The document discusses the history and growth of Bangladesh's knitwear industry since the 1970s. It outlines the key steps in knit composite manufacturing including knitting, dyeing, cutting, printing, sewing, washing, finishing and packing. Knitting turns yarn into fabric using interconnected loops and has advantages over woven fabrics like flexibility and ability to create smaller pieces. The knitwear industry has lower costs and requires less space than woven composites. It has become the largest export sector in Bangladesh, surpassing woven garments. The objectives of the study are to evaluate each stage of the knit composite process flow and understand how it functions as a whole.

1. INTRUDCTION
The RMG business started in Bangladesh in the 70s but it was then merely effort, the first
consignment of knitwear export as made in 1973 and the first consignment of woven garments was
made in 1977. In 1981-82 the contribution of woven garments in the total export was 1.10%.
Afterwards it is a story of sustained success for the Bangladesh RMG sectors. The knitwear sector
has grown over the years in geometric progression and become the prime driving force of
Bangladesh’s export earnings. Within a decade, the contribution of woven to the export basket
became 42.83% (1990-1991) and the knitwear sector’s contribution 41.79% to national export
earnings at the end of FY 2008-09(July-April).
In FY 2003-04, knitwear for the first time exported with 91.6 million dozens. Knitwear is still
leading in terms of quantity exported and is widening the gap day by day. Export quantity of
knitwear items increased to 241.59 million dozens which is 163.74% higher than the year 2003-
04 to 2007-08. On the month of December of the FY s 2008-2009, total knitwear export was 146.5
million dozens which is 30.58 million dozens higher then the same period of last year.
Bangladesh knitwear is performing a well increase in terms of quantity which is a clear indication
of increase of capacity in this sector. In the year 2007-08, the contribution of woven wear to the
export earning was 36.17% and in knitwear was 38.97%. In the current year, the performance of
both the sector are as follows:
Knitwear export US$ 5231.01 million FY 2008-09(July-April)
Woven export US$4902.48 million FY 2808-09 (July- April)
Therefore the contribution of knitwear in national export increase is 57.82%.
Knitting is the process of using two or more needles to loop yarn into a series of interconnected
loops in order to create a finished garment or some other type of fabric. The word is derived from
knot, thought to originate from the Dutch verb knutten, which is similar to the Old English cnyttan,
to knot. Its origins lie in the basic human need for clothing for protection against the elements.
More recently, hand knitting has become less a necessary skill and more a hobby.
Knitted fabric is a textile that results from knitting. Its properties are distinct from woven fabric in
that it is more flexible and can be more readily constructed into smaller pieces, making it ideal for

2. socks and hats. Its properties are distinct from nonwoven fabric in that it is more durable but takes
more resources to create, making it suitable for multiple uses.
(wikipedia, 2017) & (diutextile, 2011)
Advantages Of Knit Composite Industry Over Woven Composite
 Knit composite means knit fabric manufacturing, wet process and knit garments
manufacturing.
 Instalment cost of knit composite industry is low compared to woven composite industry.
 Factory can be constructed vertically.
 Low space required for knit composite industry.
 Supply chain is easier in case of knit composite industry.
 Wide range of product variety.
 Profit is higher compared to instalment cost.
In this Study, we will briefly discuss about Process Flow of Knit composite industry – For a basic
item T-shirt. For that we have to know initially our objectives of the Study.
Objectives of the study
 To evaluates the function of every stage of knit Composite industry.
 To perceive the whole process flow of knit composite industry.
 To trace out the individual stage process flow.
 To derive knowledge about knit composite industry.
 To know every process in briefly.

3. FLOW CHART OF KNIT GARMENTS
(slideshare, 2017)
ProcessFlow ofKnitting Section
(slideshare, 2017)
Order
Receive
Sampling
PP Sample
Approval
PP
meeting
Knitting
Dyeing
Cutting
Printing Sewing
Washing
Finishing
Packing Inspection
Shipmen
t Audit
Shipment
Dispatch
Yarn Cone
receive
Place the Yarn
Cone in the creel
Feeding the Yarn
Set the machine
as per design and
GSM
Knitting
Withdraw the
roll fabric and
weighting
Roll Marking Inspection
Numbering

4. Flow Chart Of Dyeing
(slideshare, 2017)
Process Sequence in Cutting
(slideshare, 2017)
Inspection
of grey
cloth
Stitching Cropping Brushing
SingeingDesizingScouringBleaching
Souring Washing Drying
Mercerizing
Dyeing
Marker Making
Fabric Spreading
Placing Marker Paper on to
the Lay
Fabric Cutting
Numbering
100% checking & Parts
Replacing if needed
Shorting & Bundling
Sewing/Assembling

5. Flow Chart of Printing
(slideshare, 2017)
Flow Chart Of Sewing
(textileflowchart, 2017)
Grey cloth
Brushing and
Shearing
Singeing Desizing
Scouring Bleaching Mercerizing Washing
Drying
Winding/Beami
ng
Printing
Garment
analysis
Target setup
for production
Machine
lay out
Operator
lay out
Quality
control
of
product
Line
balancing
Line
setup
Process
distributi
on
Parts
received
from cutting
dept.
Parts
storing
Parts
distributio
n to the
operator
Position
mark
Parts making
(individual)
Inline quality
checking
Parts
assembling
Inline quality
audit
Output
counting &
checked
with the
target
End line
quality
audit

6. Flow Chart Of Washing
(slideshare, 2017)
Flow chart of garment finishing
(slideshare, 2017)
Garments
from store
house
Count
Quality
check
Batch
Washing
Hydro
extractor
Drying
Quality
check
Packing
Delivery
Finishing input
(style, color &
size wise)
Ironing Inspection Hang tag
Get up change Folding Poly
Bar code (buyer
wise sticker)
Metal check Cartooning
Final inspection
by buyer

7. Flow chart of packing
(textileflowchart, 2017)
DESCRIPTION
Order Receive:The buyers are interested in placing an order after evaluation of these samples,
they request a quotation. An order is placed with the Group after finalization of the terms. After
receiving orders, knit composite factory plan how to execute order, which method they follow to
execute order and they also make sample for buyer approval as well as they also involve in material
sourcing process.
(kamhingintl, 2017)
Sampling: The main target of making a sample is to follow the details instruction about that
garments style & sample is making according to spec sheet. After making it’s sent to the buyer to
rectify. It’s done by manually.
PP Sample approval: Sample is making in actual production line with actual fabric,
accessories according to buyer requirement, it is called pre-production sample. Then it is sent to
the buyer, After getting the buyer comments, the factory rectify the faults and send sample to the
Make shipping
mark according
to P/O, Spread
sheet
Approve from
buyer
Carton
measurement
confirm from
Q.C dept
Sample make
(carton)
Re-approved
from buyer
Ensure net and
gross weight
Go to bulk
production
Complete the
carton with
garment

8. buyer again before going to the bulk production. After getting approval from buyer, the factory
will be ready for bulk production.
PP meeting: Based on the planning, sample approval, and material sourcing and store
department inspection report pp meeting are held to decide how to finally execute the bulk
production depends on what necessary step should be taken, section wise responsibility will be
distributed through this meeting.
Knitting: knitting is considered to be the second most frequently used method of fabric
construction, after weaving. It is one of the several ways to turn thread or yarn into cloth. It is
similar to crochet in the sense that it consists of loops pulled through other loops. In other
words, knitting is the process of construction of a fabric made of interlocking loops of yarn by
means of needles. The loops may be either loosely or closely constructed, according to the
purpose of the fabric. The loops or stitches are interlocked using a needle which holds the
existing loop and a new loop is formed in front of the old loop. The old loop is then brought over
the new loop to form the knitted fabric. Knitting is different from weaving in the sense that a single
piece of yarn can be used to create fabric. The knitted fabric consists of horizontal rows known as
courses and vertical columns of loops known as Wales.
Dyeing: knit dyeing is a critical procedure & it is required to match the shade of the dyed fabric
with the buyer’s approved swatch. Knit dyeing is a technique of dyeing the knitted fabrics. The
dyeing of knitted fabrics occurs in the exhaust method or in batch-wise process. Generally all type
of single jersey, double jersey and their derivatives are dyed by the following process.
(academia, 2017)
Cutting: The fabric is then cut with the help of cloth cutting machines suitable for the type of
the cloth. These can be band cutters having similar work method like that of band saws; cutters
having rotary blades; machines having reciprocal blades which saw up and down; die clickers
similar to die or punch press; or computerized machines that use either blades or laser beams to
cut the fabric in desired shapes.
(slideshare, 2017)

9. Printing: A proper printed fabric, the color is affixed to the fiber, so that it may not be affected
by washing and friction. Whether a fabric is dyed or printed can be known by examining the outline
of the design. On a printed fabric, the outline of a design is sharply defined on the outer side. The
design generally do not penetrate to the back of the cloth. However, the design may show up on
the reverse side of transparently thin fabrics. These fabrics may be confused with the woven
designs where yarn dyed warp and filling are used. If the design is printed on such a fabric, the
yarns will show some areas on which color is not equally distributed.
(teonline, 2017)
Sewing:The sorted bundles of fabrics are now ready to be stitched. Large garment manufacturers
have their own sewing units other use to give the fabrics on contract to other contractors. Stitching
in-house is preferable because one can maintain quality control during the processing. On the other
hand if contractors are hired keeping eye on quality is difficult unless the contactor is one who
precisely controls the process. There are what is called sewing stations for sewing different parts
of the cut pieces. In this workplace, there are many operators who perform a single operation. One
operator may make only straight seams, while another may make sleeve insets. Yet another two
operators can sew the waist seams, and make buttonholes. Various industrial sewing machines too
have different types of stitches that they can make. These machines also have different
configuration of the frame. Some machines work sequentially and feed their finished step directly
into the next machine, while the gang machines have multiple machines performing the same
operation supervised by a single operator. All these factors decide what parts of a garment can be
sewn at that station. Finally, the sewn parts of the garment, such as sleeves or pant legs, are
assembled together to give the final form to the clothing. sewn parts of the garment, such as sleeves
or pant legs, are assembled together to give the final form to the clothing.
(slideshare, 2011)
Washing:The technology which is used to modify the outlook, appearance, fashion and comfort
ability of garments is called garments washing. Garments washing are the aesthetic finish given to
the denim fabric to enhance the appeal and to provide strength. Garments washing can be done by
following a process flow chart, which is deeply discussed in this article.
(garmentsmerchandising, 2016)

10. Finishing: In textile manufacturing, finishing refers to the processes that convert the woven or
knitted cloth into a usable material and more specifically to any process performed after dyeing
the yarn or fabric to improve the look, performance, or "hand" (feel) of the finish textile or clothing.
The precise meaning depends on context. Some finishing techniques such as bleaching and dyeing
are applied to yarn before it is woven while others are applied to the grey cloth directly after it is
woven or knitted. Some finishing techniques, such as fulling, have been in use with hand-weaving
for centuries; others, such as mercerization, are byproducts of the Industrial Revolution.
Packing:Packing is the part of garment finishing. It is done by the requirement of buyer. Various
types of packing accessories are available in store room such as polybag, packing board, tissue
paper, hanger, scotch tape, gum tape, carton etc.
(textileflowchart, 2017)
Inspection: Final Random Inspections can begin only after production has been completed and
all merchandise is ready and packed for shipment. Through a statistical method set by industry
standards, we will sample products to verify product safety, quantity, workmanship, function,
color, size, packing, and more. This ensures that your product is consistent and compliant with all
country, industry, or otherwise-specified requirements and that no critical major or minor defects
appear.
(intertek, 2017)
Shipment: Export cargo can be exported to the overseas buyer by sea, air or land. However,
shipment by sea is the most popular and generally resorted to, as it is comparatively cheaper.
Besides, the ship's capacity is far greater than other modes of transportation. Nevertheless,
transportation by air is utilized for export of expensive items & according to buyer requirement
etc.
(howtoexportimport, 2016)

11. CONCLUSION
Bangladesh is traditionally known for its Textile and Garments sector. Bangladesh being the
second largest apparel exporters is expected to play a major role in the global apparel market. knit
composite industry’s importance is increasing gradually. As a result, process flow of knit
composite factory is an important part of RMG sector which assist us to ensure smoothing
exporting and contribute our GDP. The core strength of the Knitwear sector is its backward
linkage. The entrepreneurs of the sector not only increased their stitching capacity overtime but
also invested in the allied industry to augment the overall capacity of the sector with the same
pace. As the earning from export increased the development of the sector also increased in the
same row.
(bkmea, 2016)

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