Eventually it dawns on us that what we are doing is not actually what is required. This is a period where, through feedback or our own insights, we stop denying the change and its effect. We start to question our abilities and so appear less confident and less competent, and this is how we feel too. Things are just not working out and so there is a feeling of frustration. At this stage we are thinking about the change. During this stage it is useful to recognise that we may feel angry and make arrangements in our life to let off steam safely.
During a change there will be a period where we feel "frozen" or "locked up"; for a while we are almost in a state of shock, unable or unwilling to make decisions. In a change like having a new job we may just want to be - to sit at our desk or just be around work colleagues. This would be a time to consider past successes. It might be useful to spend some time pampering ourselves doing things where we can just be. It is useful to plan ways to look after yourself.
For a long time now it has been recognized that during any change people go through certain stages. These stages, as they progress over time, change the way we are seen by others and how we feel about ourselves. These stages can be plotted on a graph known as the Change or Competence Curve.
Slides from the presentation given by organisational dynamics consultant Julie Hay at the IPA's Alliances Adaptathon on October 3rd 2013.
Julie introduces a range of ideas, drawn from the world of psychotherapy but adapted for application in the workplace; including patterns of recognition and how these link to attitudes, relationship styles; contracting for co-operation and ending with a model for understanding our reactions to change.
For more information visit http://www.ipa.co.uk/adapt.
Mindsets is the popular version of Self Theories and here the presentation is brought up-to-date using the term FIXED MINDSET instead of Entitiy Theorist and GROWTH MINDSET instead of Incremental Theorist
Incongruity (Transactional analysis / TA is an integrative approach to the th...Manu Melwin Joy
When someone has executive power in a different ego state from that experienced in real self, there is a split between his behavior and his internal experience. In TA language, we say then that his behavior shows incongruity.
During a change there will be a period where we feel "frozen" or "locked up"; for a while we are almost in a state of shock, unable or unwilling to make decisions. In a change like having a new job we may just want to be - to sit at our desk or just be around work colleagues. This would be a time to consider past successes. It might be useful to spend some time pampering ourselves doing things where we can just be. It is useful to plan ways to look after yourself.
For a long time now it has been recognized that during any change people go through certain stages. These stages, as they progress over time, change the way we are seen by others and how we feel about ourselves. These stages can be plotted on a graph known as the Change or Competence Curve.
Slides from the presentation given by organisational dynamics consultant Julie Hay at the IPA's Alliances Adaptathon on October 3rd 2013.
Julie introduces a range of ideas, drawn from the world of psychotherapy but adapted for application in the workplace; including patterns of recognition and how these link to attitudes, relationship styles; contracting for co-operation and ending with a model for understanding our reactions to change.
For more information visit http://www.ipa.co.uk/adapt.
Mindsets is the popular version of Self Theories and here the presentation is brought up-to-date using the term FIXED MINDSET instead of Entitiy Theorist and GROWTH MINDSET instead of Incremental Theorist
Incongruity (Transactional analysis / TA is an integrative approach to the th...Manu Melwin Joy
When someone has executive power in a different ego state from that experienced in real self, there is a split between his behavior and his internal experience. In TA language, we say then that his behavior shows incongruity.
Passive behaviors - Discounting (Transactional analysis / TA is an integrativ...Manu Melwin Joy
When I discount, I do so by making statement to myself in my own head. Thus a discount itself is not observable. Since you can’t thought read, you have no way of knowing I am discounting unless I speak or act in some way which indicates the presence of the discount. These behaviors are known as passive behaviors.
Executive and real self (Transactional analysis / TA is an integrative approa...Manu Melwin Joy
When an ego state is dictating a person’s behavior, that ego state is said to have executive power. When a person experiences himself to be in a particular ego state, we say he is experiencing that ego state as his real self.
During this period a child will be developing the skills they think they will need in life and that fit their identity. From grownups in our life we gain options as to how we will structure our world. The decisions made in this stage are based on the decisions made in the early stage and so the skills and structure they develop are the ones the child sees relevant for their identity. Observing children at this stage we notice that at times they are alternatively helpful and compliant and at others testing. In fact they are testing their identity against the structures in their life to prove the validity of their decisions.
Non winning script - life script (Transactional analysis / TA is an integrati...Manu Melwin Joy
Someone with a non-winning script is a middle of the roader. He plods along from day to day, not making any big winds but not making any big losses either. He doesn’t take risk. This kind of script pattern is often called banal.
Constancy hypothesis (Transactional analysis / TA is an integrative approach ...Manu Melwin Joy
Jack Dusay suggested a constancy hypothesis - When one ego state increases in intensity, another or others must decrease in order to compensate. The shift in psychic energy occurs so that the total amount of energy may remain constant.
Stephen Karpman in his article Options developed the idea that we can choose to transact in whatever way we like. In particular, we can choose new way of transacting so as to break out of familiar uncomfortable locked interchanges with others.
A good game might be described as one whose social contribution overweighs the complexity of its motivations, particularly if the player has come in terms with those motivations without futility or cynicism. A good game contributes both to the well being of the other players and to the unfolding of the one who is it.
Script decisions represent the infant’s best strategy for surviving in a world which often seems hostile, even life threatening. Script decisions are made on the basis of an infant’s emotions and reality testing.
Maritial games - Games People Play (Transactional analysis / TA is an integra...Manu Melwin Joy
Almost any game can form the scaffolding for married life and family living. Some of these games are tolerated longer, under the legal force of contractual intimacy.
Marital games can only be arbitrarily separated from sexual games .
Using discounting matrix (Transactional analysis / TA is an integrative appro...Manu Melwin Joy
Whenever a problem is not being solved, some information relevant to the solution of that problem is being ignored. The discount matrix gives us a systematic way to pinpointing what information is being missed. This in turn provides guidance to the specific actions we need to take to solve the problem.
Ego states diagnosis in practice (Transactional analysis / TA is an integrati...Manu Melwin Joy
When we use TA in work with organizations, education or communication training, or simply to help our own everyday relations with others, we need to rely mainly on behavioral diagnosis.
People moving toward autonomy expand their personal capacities for awareness, spontaneity and intimacy. As this occurs, they develop integrated adult ego states.
Filtering more and more Parent and Child material through their Adult and learning new behavior patterns are parts of the integrating process.
Intimacy means open sharing of feelings and wants between you and another person. In intimacy, feelings expressed are appropriate to finish the situation.
Structural pathology - Transactional AnalysisManu Melwin Joy
Berne suggests that ego boundaries can be thought of as semi permeable membranes through which psychic energy can flow from one ego state to another. Some people continually act in unpredictable ways and others are so predictable they seem monotonous. These disorders are caused by ego state boundaries which are too lax or tight, have lesions or overlap. This is known as structural pathology.
The clear thinking of the Adult is often spoiled by contamination. Contamination can be thought of as an intrusion of the Parent ego sate and / or the Child ego state into the boundary of the Adult ego state. Contamination occurs when the Adult accepts as true some unfounded Parent beliefs or Child distortions and rationalizes and justifies these attitudes.
Berne's energy theory - Cathexis (Transactional analysis / TA is an integrati...Manu Melwin Joy
Eric Berne developed a theoretical explanation of what happens when we shift executive power and our sense of real self between one ego state and another. Berne followed Freud in hypothesizing the concept of psychic energy or cathexis.
Structure and function (Transactional analysis / TA is an integrative approac...Manu Melwin Joy
To use the ego state model effectively, you need clear understanding of the differences between structure and function. The functional model classifies observed behavior. The structural model classifies stored memories and strategies.
Berne suggested that the young child, early in the process of script formation already has certain convictions about himself and the people around him. These convictions are likely to stay with him the rest of his life.
In an ulterior transaction, two messages are conveyed at the same time. One of these is an overt or social level message. The other is a covert or psychological level message. Most often, the social level content is Adult-Adult. The psychological level messages are usually either Parent –Child or Child –Parent.
The identity stage would suggest that here we are becoming clear about our new role. It is the period where we discover how we should be in order to fit in with the new circumstances we find ourselves in. In the new job, for example, we are discovering our role and understanding better what is expected of us and what we expect of ourselves. It is helpful now to look back at where we were least effective in the past in order to decide how to develop in the future.
Now we are ready to learn to cope with the new situation and make sense of our new identity, or our new identification with our part in our new situation. Everything is in place for us to start a learning curve and to develop. In the example of a job we would start thinking about courses and plan to develop learning activities that would develop skills and knowledge to do the job that we are in. Now is the time for managers to help the worker make these learning plans, planning not just for courses but other activities that will promote development.
Passive behaviors - Discounting (Transactional analysis / TA is an integrativ...Manu Melwin Joy
When I discount, I do so by making statement to myself in my own head. Thus a discount itself is not observable. Since you can’t thought read, you have no way of knowing I am discounting unless I speak or act in some way which indicates the presence of the discount. These behaviors are known as passive behaviors.
Executive and real self (Transactional analysis / TA is an integrative approa...Manu Melwin Joy
When an ego state is dictating a person’s behavior, that ego state is said to have executive power. When a person experiences himself to be in a particular ego state, we say he is experiencing that ego state as his real self.
During this period a child will be developing the skills they think they will need in life and that fit their identity. From grownups in our life we gain options as to how we will structure our world. The decisions made in this stage are based on the decisions made in the early stage and so the skills and structure they develop are the ones the child sees relevant for their identity. Observing children at this stage we notice that at times they are alternatively helpful and compliant and at others testing. In fact they are testing their identity against the structures in their life to prove the validity of their decisions.
Non winning script - life script (Transactional analysis / TA is an integrati...Manu Melwin Joy
Someone with a non-winning script is a middle of the roader. He plods along from day to day, not making any big winds but not making any big losses either. He doesn’t take risk. This kind of script pattern is often called banal.
Constancy hypothesis (Transactional analysis / TA is an integrative approach ...Manu Melwin Joy
Jack Dusay suggested a constancy hypothesis - When one ego state increases in intensity, another or others must decrease in order to compensate. The shift in psychic energy occurs so that the total amount of energy may remain constant.
Stephen Karpman in his article Options developed the idea that we can choose to transact in whatever way we like. In particular, we can choose new way of transacting so as to break out of familiar uncomfortable locked interchanges with others.
A good game might be described as one whose social contribution overweighs the complexity of its motivations, particularly if the player has come in terms with those motivations without futility or cynicism. A good game contributes both to the well being of the other players and to the unfolding of the one who is it.
Script decisions represent the infant’s best strategy for surviving in a world which often seems hostile, even life threatening. Script decisions are made on the basis of an infant’s emotions and reality testing.
Maritial games - Games People Play (Transactional analysis / TA is an integra...Manu Melwin Joy
Almost any game can form the scaffolding for married life and family living. Some of these games are tolerated longer, under the legal force of contractual intimacy.
Marital games can only be arbitrarily separated from sexual games .
Using discounting matrix (Transactional analysis / TA is an integrative appro...Manu Melwin Joy
Whenever a problem is not being solved, some information relevant to the solution of that problem is being ignored. The discount matrix gives us a systematic way to pinpointing what information is being missed. This in turn provides guidance to the specific actions we need to take to solve the problem.
Ego states diagnosis in practice (Transactional analysis / TA is an integrati...Manu Melwin Joy
When we use TA in work with organizations, education or communication training, or simply to help our own everyday relations with others, we need to rely mainly on behavioral diagnosis.
People moving toward autonomy expand their personal capacities for awareness, spontaneity and intimacy. As this occurs, they develop integrated adult ego states.
Filtering more and more Parent and Child material through their Adult and learning new behavior patterns are parts of the integrating process.
Intimacy means open sharing of feelings and wants between you and another person. In intimacy, feelings expressed are appropriate to finish the situation.
Structural pathology - Transactional AnalysisManu Melwin Joy
Berne suggests that ego boundaries can be thought of as semi permeable membranes through which psychic energy can flow from one ego state to another. Some people continually act in unpredictable ways and others are so predictable they seem monotonous. These disorders are caused by ego state boundaries which are too lax or tight, have lesions or overlap. This is known as structural pathology.
The clear thinking of the Adult is often spoiled by contamination. Contamination can be thought of as an intrusion of the Parent ego sate and / or the Child ego state into the boundary of the Adult ego state. Contamination occurs when the Adult accepts as true some unfounded Parent beliefs or Child distortions and rationalizes and justifies these attitudes.
Berne's energy theory - Cathexis (Transactional analysis / TA is an integrati...Manu Melwin Joy
Eric Berne developed a theoretical explanation of what happens when we shift executive power and our sense of real self between one ego state and another. Berne followed Freud in hypothesizing the concept of psychic energy or cathexis.
Structure and function (Transactional analysis / TA is an integrative approac...Manu Melwin Joy
To use the ego state model effectively, you need clear understanding of the differences between structure and function. The functional model classifies observed behavior. The structural model classifies stored memories and strategies.
Berne suggested that the young child, early in the process of script formation already has certain convictions about himself and the people around him. These convictions are likely to stay with him the rest of his life.
In an ulterior transaction, two messages are conveyed at the same time. One of these is an overt or social level message. The other is a covert or psychological level message. Most often, the social level content is Adult-Adult. The psychological level messages are usually either Parent –Child or Child –Parent.
The identity stage would suggest that here we are becoming clear about our new role. It is the period where we discover how we should be in order to fit in with the new circumstances we find ourselves in. In the new job, for example, we are discovering our role and understanding better what is expected of us and what we expect of ourselves. It is helpful now to look back at where we were least effective in the past in order to decide how to develop in the future.
Now we are ready to learn to cope with the new situation and make sense of our new identity, or our new identification with our part in our new situation. Everything is in place for us to start a learning curve and to develop. In the example of a job we would start thinking about courses and plan to develop learning activities that would develop skills and knowledge to do the job that we are in. Now is the time for managers to help the worker make these learning plans, planning not just for courses but other activities that will promote development.
At this stage we are completely at ease with the new situation. It is almost as if there has not been a change. In the work setting we feel on top of the job and may be looking for fresh challenges, either by expanding our present job or by looking for a new one. At this stage do congratulate yourself for having completed the transition.
During this stage we may appear to be very active as we look to be busily occupied doing things. In a new job we may find that we do what we used to do. We fall back on the old and tried and tested techniques that worked in the past. If things have changed however, these activities are likely to be unhelpful or unnecessary or even unwanted in the new situation we are in. We might feel better because we are active and doing something. Our managers, on the other hand, may experience frustration as it appears that we are not doing the job that we were taken on for. During this stage it is useful to have someone that we trust who will give us feedback on our behaviour, to help us grasp the new reality we are in and yet at the same time understanding the need to be active.
Here we apply our skills in the new situation appropriately. We feel more engaged and confident, and it is a time when we can usefully use previous behaviour, knowledge and skills integrated and compatible with our new identity. In the work setting we will be seen to have "got the job under our belt". We would be able to incorporate old skills and knowledge in a way that is congruent with the new expectations of us. During this stage it is helpful to review `old` skills and review what worked in the past whilst asking the question; is this appropriate here and now?
The spiral of development is a metaphor to describe a complex system and like all metaphors fails in its description when pushed too far. Having said this I would like to suggest that recycling should not be seen as going round in circles, rather the spiral should be seen as moving upward, powered by the life force we all have to continue developing. Eric Berne called this life force Physis
Here a child will want to be active. They are exploring the world they live in with their hands, their eyes and mouths. As the child becomes more mobile she will need to stray away from her carer to test, through experience, where boundaries exist.
Training and development - Individual OD interventions - Organizational Chan...manumelwin
Training: This activity is both focused upon, and evaluated against, the job that an individual currently holds.
Education: This activity focuses upon the jobs that an individual may potentially hold in the future, and is evaluated against those jobs.
Development: This activity focuses upon the activities that the organization employing the individual, or that the individual is part of, may partake in the future, and is almost impossible to evaluate
Racket analysis - Transactional Analysis - Manu Melwin JoyManu Melwin Joy
Any time your experience a racket feeling, you are in script.
As children, we use racket feeling to get our needs met in families.
We attempt to manipulate the environment so as to gain the parental support we gained in childhood by experiencing and showing these racket feelings.
Contracts for change - transactional analysis - Manu Melwin JoyManu Melwin Joy
Berne defined a contract as an explicit bilateral commitment to a well defined course of action.
James and Jongeward defined contract as an adult commitment to one’s self and/or someone else to make a change.
Symbiosis and script - transactional analysis - Manu Melwin JoyManu Melwin Joy
Thus in ideal parenting, the child’s caretaker will be employing Parent and Adult resources appropriately, while still not discounting her own Child. As the child grows, the parent will provide him with what is needed to complete each stage of development.
Healthy symbiosis - transactional analysis - Manu Melwin JoyManu Melwin Joy
For example, I have just come out from under anesthetic after an operation. Nurse is holding my hands and telling : “ You will be alright. Just hang one to my hand”. At that point, my Adult and Parent are out of commission.
Frame of reference and redefining - transactional analysis - Manu Melwin JoyManu Melwin Joy
The frame of reference is defined by the Schiffs as the structure of associated responses which integrates the various ego states in response to specific stimuli.
Role of parent in frame of reference - transactional analysis - Manu Melwin...Manu Melwin Joy
The parent ego state plays a particularly important part in the formulation of the frame of reference. This is because our frame of reference consists of definitions of the world, self and others.
Frame of reference and ego states - transactional analysis - Manu Melwin JoyManu Melwin Joy
As an further aid to understanding the frame of reference, the Schiffs suggest that it can be thought of as a “skin that surrounds the ego states binding them together.
Frame of reference - transactional analysis - Manu Melwin JoyManu Melwin Joy
The frame of reference is defined by the Schiffs as the structure of associated responses which integrates the various ego states in response to specific stimuli.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
2. Prepared By
Manu Melwin Joy
Research Scholar
School of Management Studies
CUSAT, Kerala, India.
Phone – 9744551114
Mail – manu_melwinjoy@yahoo.com
Kindly restrict the use of slides for personal purpose.
Please seek permission to reproduce the same in public
forms and presentations.
3. Introduction
• For a long time now it has been
recognised that during any
change people go through certain
stages.
• These stages, as they progress
over time, change the way we are
seen by others and how we feel
about ourselves.
4. Introduction
• These stages can be plotted on
a graph known as the Change
or Competence Curve.
• Julie Hay matched stages in
the competence curve against
stages in the developmental
cycle (Hay 1992).
6. Cycles of development
Stage 3
• Stage : Thinking.
• Competence : Frustration.
• Activity - Eventually it dawns on us that
what we are doing is not actually what is
required. This is a period where, through
feedback or our own insights, we stop
denying the change and its effect. We
start to question our abilities and so
appear less confident and less
competent, and this is how we feel too.
Things are just not working out and so
there is a feeling of frustration. At this
stage we are thinking about the change.
During this stage it is useful to recognise
that we may feel angry and make
arrangements in our life to let off steam
safely.