoscopy, a medical procedure where a patient swallows a small capsule containing a camera to provide internal images of the gastrointestinal tract. Specifically, it focuses on the PillCam ESO capsule used to examine the esophagus. It describes how the capsule works, capturing images as it passes through the esophagus. It also outlines the procedure, including swallowing the capsule, wearing an external recorder, and physicians reviewing the images afterwards.
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Patient preparation for MRI CT and Nuclear Medicine
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The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx
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With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless ReproducibilityUniversity of Rennes, INSA Rennes, Inria/IRISA, CNRS
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
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I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
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Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
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collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
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DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
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measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
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Nucleophilic addition is the most important reaction of carbonyls. Not just aldehydes and ketones, but also carboxylic acid derivatives in general.
Carbonyls undergo addition reactions with a large range of nucleophiles.
Comparing the relative basicity of the nucleophile and the product is extremely helpful in determining how reversible the addition reaction is. Reactions with Grignards and hydrides are irreversible. Reactions with weak bases like halides and carboxylates generally don’t happen.
Electronic effects (inductive effects, electron donation) have a large impact on reactivity.
Large groups adjacent to the carbonyl will slow the rate of reaction.
Neutral nucleophiles can also add to carbonyls, although their additions are generally slower and more reversible. Acid catalysis is sometimes employed to increase the rate of addition.
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
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The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
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The gamma camera
- 1. By: Naseem abu hawash
- 2. Nuclear Medicine What is General Nuclear Medicine? Nuclear medicine is a branch of medical imaging that uses small amounts of radioactive material to diagnose and determine the severity of or treat a variety of diseases, including many types of cancers, heart disease and other abnormalities within the body
- 3. What are some common uses of the procedure? Physicians use radionuclide imaging procedures to visualize the structure and function of an organ, tissue, bone or system within the body. In adults, nuclear medicine is used to: lungs, Heart , Braine
- 4. Bones evaluate bones for fractures, infection and arthritis evaluate for metastatic bone disease evaluate painful prosthetic joints evaluate bone tumors identify sites for biopsy
- 5. What does the equipment look like? Special camera or imaging devices used in nuclear medicine include the gamma camera and single- photon emission-computed tomography (SPECT). SPECT involves the rotation of the gamma camera heads around the patient's body to produce more detailed, three-dimensional images PET
- 6. The gamma camera The gamma camera, also called a scintillation camera, detects radioactive energy that is emitted from the patient's body and converts it into an image. The gamma camera does not emit any radiation. The gamma camera is composed of radiation detectors, called gamma camera heads, which are encased in metal and plastic and most often shaped like a box, attached to a round circular donut shaped gantry. The patient lies on the examination table which slides in between the parallel gamma camera heads which are suspended over the examination table and located beneath the examination table. Sometimes, the gamma camera heads are oriented at a 90 degree angle and placed over the patient's body.
- 7. Working principle Note: the gamma camera emitted in all direction
- 16. How should I prepare? wear a gown during the exam Women should always inform their physician or technologist if there is any possibility that they are pregnant or if they are breastfeeding should inform physician and the technologist about any medication may be taken including vitamins and herbal supplements
- 17. Jewelry and other metallic accessories should be left at home if possible
- 18. How is the procedure performed? Put the patient on table exam a nurse or technologist will insert an intravenous (IV)catheter into a vein in patent hand or arm When it is time for the imaging to begin, the camera or scanner will take a series of images. The camera may rotate around patent or it may stay in one position and patient will be asked to change positions in between images.