frequency regulation of deregulated power system having grc integrated with r...Yedukondalachari B
frequency regulation of deregulated power system having grc integrated with renewable source project first review, it is the one of the best power system project
Automatic load frequency control of two area power system with conventional a...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Load Frequency Control of Multi Area System using Integral-Fuzzy ControllerIJERA Editor
The power system is interconnected to enhance the security and reliability. With large interconnected system, unexpected external disturbances, parameter uncertainties and the model uncertainties make big challenges for stability of system. Load Frequency Control (LFC) deals with the control of real power and frequency of the system. The LFC is used to reduce the transient deviations in the power system. It limits the frequency within limits and controls the tie-line exchange power. Various controllers are used for this purpose. Recently Artificial Intelligence Techniques such as Artificial Neural Network (ANN), fuzzy logic, Genetic Algorithm etc. are used for the designing of controllers. These controllers provide a faster response and are flexible to adjust according to system conditions. In this paper, I have designed integral controller which is conventional method for Load Frequency Control and Artificial Intelligence Technique based Fuzzy Logic controller to deal with the Load Frequency Control Problem for Multi-area System. The simulation of the system is done with MATLAB. These controllers provide a robust system which is more stable and reliable and helps the system to regain its normal state after any disturbance.
DESIGN OF CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR THE LOAD FREQUENCY CONTROL (LFC) IN MULTI AR...IAEME Publication
This paper features the Differential Evolution (DE) by controller parameters tuning algorithm
and also an application of a multi source power system to a Load Frequency Control (LFC) by
having several sources of power generation techniques. At first, a single area multi-source power
system using integral controllers for every unit is taken and DE procedure is implemented to attain
the controller parameters. Several mutation procedures of DE are estimated and the control
parameters of DE for best obtained procedure are tuned by implementing numerous runs of
algorithm for every change in parameter. Multi-area multi-source power system is also discussed
and a HDVC link is also taken in accordance with the current AC tie line for the internal
connection between the areas. The two variables of Integrals which are to be enhanced using tuned
DE algorithm are proportional integral and proportional integral derivative.
frequency regulation of deregulated power system having grc integrated with r...Yedukondalachari B
frequency regulation of deregulated power system having grc integrated with renewable source project first review, it is the one of the best power system project
Automatic load frequency control of two area power system with conventional a...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Load Frequency Control of Multi Area System using Integral-Fuzzy ControllerIJERA Editor
The power system is interconnected to enhance the security and reliability. With large interconnected system, unexpected external disturbances, parameter uncertainties and the model uncertainties make big challenges for stability of system. Load Frequency Control (LFC) deals with the control of real power and frequency of the system. The LFC is used to reduce the transient deviations in the power system. It limits the frequency within limits and controls the tie-line exchange power. Various controllers are used for this purpose. Recently Artificial Intelligence Techniques such as Artificial Neural Network (ANN), fuzzy logic, Genetic Algorithm etc. are used for the designing of controllers. These controllers provide a faster response and are flexible to adjust according to system conditions. In this paper, I have designed integral controller which is conventional method for Load Frequency Control and Artificial Intelligence Technique based Fuzzy Logic controller to deal with the Load Frequency Control Problem for Multi-area System. The simulation of the system is done with MATLAB. These controllers provide a robust system which is more stable and reliable and helps the system to regain its normal state after any disturbance.
DESIGN OF CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR THE LOAD FREQUENCY CONTROL (LFC) IN MULTI AR...IAEME Publication
This paper features the Differential Evolution (DE) by controller parameters tuning algorithm
and also an application of a multi source power system to a Load Frequency Control (LFC) by
having several sources of power generation techniques. At first, a single area multi-source power
system using integral controllers for every unit is taken and DE procedure is implemented to attain
the controller parameters. Several mutation procedures of DE are estimated and the control
parameters of DE for best obtained procedure are tuned by implementing numerous runs of
algorithm for every change in parameter. Multi-area multi-source power system is also discussed
and a HDVC link is also taken in accordance with the current AC tie line for the internal
connection between the areas. The two variables of Integrals which are to be enhanced using tuned
DE algorithm are proportional integral and proportional integral derivative.
As the fifth in a series of tutorials on the power system, Leonardo ENERGY introduces its minute lecture on voltage and frequency control, using the analogy of a metal/rubber plate to demonstrate the centralised nature of frequency control, whereas voltage control is more a local matter.
New control of pv solar farm as statcom (pv statcom) for increasing grid powe...LeMeniz Infotech
New control of pv solar farm as statcom (pv statcom) for increasing grid power transmission limits during night and day
To Get this projects Call : 9566355386 / 99625 88976
Visit : www.lemenizinfotech.com / www.ieeemaster.com
Mail : projects@lemenizinfotech.com
Load Frequency Control of Two Area SystemManash Deka
This is a synopsis presentation on a project of designing and analyzing Load Frequency Control (LFC) of a two area system. This is useful for students, basically of Electrical Engineering branch. This project will be simulated in simulink of MATLAB.
This chapter deals with the power system operation of different power system parts which includes the generation, transmission and distribution systems. This slide is specifically prepared for ASTU 5th year power and control engineering students.
NEW STATCOM CONTROL SCHEME FOR POWER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT IN WIND FARM.sannuthi yaramapu
Now a days we are facing so many problems with power quality issues. So in order to mitigate these problems and to improve the power quality we are using new STATCOM control scheme in wind farm.
The GENERATION of power units and CONSUMPTION of loads connected to the UCTE network
needs to be controlled and monitored for secure and high-quality operation of the
SYNCHRONOUS AREAS. The LOAD-FREQUENCY-CONTROL control, the technical reserves and
the corresponding control performances are essential to allow TSOs to perform daily
operational business.
Within the UCTE SYNCHRONOUS AREA, the control actions and the reserves are organised in
a hierarchical structure with CONTROL AREAS, CONTROL BLOCKS and the SYNCHRONOUS AREA
with two CO-ORDINATION CENTERS.(for the principle see Figure 1 below, see also UCTE
Pyramid in Policy
As the fifth in a series of tutorials on the power system, Leonardo ENERGY introduces its minute lecture on voltage and frequency control, using the analogy of a metal/rubber plate to demonstrate the centralised nature of frequency control, whereas voltage control is more a local matter.
New control of pv solar farm as statcom (pv statcom) for increasing grid powe...LeMeniz Infotech
New control of pv solar farm as statcom (pv statcom) for increasing grid power transmission limits during night and day
To Get this projects Call : 9566355386 / 99625 88976
Visit : www.lemenizinfotech.com / www.ieeemaster.com
Mail : projects@lemenizinfotech.com
Load Frequency Control of Two Area SystemManash Deka
This is a synopsis presentation on a project of designing and analyzing Load Frequency Control (LFC) of a two area system. This is useful for students, basically of Electrical Engineering branch. This project will be simulated in simulink of MATLAB.
This chapter deals with the power system operation of different power system parts which includes the generation, transmission and distribution systems. This slide is specifically prepared for ASTU 5th year power and control engineering students.
NEW STATCOM CONTROL SCHEME FOR POWER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT IN WIND FARM.sannuthi yaramapu
Now a days we are facing so many problems with power quality issues. So in order to mitigate these problems and to improve the power quality we are using new STATCOM control scheme in wind farm.
The GENERATION of power units and CONSUMPTION of loads connected to the UCTE network
needs to be controlled and monitored for secure and high-quality operation of the
SYNCHRONOUS AREAS. The LOAD-FREQUENCY-CONTROL control, the technical reserves and
the corresponding control performances are essential to allow TSOs to perform daily
operational business.
Within the UCTE SYNCHRONOUS AREA, the control actions and the reserves are organised in
a hierarchical structure with CONTROL AREAS, CONTROL BLOCKS and the SYNCHRONOUS AREA
with two CO-ORDINATION CENTERS.(for the principle see Figure 1 below, see also UCTE
Pyramid in Policy
A new approach for Tuning of PID Load Frequency Controller of an Interconnect...Editor IJMTER
Load frequency control is one of the important issues in electrical power system
design/operation and is becoming much more significant recently with increasing size,
changing structure and complexity in interconnected power system. This paper deals with a
new approach of PID tuning and their dynamic responses are compared with PID classical
Controller when both controllers are applied to three area interconnected Thermal-ThermalHydro. The dynamical response of the load frequency control problem in an interconnected
power system is improved by designing PID controller using Pessen Integral Rule (similar to
Ziegler Nichols -2nd method). The results indicate that the proposed controller gives the better
performance.
Active network management for electrical distribution systems: problem formul...Quentin Gemine
In order to operate an electrical distribution network in a secure and cost-effi cient way, it is necessary, due to the rise of renewable energy-based distributed generation, to develop Active Network Management (ANM) strategies. These strategies rely on short-term policies that control the power injected by generators and/or taken of by loads in order to avoid congestion or voltage problems. While simple ANM strategies would curtail the production of generators, more advanced ones would move the consumption of loads to relevant time periods to maximize the potential of renewable energy sources. However, such advanced strategies imply solving large-scale optimal sequential decision-making problems under uncertainty, something that is understandably complicated. In order to promote the development of computational techniques for active network management, we detail a generic procedure for formulating ANM decision problems as Markov decision processes. We also specify it to a 75-bus distribution network. The resulting test instance is available at http://www.montefiore.ulg.ac.be/~anm/ . It can be used as a test bed for comparing existing computational techniques, as well as for developing new ones. A solution technique that consists in an approximate multistage program is also illustrated on the test instance.
Fuzzy Control of a Large Crane Structureijeei-iaes
The usage of tower cranes, one type of rotary cranes, is common in many industrial structures, e.g., shipyards, factories, etc. With the size of these cranes becoming larger and the motion expected to be faster and has no prescribed path, their manual operation becomes difficult and hence, automatic closed-loop control schemes are very important in the operation of rotary crane. In this paper, the plant of concern is a tower crane consists of a rotatable jib that carries a trolley which is capable of traveling over the length of the jib. There is a pendulum-like end line attached to the trolley through a cable of variable length. A fuzzy logic controller with various types of membership functions is implemented for controlling the position of the trolley and damping the load oscillations. It consists of two main types of controllers radial and rotational each of two fuzzy inference engines (FIEs). The radial controller is used to control the trolley position and the rotational is used for damping the load oscillations. Computer simulations are used to verify the performance of the controller. The results from the simulations show the effectiveness of the method in the control of tower crane keeping load swings small at the end of motion.
At any instant, the amount of energy being consumed by users on the electricity grid is exactly matched by the amount of energy being produced. Because of the very large number of consumers, the pattern of demand tends to be quite predictable according to season, day of the week and time of day so that generation needs can be planned many hours ahead. In practice, the forecast is never exact, but it is normally accurate enough that an appropriate combination of generating plants, with some capacity margin, are available to cope with the actual demand.
Ability to maintain a steady frequency within a nominal range, following a disturbance resulting in a significant imbalance between system generation and load
of interest is the overall response as evidenced by mean frequency, rather than relative motions of machines
In a small "island" system, frequency stability could be of concern for any disturbance causing a significant loss of load or generation
In a large interconnected system, frequency stability could be of concern only following a severe system upset resulting in the system splitting into one or more islands
Depends on the ability to restore balance between generation and load of island systems with minimum loss of load and generation
Generally, frequency stability problems are associated with inadequacies in equipment responses, poor coordination of control and protection systems
In an interconnected, essentially meshed network, the distribution of energy
flows mainly depends on:
- the location of loads,
- the location of generation sets in operation,
- the cross-border exchanges,
- the location of means of reactive energy compensation,
- the impedances of transmission facilities.
These energy transits constitute a flow going from the substations where the
power plants are connected to the substations where customers are connected;
it is conveyed through the transmission lines and cables and divided up
proportionally to the admittance, i.e. the impedance reciprocal (which is in
some way a marked preference for the "shortest route"). This energy flow is
materialised by the current conveyed through the facilities. The higher the
energy flow is, the greater the current intensities will be. These intensities may
increase, in particular when a facility has tripped following a fault occurrence.
The flow initially borne by this facility will be transferred to the neighbouring
facilities: this is the load transfer phenomenon.
These energy transits constitute a flow going from the substations where the
power plants are connected to the substations where customers are connected;
it is conveyed through the transmission lines and cables and divided up
proportionally to the admittance, i.e. the impedance reciprocal (which is in
some way a marked preference for the "shortest route"). This energy flow is
materialised by the current conveyed through the facilities. The higher the
energy flow is, the greater the current intensities will be. These intensities may
increase, in particular when a facility has tripped following a fault occurrence.
The flow initially borne by this facility will be transferred to the neighbouring
facilities: this is the load transfer phenomenon.
Similar to Tubitak ucte training 1_1final_eng (20)
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
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Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
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Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...
Tubitak ucte training 1_1final_eng
1. 2nd UCTE project
Training
Phase 1
Item 1
Theoretical Description of
Load-Frequency Control
Oguz YILMAZ
Tubitak-UZAY
oguz.yilmaz@uzay.tubitak.gov.tr
2. • Load-Frequency Control
• Primary Control (Local Control)
• Secondary Control (General System
Control)
• Tertiary Control (Control of Minute Reserve
or Scheduled Reserve)
• Time Control
• Example Simulations with Dynamic Models
For further inquiry,
https://www.entsoe.eu/resources/publications/entso-
e/operation-handbook//
Summary
5. 5
Primary Frequency Control
Purpose
Establishment of balance between
Generation-Load
Balance can be lost in miliseconds (breaker
trip/closure)
Time is required for generation level change
(seconds)
Kinetic energy change of rotating masses,
=> frequency deviation
Continuous, automatic, proportional response of
generating units to frequency deviation
oguz.yilmaz@uzay.tubitak.gov.tr
6. 10
units
max.
1) 7 units
1) 7 units
1) 50 units
2a) 7=>9 units (unexpected
increase in flow )
2b1) 50=>49 change in
level
2b2) 7=>9 increase in flow
2c) =>49.8 @ the new
balance
50
49
Safety
valve
Primary Frequency Control-Analogy
oguz.yilmaz@uzay.tubitak.gov.tr
8. 8
Example Simulations
Scenario 1
Combined Cycle=0.97; Hydro=0.90, CoalFired=1;
Secondary Control inactive.
@ T=10.sec extra step load of 2%.
Tsim=250 sec
Scenario 2
Combined Cycle=0.92; Hydro=0.90, CoalFired=0.98;
Secondary Control inactive.
@ T=10.sec Extra step load of 2%.
Tsim=250 sec
oguz.yilmaz@uzay.tubitak.gov.tr
9. 9
Secondary Frequency Control
Purpose
Eliminate frequency deviation
Maintain the interchange flows at the
scheduled values
System-wide, central control over a group of
generating units
AGC (Automatic Generation Control)
oguz.yilmaz@uzay.tubitak.gov.tr
11. 11
Secondary Frequency Control
Definitions
Control Area
Eg. Turkey or Bulgaria ...
Area Control Error
ACE = Actual instantaneous net interchange– scheduled net
interchange – Calculated* primary control contribution
Kri => K-factor (MW/Hz) defined for the specified control area
AGC Secondary Control Parameters
+ Export
- Import
ß => P, 1/Tr =I
PI Control !!!
oguz.yilmaz@uzay.tubitak.gov.tr
13. 13
Simulation Examples
Scenario 3
Combined Cycle=0.92; Hydro=0.90, CoalFired=0.98;
Sekondary Control active. (only hydro)
@ T=10.sec extra step load of %2.
@ T=250.sec extra step load of %1
Tsim=600 sec
Scenario 4
Combined Cycle=0.92; Hydro=0.90, CoalFired=0.98;
Sekondary Control active. (hydro+combined cycle)
@ T=10.sec extra step load of %2.
@ T=250.sec extra step load of %1
Tsim=600 sec
oguz.yilmaz@uzay.tubitak.gov.tr
14. 14
Tertiary Frequency Control
Purpose
Provision of reserve continuity for Secondary
Control (scheduled activation)
For large incidents, provision of secondary
reserve (direct activation) (minute-reserve)
Distribution of Control Reserve among
generating units or committed units,
depending on ECONOMY and SAFETY
oguz.yilmaz@uzay.tubitak.gov.tr
17. 17
Example Simulations
Scenario 5
Combined Cycle=0.92; Hydro=0.90, CoalFired=0.98;
Secondary Control active. (hydro + combined cycle)
@ T=10.sec extra step load of %2.
@ T=250.sec extra step load of %1
@T=700.sec Tertiary Reserve 1 is being activated
Tsim=1200 sec
Scenario 6
Combined Cycle=0.92; Hydro=0.90, CoalFired=0.98;
Secondary Control active. (hydro + combined cycle)
@ T=10.sec extra step load of %2.
@ T=250.sec extra step load of %1
@T=700.sec Tertiary Reserve 1 is being activated (0.45 pu)
@T=1200. sec Tertiary Reserve 2 is being activated (0.45 pu)
Tsim=2000 sec
oguz.yilmaz@uzay.tubitak.gov.tr
18. 22/09/09
18
Time Control
Purpose
When fgerçek not controlled with quality and
integral error increases,
fset set different than 50 Hz to minimize
integral error.
oguz.yilmaz@uzay.tubitak.gov.tr
20. 20
Emergency Control
Purpose
In case generation-load unbalance can not
be maintained with 3-stage control,
reestablisment of balance with unpreferred
methods
Under frequency load-shedding
Instantaneous Demand Control (new approach)
Generation Tripping
Configuration change at plant load control
systems (deactivation of load controllers,
limiters)
oguz.yilmaz@uzay.tubitak.gov.tr
21. 21
Simulation Examples
Scenario 8
Combined Cycle=0.92; Hydro=0.90, CoalFired=0.98;
Secondary Control active. (hydro + combined cycle)
@ T=10.sec extra step load of %2.
@ T=250.sec extra step load of %1
@T=700.sec Tertiary Reserve 1 is being activated (0.45 pu)
@T=1200. sec Tertiary Reserve 2 is being activated (0.45 pu)
Time control between T=2000. sec and T=2400. sec
@T=2700.sec extra load of %10 begins to activate.
Tsim=3500 sec.
oguz.yilmaz@uzay.tubitak.gov.tr
