Fuel cells convert hydrogen and oxygen into water, producing electricity and heat in the process. Sir William Grove invented the first fuel cell in 1839, proving that electricity could be produced from reversing the electrolysis of water. There are several types of fuel cells including proton exchange membrane, phosphoric acid, solid oxide, alkaline, direct methanol, and molten carbonate. Fuel cells provide an efficient and non-polluting alternative power source without noise or moving parts. Applications include powering vehicles, buses, portable devices, telecommunications equipment, and someday powering homes. Major challenges include higher initial costs compared to conventional energy sources, though organizations worldwide are working to develop fuel cells further.

1. Presentation on Fuel Cells
By :-
Naveen Sihag

2. Introduction
 It is an electrochemical
device which convert
hydrogen and oxygen into
water producing electricity
and heat in the process.
 It is much like a battery that
can be recharged while you
are drawing power from it.
 It provides a DC voltage that
can be used to power
motors, lights and any
number of electrical
appliances.

3. The Invention of the Fuel Cell
 Sir William Grove invented the first fuel cell in 1839. Grove
knew that water could be split into hydrogen and oxygen by
sending an electric current through it (a process called
electrolysis). He hypothesized that by reversing the procedure
you could produce electricity and water. He created a primitive
fuel cell and called it a gas voltaic battery. After experimenting
with his new invention, Grove proved his hypothesis. Fifty years
later, scientists Ludwig Mond and Charles Langer coined the
term fuel cell while attempting to build a practical model to
produce electricity

4. What is a fuel cell?
 A fuel cell is an electrochemical energy
conversion device. A fuel cell converts the
chemicals hydrogen and oxygen into water, and in
the process it produces electricity.
 A fuel cell is a device that generates electricity by a
chemical reaction. Every fuel cell has two electrodes,
one positive and one negative, called, respectively,
the cathode and anode. The reactions that produce
electricity take place at the electrodes

5. Why we need fuel cell?
Fuel cell provides an alternate efficient non
polluting power source that produces no
noise and has no moving parts.
It is expected that by 2050 the global energy
demand is going to rise by 2 to 3 times.
This calls for optimization of generation of
energy through well-known sources,
preferably renewable energy for commercial
exploitation.

6. Types of fuel cell
 Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM)
 Phosphoric acid (PAFC)
 Solid Oxide (SOFC)
 Alkaline (AFC)
 Direct Methanol
 Molten Carbonate

7. PEM

8. Requirement for fuel cells
 Hydrocarbons
 Oxygen
 Water
 Hydrogen
 Carbon dioxide
 Carbon monoxide
 And hardware elements are
 Fuel processor or reformer
 Fuel cell
 Convertor

9. Alkali Fuel Cell

10. How fuel cells work ?
 Chemistry of fuel cell
At anode:-
2H  4H + 4e
2
At Cathode:-
O + 4H + 4e  2H O
2 2
NET REACTION
2H2 + O2  2H O
2

11. Advantages
 Fuel cell system are environmentally benign .
 High conversion efficiency .
 Extremely low emission.
 Noise less operations.
 Has no moving parts

12. Applications
 Fuel cells powered cars will start to
replace gas and diesel engine cars
in about 2055. .
 Fuel cell powered buses are
already running in several cities..
 This promising application will one
day even power our houses.

13. Applications
 Fuel cells also make
sense for portable
power like laptop
computers and
cellular phones.

14.  Telecommunications - With the use of computers, the
Internet, and communication networks steadily increasing,
there comes a need for more reliable power than is available
on the current electrical grid, and fuel cells have proven to be
up to 99.999% (five nines) reliable. Fuel cells can replace
batteries to provide power for 1kW to 5kW telecom sites without
noise or emissions, and are durable, providing power in sites
that are either hard to access or are subject to inclement
weather. Such systems would be used to provide primary or
backup power for telecom switch nodes, cell towers, and other
electronic systems that would benefit from on-site, direct DC
power supply.

15. Nokia mobile with fuel cell battery

16. Wheel chair powered by fuel cell

17. Toshiba mp3 with a fuel cell

18. Major organizations working in the
field
 Ministry of NCES
 IITs
 CSIR labs
 BHEL
 GAIL
 BARC
 MIT

19. Disadvantages
 Initialcost of installation is higher.
 Comparative cost of energy storage of fuel
cells is around twice that of conventional
sources of energy.
 Energy produced by one fuel cell is around
0.7 volts.

20. Recent development
 LLC, latham,NY has successfully developed
50 KW power plant.
 Fuel cell of capacity 1.5KW is powering
houses in Australia.
 GAIL is actively involved in establishing fuel
infrastructure for fuel cell vehicles in India.
 CECRI, karaikudi has developed and tested
MCFC stack.

21. Conclusion
 The above discussion prove the existence of huge
market for fuel cells.
 The commercial power units are technically feasible .
 Research and development should be aimed at
reducing cost and increasing life.
 Future cities can be planned on fuel cell systems for
their power and energy requirements.

22. Thank you