frequency regulation of deregulated power system having grc integrated with renewable source project first review, it is the one of the best power system project

1. C.Madhu sudhakar : 122B5A0204
B.Yedukondalu : 122B5A0203
V.Vinod Kumar yadav : 122B5A0208
k.Deepika : 112B1A0204
Under the guidance of
Mr.J.Srinu naik , M.tech.
Head of the EEE Department.
Presented by
Project first review
01/04/2015

2. Abstract
 This project addresses the automatic generation control of
deregulated multi area power system including one of the
most important renewable energy resource viz. wind power
plant.
 Generation rate constraint (GRC) is considered in all the
GENCOs separately.
 By using Integral square error technique it can be optimize
the gains of various integral controllers.
 Effect of changing DPM on dynamic responses is studied,
following a step load perturbation.

3. Project Objectives
The main objectives of this project are:
 To study the effect of changing DPM on the dynamic responses
of the system.
 To study the effect of GRC on system’s dynamic responses.

4. INTRODUCTION
 Automatic generation control (AGC) or load frequency control
involves the problems of transient load perturbations that make the
frequency and tie line power to deviate from their nominal values.
 These perturbations effect to the mismatch in generation of power
system and overall load demand.
 But these are the most important parameters of power system that
are needed to be controlled to their nominal values even after the
disturbances
 Hear AGC can used to control secondary side.

5. WHAT DOES AGC MEAN?
 Process that controls the limits of the frequency and voltage
variations.
 The mismatching between the generation and load demand,
If the frequency is swinging.

6. Purpose of AGC
 To maintain power balance in the system.
 Make sure that system frequency is constant (not change by
load).
 To maintain each unit's generation at the most economic
value.

7. Wind power plant
 Conventional power plants like thermal, hydro, nuclear etc.
pose a threat to the environment and lead to the global
warming due to harmful gas emissions.
 So, it is of great importance to include cleaner sources of
power into the power system like solar power, wind power
etc.
 Solar power plant have low energy conversion efficiency and
are more expensive than wind power plants.

8.  In wind power plant, Wind speed varies with time
 The output power of wind generators depends on the wind
speed at that time.
 The output power of wind turbine Pw is calculated as:
Pw = 0, Vs < Vi and Vs > Vo
Pw = Pwr*[(Vs-Vi) / (Vr-Vi)], Vs ≥ Vi and Vs ≤ Vr
Pw = Pwr, Vs ≥ Vr and Vs ≤ Vo
 Where,
Vi = cut-in wind speed
Vr = rated wind speed
Vo = cut-out wind speed
Pwr = rated power output of wind turbine
Their values are taken as 5, 15, 45 m/s respectively.

9. DISCO Participation Matrix (DPM)
 In an open market scenario a DISCO is free to purchase
power from any GENCO either in its own area or in other
area according to its convenience.
 A contract between a GENCO and DISCO for purchase of
power is known as “bilateral transaction” and should be
approved by independent system operator. As there are
multiple GENCOs and DISCOs in every area several
combinations of GENCO-DISCO contracts are possible.
 A DISCO participation matrix which is popularly known as
DPM is used for representing a set of GENCO-DISCO
contracts in the power system for the ease of visualization.
 Number of rows and number of column in a DPM is same as
that of number of GENCOs and number of DISCOs in the
system.

10. Contract Participation Factor (CPF)
 Each element of DPM matrix is known as contract
participation factor (CPF) that represents the fraction of total
load demand of a DISCO committed by a GENCO.
 For example nth column element of mth row of a DPM i.e.
cpfmn denotes the fraction of total load demand of nth DISCO
supplied by mth GENCO. Hence, sum of each column of
DPM matrix should be unity.
 DPM of a power system with P number of GENCO and Q
number of DISCO can be given as

11. EFFECT OF DPM
 In deregulated environment, DPM is chosen on the basis of
open market strategy .
 So it becomes important to see the effect of changing DPM
on the dynamic responses of the system involving wind
power plant. Also, controllers are to be optimized for
different DPMs, using ISE technique.
 Table I shows the optimized values of integral controller gains
and electric governor parameters for the following two DPMs

12. DPM Matrices of two areas

13. The capability of smart grid power generation or ISO
operations w.r.t economical , cost and load flow
analysis are known as generation rate constraint.
 This constraint includes:
Active power
Reactive power
Voltage
Frequency
Generation Rate Constraint

14.  It is more realistic to add the physical constraints in the
power system, One such constraint is GRC.
 Shows the comparison of dynamic responses with and
without GRC for deregulated wind integrated power
systems.
 It is clearly seen that the responses become poorer in terms
of overshoots and undershoots and settling time. But it is the
more practical way to include GRC into the power system.
Effect of GRC

15. Simulation diagram

16. Dynamic responses comparison for sets of DPMs

17. Dynamic responses comparison in terms of GRC

18. CONCLUSION
Frequency is one of the most important parameter to
determine the stability of a system.
 To improve the overall dynamic performance in the
presence of the plant parameters changes and system
non linearities, the conventional integral controller
based AGC problem has been formulated.
Wind power plant is included in the system for taking
care of continously increasing load demands and in the
view of depleting conventional energy resources.
Transient responses hardly vary and becomes poorer
for varying DPM and GRC in terms of peak deviations
(overshoots and undershoots) and settling time.

19. Any Queries