Injection of power generated by the wind turbine system into an electric grid mainly effects the power quality. The performance of this wind turbine and its power quality is determined on the basis of its measurement of power ratings as per IEEE standards. The influence of the wind turbine in the grid system concerning the power quality measurements are the active power, reactive power, variation of voltage, flicker, harmonics, and electrical behavior of switching operation. To mitigate the power quality problems this paper proposes the shunt compensator techniques. Here, the proposed system is verified experimentally using both STATCOM and TSC compensators. This control schemes for grid connected wind energy system is simulated using Matlab/Simulink.
STATCOM Based Wind Energy System by using Hybrid Fuzzy Logic ControllerIJMTST Journal
The influence of the hybrid system in the grid system concerning the power quality measurements are the active power, reactive power, voltage deviation, flicker, harmonics, and electrical behavior of switching operation and these are measured according to International Electro-Technical Commission (IEC). The STATCOM provides reactive power support to hybrid system and load. These voltage fluctuations can be eliminated with the help of advanced reactive power compensator device such as SVC and STATCOM. This work focus on design, modeling and analysis of FACTS device in wind farm interconnected with grid during fault. These devices can be controlled by Synchronous Reference Frame theory. The performance is analyzed with the help of PI controller and Fuzzy logic technique. by using Matlab/Simulink Model.
Stability Improvement in Grid Connected Multi Area System using ANFIS Based S...IJMTST Journal
Generally, the non-conventional energy sources are being extensively used in case of power electronic
converter based distribution systems. This paper mainly focuses on the wind energy system integrating with
grid connected system and also improvement of power quality features. The wind energy power plant is
modelled based on associated equations. For improving this power quality problems, this paper proposes the
concepts of shunt converter controllers. This paper also proposes the concepts of ANFIS based Static
Compensator. And also the results are compared for this cases. Thus with such a control, a balanced load
currents are obtained even in the presence of non-linear load. The experimental setup is done in Matlab and
verified the simulation results
A Technique for Shunt Active Filter meld micro grid SystemIJERA Editor
The proposed system presents a control technique for a micro grid connected hybrid generation system ith case study interfaced with a three phase shunt active filter to suppress the current harmonics and reactive power present in the load using PQ Theory with ANN controller. This Hybrid Micro Grid is developed using freely renewable energy resources like Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) and Wind Energy (WE). To extract the maximum available power from PV panels and wind turbines, Maximum power point Tracker (MPPT) has been included. This MPPT uses the “Standard Perturbs and Observe” technique. By using PQ Theory with ANN Controller, the Reference currents are generated which are to be injected by Shunt active power filter (SAPF)to compensate the current harmonics in the non linear load. Simulation studies shows that the proposed control technique performs non-linear load current harmonic compensation maintaining the load current in phase with the source voltage.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A Frame Work for Control of Gird Connected Wind Power Using Two Layer ControlIJMTST Journal
Recently, several large-scale wind generation projects have been implemented all over the world. It is economically beneficial to integrate very large amounts of wind capacity in power systems. Unlike other traditional generation facilities, using wind turbines present technical challenges in producing continuous and controllable electric power. With increase in contribution of wind power into electric power grid, energy storage devices will be required to dynamically match the intermitting of wind energy. When wind turbines are connected to a grid, they should always maintain constant power. In order to maintain constant active power, the use of Doubly-Fed Induction Generators (DFIG) with Energy Storage System (ESS) like super capacitor (or) batteries can be used, with a two layer control scheme. In the two layers control there is a high-layer controller known as Wind Farm Supervisory Control (WFSC), which generates the active power (P), Stator Power (Ps), Energy storage power (Pe), DC voltage (Vdc) etc., references for the low-layer WTG controllers. The low-layer controller has two different controls i.e., Grid side controller (GSC) and Rotor side controller (RSC) which are used to control the AC/DC/AC converters of DFIG wind turbines and to generate the desired active power demand specified by the grid operator. Simulation is carried out in Matlab to evaluate the performance of wind farm equipped with 15 DFIG wind turbines with and without ESS to provide a constant active power of 36MW.
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, i...IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
STATCOM Based Wind Energy System by using Hybrid Fuzzy Logic ControllerIJMTST Journal
The influence of the hybrid system in the grid system concerning the power quality measurements are the active power, reactive power, voltage deviation, flicker, harmonics, and electrical behavior of switching operation and these are measured according to International Electro-Technical Commission (IEC). The STATCOM provides reactive power support to hybrid system and load. These voltage fluctuations can be eliminated with the help of advanced reactive power compensator device such as SVC and STATCOM. This work focus on design, modeling and analysis of FACTS device in wind farm interconnected with grid during fault. These devices can be controlled by Synchronous Reference Frame theory. The performance is analyzed with the help of PI controller and Fuzzy logic technique. by using Matlab/Simulink Model.
Stability Improvement in Grid Connected Multi Area System using ANFIS Based S...IJMTST Journal
Generally, the non-conventional energy sources are being extensively used in case of power electronic
converter based distribution systems. This paper mainly focuses on the wind energy system integrating with
grid connected system and also improvement of power quality features. The wind energy power plant is
modelled based on associated equations. For improving this power quality problems, this paper proposes the
concepts of shunt converter controllers. This paper also proposes the concepts of ANFIS based Static
Compensator. And also the results are compared for this cases. Thus with such a control, a balanced load
currents are obtained even in the presence of non-linear load. The experimental setup is done in Matlab and
verified the simulation results
A Technique for Shunt Active Filter meld micro grid SystemIJERA Editor
The proposed system presents a control technique for a micro grid connected hybrid generation system ith case study interfaced with a three phase shunt active filter to suppress the current harmonics and reactive power present in the load using PQ Theory with ANN controller. This Hybrid Micro Grid is developed using freely renewable energy resources like Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) and Wind Energy (WE). To extract the maximum available power from PV panels and wind turbines, Maximum power point Tracker (MPPT) has been included. This MPPT uses the “Standard Perturbs and Observe” technique. By using PQ Theory with ANN Controller, the Reference currents are generated which are to be injected by Shunt active power filter (SAPF)to compensate the current harmonics in the non linear load. Simulation studies shows that the proposed control technique performs non-linear load current harmonic compensation maintaining the load current in phase with the source voltage.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A Frame Work for Control of Gird Connected Wind Power Using Two Layer ControlIJMTST Journal
Recently, several large-scale wind generation projects have been implemented all over the world. It is economically beneficial to integrate very large amounts of wind capacity in power systems. Unlike other traditional generation facilities, using wind turbines present technical challenges in producing continuous and controllable electric power. With increase in contribution of wind power into electric power grid, energy storage devices will be required to dynamically match the intermitting of wind energy. When wind turbines are connected to a grid, they should always maintain constant power. In order to maintain constant active power, the use of Doubly-Fed Induction Generators (DFIG) with Energy Storage System (ESS) like super capacitor (or) batteries can be used, with a two layer control scheme. In the two layers control there is a high-layer controller known as Wind Farm Supervisory Control (WFSC), which generates the active power (P), Stator Power (Ps), Energy storage power (Pe), DC voltage (Vdc) etc., references for the low-layer WTG controllers. The low-layer controller has two different controls i.e., Grid side controller (GSC) and Rotor side controller (RSC) which are used to control the AC/DC/AC converters of DFIG wind turbines and to generate the desired active power demand specified by the grid operator. Simulation is carried out in Matlab to evaluate the performance of wind farm equipped with 15 DFIG wind turbines with and without ESS to provide a constant active power of 36MW.
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, i...IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
LOAD FREQUENCY CONTROL IN TWO AREA NETWORK INCLUDING DGIAEME Publication
Automatic Generation Control (AGC) is associate integral a part of Energy Management
System. This paper deals with the automatic generation control of interconnected multi area grid
network. The first purpose of the AGC is to balance the full system generation against system load
and losses so the specified frequency and power interchange with neighboring systems are
maintained. Any pair between generation and demand causes the system frequency to deviate from
regular worth. So high frequency deviation could result in system collapse. This necessitates
associate correct and quick acting controller to take care of constant nominal frequency. The
limitations of the conventional controls are slow and lack of efficiency in handling system nonlinearity.
This leads to develop a control technique for AGC. In this paper both conventional and
PI viz. Proportional Integral controller approach of automatic generation control has been
examined. PI based AGC has been used for all optimization purposes. System performance has
been evaluated at various disturbances such as, load disturbances, grid disturbances and both load
and grid disturbances. Various responses due to conventional and proposed PI based AGC
controllers have been compared at load disturbances, grid disturbances and both load and grid
disturbances.
Open-Switch Fault-Tolerant Control of Power Converters in a Grid-Connected Ph...IAES-IJPEDS
This paper presents the study of an open switch fault tolerant control of a
grid-connected photovoltaic system. The studied system is based on the
classical DC-DC boost converter and a bidirectional 6-pulse DC-AC
converter. The objective is to provide an open-switch fault detection method
and fault-tolerant control for both of boost converter and grid-side converter
(GSC) in a grid-connected photovoltaic system. A fast fault detection method
and a reliable fault-tolerant topology are required to ensure continuity of
service, and achieve a faster corrective maintenance. In this work, the mean
value of the error voltages is used as fault indicator for the GSC, while, for
the boost converter the inductor current form is used as fault indicator. The
fault-tolerant topology was achieved by adding one redundant switch to the
boost converter, and by adding one redundant leg to the GSC. The results of
the fault tolerant control are presented and discussed to validate the proposed
approach under different scenarios and different solar irradiances.
In a distributed generation system, divers renewable agents are connected to the low voltage 3 phase utility grid by an inverter which is used as power condition and must assurance the higher efficiency of the renewable agent. To achieve this level of efficiency, a unitary power factor between the utility grid voltages and the inverter currents is necessary, and a synchronization algorithm is required for the perfect synchronization between the 3-phase utility grid and the renewable agent. The aim of this paper is to present the optimization of the performance of a Synchronization controller for a 3-phase photovoltaic grid-connected system, assessing its accuracy under different conditions and studying their drawbacks and advantages. A grid connected photovoltaic system with a nominal power of 5 kW is used so as to assess the behavior of the synchronization algorithm when the 3 phase utility grid is affected by some disturbances such as voltage unbalances.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) aims to cover the latest outstanding developments in the field of all Engineering Technologies & science.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
Dynamic Modeling of Autonomous Wind–diesel system with Fixed-speed Wind TurbineIJAPEJOURNAL
Wind turbines have often connected to small power systems, operating in parallel to diesel generators, as is typically the case in autonomous wind–diesel installations or small island systems with high wind potential. Hence, the modeling and analysis of the dynamic behavior of wind–diesel power systems in presence of wind power will be important. In this paper, the system under study is modeled by a set of dynamic and algebraic equations (DAE). Dynamic behavior of a wind-diesel system is investigated by the proposed dynamic model. Wind-diesel system consists of wind turbines that are connected to synchronous diesel generator via short transmission line with local load. Dynamic stability of autonomous wind–diesel systems are discussed with emphasis on the eigenvalue analysis and the effective parameters on system stability. In this regards, saddle node bifurcation and hopf bifurcation are also investigated.
Engineering Research Publication
Best International Journals, High Impact Journals,
International Journal of Engineering & Technical Research
ISSN : 2321-0869 (O) 2454-4698 (P)
www.erpublication.org
Flux Based Sensorless Speed Sensing and Real and Reactive Power Flow Control ...ijeei-iaes
This aim of this paper is to design controller for Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) converters and MPPT for turbine and a sensor-less rotor speed estimation to maintain equilibrium in rotor speed, generator torque, and stator and rotor voltages. It is also aimed to meet desired reference real and reactive power during the turbulences like sudden change in reactive power or voltage with concurrently changing wind speed. The turbine blade angle changes with variations in wind speed and direction of wind flow and improves the coefficient of power extracted from turbine using MPPT. Rotor side converter (RSC) helps to achieve optimal real and reactive power from generator, which keeps rotor to rotate at optimal speed and to vary current flow from rotor and stator terminals. Rotor speed is estimated using stator and rotor flux estimation algorithm. Parameters like tip speed ratio; coefficient of power, stator and rotor voltage, current, real, reactive power; rotor speed and electromagnetic torque are studied using MATLAB simulation. The performance of DFIG is compared when there is in wind speed change only; alter in reactive power and variation in grid voltage individually along with variation in wind speed.
Stabilization and Frequency Regulation in Microgrid by Controlling Pitch Angleijtsrd
PID controller based pitch angle controller for the frequency regulation and active power control in a wind turbine and diesel engine powered hybrid power system, is presented in this paper. For testing the prosed controller, variable wind speed pattern is used for realization of real time wind behavior. Furthermore, the variable load is also connected to the hybrid power system to test the efficacy of the prosed controller. The system is modelled and simulated in MATLAB environment and results obtained are compared with and without pitch angle controller. The frequency deviations in PID based pitch angle controller is less than the without controller. Aman Malik | Kavita Sharma "Stabilization and Frequency Regulation in Microgrid by Controlling Pitch Angle" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33303.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/33303/stabilization-and-frequency-regulation-in-microgrid-by-controlling-pitch-angle/aman-malik
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After a blackout
If a blackout (a near total loss of generation and load) takes place, efforts have to be taken to bring back the
system to a normal state at the earliest. It may surprise you to know that this (black starting!) is not an easy
task. We shall see why in this lecture.
Once a generator is tripped, restarting it requires a significant amount of power. Power is required for 2 types of
activities:
a) Survival Power: For emergency lighting, battery chargers etc. Usually the requirement is 0.3% of the
generator capacity.
b)
Startup Power: For starting power plant auxiliaries (pumps etc.) Interestingly, nuclear and thermal units
require approximately 8 % of the unit capacity for auxiliaries alone! Therefore, a 500 MW generator
requires approximately 40 MW for running its auxiliaries.
Hydro and Gas units, on the other hand, require only about 0.5-2% of unit capacity for auxiliaries and can be
started usually from in-house DG sets.
The major steps required for restoration are:
a) Islands which have survived need to be stabilised for frequency and need to be used for starting other
units
b) Hydro/Gas units which require less startup power need to be started using in-house DG sets.
c) Larger thermal units need to be fed "startup power" from: 1) Islands which have survived 2)
Blackstarted generators 3) Other synchronous grids (temporarily)
d) Started units are synchronised with one another.
e) Loads and Generation have to be matched as much as possible to avoid large frequency variations.
Governors have a major role in stabilizing frequency in an island.
A Power quality problem is an occurrence of nonstandard voltage, current or frequency that results in a
failure or a misoperation of end user equipments. Utility distribution networks, sensitive industrial loads and
critical commercial operations suffer from various types of outages and service interruptions which can cost
significant financial losses. With the increase in load demand, the Renewable Energy Sources (RES) are
increasingly connected in the distribution systems which utilizes power electronic Converters/Inverters. This
paper presents a single-stage, three-phase grid connected solar photovoltaic (SPV) system. The proposed system
is dual purpose, as it not only feeds extracted solar energy into the grid but it also helps in improving power
quality in the distribution system. The presented system serves the purpose of maximum power point tracking
(MPPT), feeding SPV energy to the grid, harmonics mitigation of loads connected at point of common coupling
(PCC) and balancing the grid currents. The SPV system uses a three-phase voltage source converter (VSC) for
performing all these functions. An improved linear sinusoidal tracer (ILST)-based control algorithm is proposed
for control of VSC. In the proposed system, a variable dc link voltage is used for MPPT. An instantaneous
compensation technique is used incorporating changes in PV power for fast dynamic response. The SPV system
is first simulated in MATLAB along with Simulink and simpower system toolboxes.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
A Review on Various Topologies of Generators, Power Converters and Control Sc...ijtsrd
In the field of renewable energy, conversion of wind energy has become a point of major interest to the researcher. Converters are no more a small part of the wind energy system WES due to the development of generators in the WES and advancement in applications of power electronics in the WES. This paper presents a review of different topologies of converts used in the extraction of energy from wind using various generators and their combination with different converter topologies. Control scheme complexity, cost, the power consumed, and efficiency are the points considered for the comparison of converters-generator combination schemes. Tanuj Jhankal "A Review on Various Topologies of Generators, Power Converters and Control Schemes in Wind Energy Systems" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47510.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/47510/a-review-on-various-topologies-of-generators-power-converters-and-control-schemes-in-wind-energy-systems/tanuj-jhankal
An improved luo converter for high power applicationseSAT Journals
Abstract
Power conversion is one of the major requirements in various industries and in daily life. Among various types of power
conversion, DC-DC conversion has greater importance. DC-DC conversion can be reliably performed using luo converter. It
employs voltage lift technique so that output voltage is increased stage by stage, in arithmetic progression. Luo converter can be
incorporated with the Z network or impedance network so as to ensure simple start up and smooth power conversion. An
impedance network consist of two identical inductors and two identical capacitors connected in ‘X’ shape. Besides power
conversion it also offers filtering operation. The luo converter in this scheme is of switched capacitor type. It helps to provide
regulated output voltage from an unregulated source of power supply. The major benefits of this proposed scheme is that it
combines the advantages of the switched capacitor, voltage lift technique and the impedance network. Hence the proposed scheme
has various advantages such as high power density, larger range of output DC voltage, lower or no inrush current, lower
harmonic injection, simple circuit, high voltage transfer gain, can process upto several tens of watts of power. The simulation
analysis and the hardware implementation shows that the output voltage obtained is higher than the expected theoretical value.
i.e, it is the highly boosted voltage output.
Keywords: Z-network, boost voltage, voltage lift technique
A Fuzzy Based STATCOM Controller for Mitigating Current Harmonics in Grid Int...IJMTST Journal
Generally, the non-conventional energy sources are being extensively used in case of power electronic converter based distribution systems. This paper mainly focuses on the wind energy system integrating with grid connected system and also improvement of power quality features. The wind energy power plant is modelled based on associated equations. For improving this power quality problems, this paper proposes the concepts of shunt converter controllers. This paper also proposes the concepts of fuzzy based Thyristor Switched Capacitor and Static Compensator and STATCOM. And also the results are compared for this cases. Thus with such a control, a balanced load currents are obtained even in the presence of non-linear load. The experimental setup is done in Matlab and verified the simulation results.
LOAD FREQUENCY CONTROL IN TWO AREA NETWORK INCLUDING DGIAEME Publication
Automatic Generation Control (AGC) is associate integral a part of Energy Management
System. This paper deals with the automatic generation control of interconnected multi area grid
network. The first purpose of the AGC is to balance the full system generation against system load
and losses so the specified frequency and power interchange with neighboring systems are
maintained. Any pair between generation and demand causes the system frequency to deviate from
regular worth. So high frequency deviation could result in system collapse. This necessitates
associate correct and quick acting controller to take care of constant nominal frequency. The
limitations of the conventional controls are slow and lack of efficiency in handling system nonlinearity.
This leads to develop a control technique for AGC. In this paper both conventional and
PI viz. Proportional Integral controller approach of automatic generation control has been
examined. PI based AGC has been used for all optimization purposes. System performance has
been evaluated at various disturbances such as, load disturbances, grid disturbances and both load
and grid disturbances. Various responses due to conventional and proposed PI based AGC
controllers have been compared at load disturbances, grid disturbances and both load and grid
disturbances.
Open-Switch Fault-Tolerant Control of Power Converters in a Grid-Connected Ph...IAES-IJPEDS
This paper presents the study of an open switch fault tolerant control of a
grid-connected photovoltaic system. The studied system is based on the
classical DC-DC boost converter and a bidirectional 6-pulse DC-AC
converter. The objective is to provide an open-switch fault detection method
and fault-tolerant control for both of boost converter and grid-side converter
(GSC) in a grid-connected photovoltaic system. A fast fault detection method
and a reliable fault-tolerant topology are required to ensure continuity of
service, and achieve a faster corrective maintenance. In this work, the mean
value of the error voltages is used as fault indicator for the GSC, while, for
the boost converter the inductor current form is used as fault indicator. The
fault-tolerant topology was achieved by adding one redundant switch to the
boost converter, and by adding one redundant leg to the GSC. The results of
the fault tolerant control are presented and discussed to validate the proposed
approach under different scenarios and different solar irradiances.
In a distributed generation system, divers renewable agents are connected to the low voltage 3 phase utility grid by an inverter which is used as power condition and must assurance the higher efficiency of the renewable agent. To achieve this level of efficiency, a unitary power factor between the utility grid voltages and the inverter currents is necessary, and a synchronization algorithm is required for the perfect synchronization between the 3-phase utility grid and the renewable agent. The aim of this paper is to present the optimization of the performance of a Synchronization controller for a 3-phase photovoltaic grid-connected system, assessing its accuracy under different conditions and studying their drawbacks and advantages. A grid connected photovoltaic system with a nominal power of 5 kW is used so as to assess the behavior of the synchronization algorithm when the 3 phase utility grid is affected by some disturbances such as voltage unbalances.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) aims to cover the latest outstanding developments in the field of all Engineering Technologies & science.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
Dynamic Modeling of Autonomous Wind–diesel system with Fixed-speed Wind TurbineIJAPEJOURNAL
Wind turbines have often connected to small power systems, operating in parallel to diesel generators, as is typically the case in autonomous wind–diesel installations or small island systems with high wind potential. Hence, the modeling and analysis of the dynamic behavior of wind–diesel power systems in presence of wind power will be important. In this paper, the system under study is modeled by a set of dynamic and algebraic equations (DAE). Dynamic behavior of a wind-diesel system is investigated by the proposed dynamic model. Wind-diesel system consists of wind turbines that are connected to synchronous diesel generator via short transmission line with local load. Dynamic stability of autonomous wind–diesel systems are discussed with emphasis on the eigenvalue analysis and the effective parameters on system stability. In this regards, saddle node bifurcation and hopf bifurcation are also investigated.
Engineering Research Publication
Best International Journals, High Impact Journals,
International Journal of Engineering & Technical Research
ISSN : 2321-0869 (O) 2454-4698 (P)
www.erpublication.org
Flux Based Sensorless Speed Sensing and Real and Reactive Power Flow Control ...ijeei-iaes
This aim of this paper is to design controller for Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) converters and MPPT for turbine and a sensor-less rotor speed estimation to maintain equilibrium in rotor speed, generator torque, and stator and rotor voltages. It is also aimed to meet desired reference real and reactive power during the turbulences like sudden change in reactive power or voltage with concurrently changing wind speed. The turbine blade angle changes with variations in wind speed and direction of wind flow and improves the coefficient of power extracted from turbine using MPPT. Rotor side converter (RSC) helps to achieve optimal real and reactive power from generator, which keeps rotor to rotate at optimal speed and to vary current flow from rotor and stator terminals. Rotor speed is estimated using stator and rotor flux estimation algorithm. Parameters like tip speed ratio; coefficient of power, stator and rotor voltage, current, real, reactive power; rotor speed and electromagnetic torque are studied using MATLAB simulation. The performance of DFIG is compared when there is in wind speed change only; alter in reactive power and variation in grid voltage individually along with variation in wind speed.
Stabilization and Frequency Regulation in Microgrid by Controlling Pitch Angleijtsrd
PID controller based pitch angle controller for the frequency regulation and active power control in a wind turbine and diesel engine powered hybrid power system, is presented in this paper. For testing the prosed controller, variable wind speed pattern is used for realization of real time wind behavior. Furthermore, the variable load is also connected to the hybrid power system to test the efficacy of the prosed controller. The system is modelled and simulated in MATLAB environment and results obtained are compared with and without pitch angle controller. The frequency deviations in PID based pitch angle controller is less than the without controller. Aman Malik | Kavita Sharma "Stabilization and Frequency Regulation in Microgrid by Controlling Pitch Angle" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33303.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/33303/stabilization-and-frequency-regulation-in-microgrid-by-controlling-pitch-angle/aman-malik
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After a blackout
If a blackout (a near total loss of generation and load) takes place, efforts have to be taken to bring back the
system to a normal state at the earliest. It may surprise you to know that this (black starting!) is not an easy
task. We shall see why in this lecture.
Once a generator is tripped, restarting it requires a significant amount of power. Power is required for 2 types of
activities:
a) Survival Power: For emergency lighting, battery chargers etc. Usually the requirement is 0.3% of the
generator capacity.
b)
Startup Power: For starting power plant auxiliaries (pumps etc.) Interestingly, nuclear and thermal units
require approximately 8 % of the unit capacity for auxiliaries alone! Therefore, a 500 MW generator
requires approximately 40 MW for running its auxiliaries.
Hydro and Gas units, on the other hand, require only about 0.5-2% of unit capacity for auxiliaries and can be
started usually from in-house DG sets.
The major steps required for restoration are:
a) Islands which have survived need to be stabilised for frequency and need to be used for starting other
units
b) Hydro/Gas units which require less startup power need to be started using in-house DG sets.
c) Larger thermal units need to be fed "startup power" from: 1) Islands which have survived 2)
Blackstarted generators 3) Other synchronous grids (temporarily)
d) Started units are synchronised with one another.
e) Loads and Generation have to be matched as much as possible to avoid large frequency variations.
Governors have a major role in stabilizing frequency in an island.
A Power quality problem is an occurrence of nonstandard voltage, current or frequency that results in a
failure or a misoperation of end user equipments. Utility distribution networks, sensitive industrial loads and
critical commercial operations suffer from various types of outages and service interruptions which can cost
significant financial losses. With the increase in load demand, the Renewable Energy Sources (RES) are
increasingly connected in the distribution systems which utilizes power electronic Converters/Inverters. This
paper presents a single-stage, three-phase grid connected solar photovoltaic (SPV) system. The proposed system
is dual purpose, as it not only feeds extracted solar energy into the grid but it also helps in improving power
quality in the distribution system. The presented system serves the purpose of maximum power point tracking
(MPPT), feeding SPV energy to the grid, harmonics mitigation of loads connected at point of common coupling
(PCC) and balancing the grid currents. The SPV system uses a three-phase voltage source converter (VSC) for
performing all these functions. An improved linear sinusoidal tracer (ILST)-based control algorithm is proposed
for control of VSC. In the proposed system, a variable dc link voltage is used for MPPT. An instantaneous
compensation technique is used incorporating changes in PV power for fast dynamic response. The SPV system
is first simulated in MATLAB along with Simulink and simpower system toolboxes.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
A Review on Various Topologies of Generators, Power Converters and Control Sc...ijtsrd
In the field of renewable energy, conversion of wind energy has become a point of major interest to the researcher. Converters are no more a small part of the wind energy system WES due to the development of generators in the WES and advancement in applications of power electronics in the WES. This paper presents a review of different topologies of converts used in the extraction of energy from wind using various generators and their combination with different converter topologies. Control scheme complexity, cost, the power consumed, and efficiency are the points considered for the comparison of converters-generator combination schemes. Tanuj Jhankal "A Review on Various Topologies of Generators, Power Converters and Control Schemes in Wind Energy Systems" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47510.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/47510/a-review-on-various-topologies-of-generators-power-converters-and-control-schemes-in-wind-energy-systems/tanuj-jhankal
An improved luo converter for high power applicationseSAT Journals
Abstract
Power conversion is one of the major requirements in various industries and in daily life. Among various types of power
conversion, DC-DC conversion has greater importance. DC-DC conversion can be reliably performed using luo converter. It
employs voltage lift technique so that output voltage is increased stage by stage, in arithmetic progression. Luo converter can be
incorporated with the Z network or impedance network so as to ensure simple start up and smooth power conversion. An
impedance network consist of two identical inductors and two identical capacitors connected in ‘X’ shape. Besides power
conversion it also offers filtering operation. The luo converter in this scheme is of switched capacitor type. It helps to provide
regulated output voltage from an unregulated source of power supply. The major benefits of this proposed scheme is that it
combines the advantages of the switched capacitor, voltage lift technique and the impedance network. Hence the proposed scheme
has various advantages such as high power density, larger range of output DC voltage, lower or no inrush current, lower
harmonic injection, simple circuit, high voltage transfer gain, can process upto several tens of watts of power. The simulation
analysis and the hardware implementation shows that the output voltage obtained is higher than the expected theoretical value.
i.e, it is the highly boosted voltage output.
Keywords: Z-network, boost voltage, voltage lift technique
A Fuzzy Based STATCOM Controller for Mitigating Current Harmonics in Grid Int...IJMTST Journal
Generally, the non-conventional energy sources are being extensively used in case of power electronic converter based distribution systems. This paper mainly focuses on the wind energy system integrating with grid connected system and also improvement of power quality features. The wind energy power plant is modelled based on associated equations. For improving this power quality problems, this paper proposes the concepts of shunt converter controllers. This paper also proposes the concepts of fuzzy based Thyristor Switched Capacitor and Static Compensator and STATCOM. And also the results are compared for this cases. Thus with such a control, a balanced load currents are obtained even in the presence of non-linear load. The experimental setup is done in Matlab and verified the simulation results.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
1.compensation of reactive power using d statcom in grid interfaced pv systemEditorJST
This paper displays the upgrade of voltage droops, Harmonic mutilation and low power figure utilizing Distribution Static Compensator (D-STATCOM) with LCL Passive Filter in Distribution Framework. At whatever point there is an entrance of photovoltaic cell energy to the low voltage appropriated matrix, there happen the issue of confuse in voltage and recurrence in the system, maybe brought on by non-direct loads, creating music. The model depends on the Voltage Source Converter (VSC) guideline. The D-STATCOM infuses a current into the framework to alleviate the voltage lists. LCL Passive Filter Was then added to D-STATCOM to enhance symphonies bending and low power figure. The reproductions were performed utilizing MATLAB SIMULINK.
Performance analysis of various parameters by comparison of conventional pitc...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Performance analysis of various parameters by comparison of conventional pitc...eSAT Journals
Abstract This paper deals with a variable speed wind turbine coupled with a permanent magnet synchronous generator connected through a two mass drive train. This drive train is connected to synchronous generator and after the conversion process finally connected to grid and the idea of transmission over a long distance makes the use of converter necessary and at the receiving end. The inverter is used to convert it back and the inverter is designed with a proper gate signal to get the best output three phase voltages. The fuzzy logic controller is used to track generator speed with varying wind speed to optimize turbine aerodynamic efficiency in the outer speed loop. Pitch angle control of wind turbine has been used widely to reduce torque and output power variation in high rated wind speed areas .The machine side converter is designed to extract maximum power from the wind. In this work a WECS connected with grid is designed in Matlab and a Fuzzy controller is designed to improve the output and we can see the major difference in DC link voltage and reactive power in transmission line. From the outputs we can also go through the reactive power issue which system is best for inductive load or capacitive load. The simple PI system is good for capacitive load and the fuzzy system is better option for the inductive load. The results of both the system of normal controller and fuzzy controller is compared and analyzed. Key Words: Fuzzy logic controller (FLC), permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG), insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) , Pulse width modulation (PWM), Wind energy conversion system, DC link capacitor. FACTS Flexible A.C Transmission system, PI proportional integral
APPLICATION OF STATCOM to IMPROVED DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE OF POWER SYSTEMijsrd.com
Application of FACTS controller called Static Synchronous Compensator STATCOM to improve the performance of power grid with Wind Farms is investigated .The essential feature of the STATCOM is that it has the ability to absorb or inject fastly the reactive power with power grid . Therefore the voltage regulation of the power grid with STATCOM FACTS device is achieved. Moreover restoring the stability of the power system having wind farm after occurring severe disturbance such as faults or wind farm mechanical power variation is obtained with STATCOM controller . The dynamic model of the power system having wind farm controlled by proposed STATCOM is developed . To validate the powerful of the STATCOM FACTS controller, the studied power system is simulated and subjected to different severe disturbances. The results prove the effectiveness of the proposed STATCOM controller in terms of fast damping the power system oscillations and restoring the power system stability.
Improved Power Quality by using STATCOM Under Various Loading ConditionsIJMTST Journal
A Power quality problem is an occurrence manifested as a nonstandard voltage, current or frequency that
results in a failure or a mis-operation of end user equipment’s. Utility distribution networks, sensitive
industrial loads and critical commercial operations suffer from various types of outages and service
interruptions which can cost significant financial losses. With the restructuring of power systems and with
shifting trend towards distributed and dispersed generation, the issue of power quality is going to take
newer dimensions. Injection of the wind power into an electric grid affects the power quality. The
performance of the wind turbine and thereby power quality are determined on the basis of measurements
and the norms followed according to the guideline specified in International Electro-technical Commission
standard, IEC-61400. The influence of the wind turbine in the grid system concerning the power quality
measurements are-the active power, reactive power, variation of voltage, flicker, harmonics, and electrical
behavior of switching operation and these are measured according to national/international guidelines.
Static Compensator (STATCOM) is connected at a point of common coupling with a battery energy storage
system (BESS) to mitigate the power quality issues. The battery energy storage is integrated to sustain the
real power source under fluctuating wind power. Here two control schemes for STATCOM are Fuzzy logic
controller and hybrid Fuzzy logic controller. We can better response for hybrid fuzzy compare to fuzzy logic
controller. The STATCOM control scheme for the grid connected wind energy generation system for power
quality improvement is simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK in power system block set. Finally the proposed
scheme is applied for both balanced and unbalanced linear nonlinear loads.
Performance Analysis of DC Micro Grid with PV-Fuel Cell Hybrid GenerationIJMREMJournal
Conventional energy resources are being replaced by Renewable energy sources mainly due to increasing
environmental concerns. Photovoltaic (PV) and Fuel cell (FC) are suitable to be used in modern DC microgrids
due to their DC output. In this research work, a DC microgrid structure is proposed for small residential areas
using hybrid PV and FC generation. Power Electronic converters are used to regulate generated voltage of the
two sources for integration to a common DC bus. Proposed system is simulated using MATLAB SIMULINK to
observe its performance. Simulation results show that output voltage is properly maintained at different DC
Voltage Stability & Power Quality Assessment of Distributed Generation Based ...ijsrd.com
This paper demonstrated the power quality & voltage stability problems associated with the renewable based distribution generation systems and how the Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) device such as Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) play an important role in Power Quality Improvement. First we simulated the wind farm system without STATCOM and after the system simulated with STATCOM. We use the MATLAB/Simulink software for Simulation.
Grid Interconnection of Renewable Energy Sources at the Distribution Level Wi...Pradeep Avanigadda
Renewable energy resources (RES) are being increasingly
connected in distribution systems utilizing power electronic
converters. This paper presents a novel control strategy for
achieving maximum benefits from these grid-interfacing inverters
when installed in 3-phase 4-wire distribution systems. The inverter
is controlled to perform as a multi-function device by incorporating
active power filter functionality. The inverter can thus be
utilized as: 1) power converter to inject power generated from
RES to the grid, and 2) shunt APF to compensate current unbalance,
load current harmonics, load reactive power demand and
load neutral current. All of these functions may be accomplished
either individually or simultaneously. With such a control, the
combination of grid-interfacing inverter and the 3-phase 4-wire
linear/non-linear unbalanced load at point of common coupling
appears as balanced linear load to the grid. This new control
concept is demonstrated with extensive MATLAB/Simulink simulation
studies and validated through digital signal processor-based
laboratory experimental results.
Index Terms—Active power filter
Power Quality Improvement Using Custom Power Devices in Squirrel Cage Inducti...IJPEDS-IAES
Wind farm is connected to the grid directly.The wind is not constant voltage fluctuations occur at point of common coupling (PCC) and WF terminal. To overcome this problem a new compensation strategy is used. By using Custom power devices (UPQC).It injects reactive power at PCC. The advantages of UPQC are it consists of both DVR and D-STATCOM. DVR is connected in series to the line and it injects in phase voltage into the line .D- STATCOM is connected shunt to the line .The internal control strategy is based on management of active and reactive power in series and shunt converters of UPQC. The power exchainge is done by using DC-link.
Solar energy based impedance-source inverter for grid systemIJECEIAES
In this work, the fickleness of solar energy can be overcome by using Maximum Power Point Tracking algorithm (MPPT). Perturb and Observation (P&O) MPPT algorithm accomplish fast the maximum power point for rapid change of environmental conditions such as irradiance intensity and temperature. The MPPT algorithm applied to solar PV system keep the boost converter output constant. Output from boost converter is taken to three phase impedance-source inverter with RL load and grid system. Impedance-source inverter performs the transformation of variable DC output of the solar PV system in to near sinusoidal AC output. This near sinusoidal AC output consecutively is served to the RL load first and then to grid system. The simulation is carried out in matlab/simulink platform both for RL load and grid system and the simulation results are experimentally validated for RL load arrangement only.
ER Publication,
IJETR, IJMCTR,
Journals,
International Journals,
High Impact Journals,
Monthly Journal,
Good quality Journals,
Research,
Research Papers,
Research Article,
Free Journals, Open access Journals,
erpublication.org,
Engineering Journal,
Science Journals,
This work includes the establishment of a Photovoltaic system connected to the grid by means of an inverter. The fundamental goal of the work is to incorporate an advanced active power flow management scheme in order to adopt load at any weather condition along with the advantage of maximum active power flow and zero harmonics from PV inverter to the grid. The outcome of analysis and control design of grid connected PV inverter using a Proportional-Integral (PI) control technique is based on synchronous dq rotating reference frame so as to achieve maximum output voltage and record the active power. It has been observed that the model provides a better rate of stability as compared to the existing topology.
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4.power quality improvement in dg system using shunt active filter
1. www.jst.org.in 25 | Page
Journal of Science and Technology (JST)
Volume 2, Issue 4, April 2016, PP 25-32
www.jst.org.in ISSN: 2456 - 5660
Power Quality Improvement in DG System using Shunt Active
Filter
P.Sridher1
, T. Santosh Kumar2
, V.Vijaya Bhaskar3
1,2,3
(Assistant Professor, Department of EEE, Holy Mary Institute of Technology & Sciences, Hyd, India)
Abstract : Injection of power generated by the wind turbine system into an electric grid mainly effects the
power quality. The performance of this wind turbine and its power quality is determined on the basis of its
measurement of power ratings as per IEEE standards. The influence of the wind turbine in the grid system
concerning the power quality measurements are the active power, reactive power, variation of voltage, flicker,
harmonics, and electrical behavior of switching operation. To mitigate the power quality problems this paper
proposes the shunt compensator techniques. Here, the proposed system is verified experimentally using both
STATCOM and TSC compensators. This control schemes for grid connected wind energy system is simulated
using Matlab/Simulink.
Keywords - : Static Compensator, Thyristor Switched Capacitor, Wind Energy System, Grid interconnection,
power quality.
I. INTRODUCTION
With expansion in the interest for Electricity because of expansion in populace and industrialization, the
Generation of power was truly a test now a day. In the event that we need to expand the power produced in the
customary path [1]-[2] i.e., by method for non-renewable vitality sources like coal, diesel, normal gasses and
comparative fossil energizes, the contamination builds which debases the Environment and human way of life.
The reasons for power quality issues are by and large mind boggling and hard to identify when we coordinate a
wind turbine to the network. Therefore, the power electronic based forced commutated converters are preferred
in distribution systems for maintainece of system stability, reliability and quality of power as the point of
common coupling.
A shunt device is a compensating device i.e. which is connected between the grid connected point
called as PCC and the ground [3]. Shunt device either can absorb or generate the reactive power for controlling
the magnitude of voltage at point of common coupling.
The reactive power compensation is also one of the application of shunt converter devices [4]. Figure 1
shows the basic diagram for the shunt connected inverter based grid connected system.
2. www.jst.org.in 26 | Page
Journal of Science and Technology
Set of
3-phase
and 1-
phase
loads
4-Leg Grid Interfacing Inverter
Figure 1: Diagram for Proposed System.
Grid Interconnection of Wind Energy System
Recently, grid connected wind system have been spreading in residential areas and in industrial areas. So we
have to find a suitable Maximum Power Point Technique (MPPT) technique that gives a better power output.
For a grid connected system, there are certain factors that have been considered such that DC-AC conversion
with highest output power quality with the proper design of filters. Grid interface inverters transfer the energy
from the wind energy generation system to the grid by maintaining constancy of dc link voltage. For a grid
connected system the utility network mainly demands for better power quality and power output. In the case of
voltage fluctuations, control of grid parameters is rather difficult [5]. So for a wind system that is connected to a
grid, the first stage is the boosting stage and the second stage is DC-AC converter [6]. An output filter is usually
employed which reduces the ripple components due to switching. The problem associated with the grid
connected system is that the dc link voltage that oscillates between the two levels depends on the operating
climatic conditions (ambient temperature & irradiance) in which inverter that acts as a power controller between
the dc link and the utility isolated. Dc link is generally used to isolate the grid from the inverter side so that we
can control both wind system and grid separately. All the available power that can be extracted from the wind
system is transferred to the grid [6].
Wind Energy System
The generation of electrical power is obtained mainly in two ways. One is conventional source and
other is non- conventional energy sources. The generation of electricity using non-renewable resources such as
coal, natural gas, oil and so on, shows great impact on the environment by production of green house gases.
Hence, by considering all these conditions the generation of electricity is obtained from the renewable energy
sources.
Basically, out of all renewable energy sources the wind turbine plays an important role for generating
electricity. And from economical point of view the wind turbine has low maintainece cost and it needs no fuel,
B
C V
N a v
b
v Ib Ic I
DSP
Control
External Hysteresis
Board
p1 p4 p3 p6 p5 p2 p7 p8
Renewable
sources
A
Grid
Distribution
Transformer
c Ia R
Ia
Ib
Ic
In Lsh
s1 s7
s5
s1 s3
Vdc
s4 s6
s2
s8
3. www.jst.org.in 27 | Page
Journal of Science and Technology
so, it is pollution free. In the world scenario, 50-60 percent [7] of energy is generated from wind turbine as
compared with all other renewable energy sources.
Figure 2 shows the basic configuration diagram of the wind energy system.
Figure 2 Basic schematic diagram of wind turbine
The wind turbine converters wind energy to electrical energy and the generator mechanical shaft power
is obtained by the following expression:
Pm =0.5ρAv3
Cp
Where (kg/m ) is the air density and A (m ) is the area swept out by turbine blade, Vwind is the wind speed in
mtr/s. It is not possible to extract all kinetic energy of wind, thus it extract a fraction of power in wind, there Cp
is the power coefficient, depends on type and operating condition of wind turbine.
And the coefficient of power also plays a key role for wind system and the basic minimum value of
power coefficient is 0.5 [8]. The power coefficient is obtained by the ratio of tip speed ratio to pitch angle. The
pitch angle is the angle at which the blades of turbine are arranged based on their longitude axis and changes in
wind direction. The tip speed ration is defined as ratio of linear speed of the rotor to the wind speed.
Figure 3 shows a typical waveform for coefficient of power with respect to the tip speed ratio (TSR).
The maximum achievable range of TSR is from 0.4 to 0.5 for turbine with high speed and from 0.2 t0 0.4 for
turbine with low speed [9].
Figure 3: Power coefficient Vs Tip Speed Ratio
DFIG on Wind Generator
The doubly-fed induction has special advantages as energy converter a wind generator for the following
reasons; these make DFIG a preferred electro-mechanical device and wind generators[10].
1. DFIG has the ability active or reactive powers independently through the rotor excitation currents.
2. The DFIG need not necessarily be excited from the main grid. It can be magnetized from the circuit too.
4. www.jst.org.in 28 | Page
Journal of Science and Technology
Controller
DC voltage
Vdc
3. It is capable of generating reactive power that can be delivered to the stator bythe grid side converter.
4. The size of the converter is not related to the converted power; it is related to the selected speed range and
hence so the slip power.
5. In case of weak-grids, where the voltage may fluctuate, the DFIG may be ordered to produce or absorb an
amount of reactive power from the grid with purpose of voltagecontrol.
The paper presented here addresses this problem. When the weak systems, with large voltage
fluctuations, do not exchange adequate reactive power, the system is to be supplemented with shunt
compensating devices, like TSC or STATCOM.
II. STATCOM AND ITS CONTROL TECHNIQUE
A STATCOM is a one of the compensated device which is obtained from the FACTS family [11] and
is a combination of power electronic converter along with reactor. Mostly, the converter is constructed by the
use of fully controlled devices such as GTO, IGBT or MOSFET. The main purpose of this STATCOM
converter control technique is used to compensate the deviations in power system for improving power quality.
In this paper grid interfaced wind turbine based STATCOM control scheme is proposed for improving the
reliability of electrical power [12].
• The Dc voltage obtained for STATCOM is generated from Solar Cells. The schematic diagram of Static
compensator is given in figure 4.
Generation
TransmissionLineUT
Iq
Power flow
PCC
Coupling XT
Transformer
Load
Reactivecurrent
injection
3-phase ACvoltage
Phase
Voltage
source
converter
U UT
Uref
Firing angle
Cdc
Figure 4: Basic block diagram for static compensator.
The utilization of different types of electrical loads in three phase system, produces an unbalances in current,
which causes the unreliable power [13].
Thereby for maintaining the electrical reliability the statcom controller plays a key role. In this statcom
control technique, the reference voltage and dc link capacitor voltages are compared and the result obtained
from this is converted to two phase coordinators called as orthogonal vectors.
2.1 THYRISTOR SWITCHED CAPACITOR
The major and most important component of the family of static var compensator [14] is Thyristor
Switched Capacitor. It is an equipment which is used for reactive power compensation in power systems. It is a
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combination of capacitor bank which is connected in series with the anti-parallel thyristor valve and a small
current limiting inductor.
The thyristor switched capacitor is commonly a three phase system which is connected in either star or delta. As
compared with thyristor controlled reactor, the thyristor switched capacitor produces less harmonics demanding
no extra filter circuits. Due to this reason the thyristor switched capacitor is mostly used in static var
compensator family and used for only reactive power [15]. The basic schematic diagram for thyristor switched
capacitor (TSC) is as shown in figure 5.
Control/metering
VT
Earthing
transformer
Delta TCR Delta TSC Delta TSC Delta TSC
Figure 5: Thyristor Switched Capacitor
III. SIMULATION STUDY
Case 1: Simulation result with use of TSC Converter
The simulation is done based on the figure 1.
The simulation diagram for the proposed grid interfaced wind energy system with Thyristor switched capacitor
is shown in figure 6.
Figure 6: Simulation Diagram of proposed system with TSC
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Figure 7: Results for Wind Energy System with TSC
In figure 7 the wave form (a) shows the output for source current after compensation, (b) waveform for load
current, (c) waveform for the injected current by the tsc converter and finally the waveform (d) shows the result
for current from wind turbine. And figure 8 shows its total harmonic distortion waveform.
Figure 8: FFT analysis for Source current.
Case 2: Simulation Diagram and results with STATCOM
The simulation diagram for the proposed grid interfaced wind energy system with STATCOM controller is
shown in figure 9.
Figure 9: Over All Circuit Diagram in Simulation with Sub Systems
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Figure 10: simulation result for current.
In figure 10 the wave form (a) shows the output for source current after compensation, (b) waveform
for load current, (c) waveform for the injected current by the Statcom converter and finally the waveform (d)
shows the result for current from wind turbine. Figure 11 shows the total harmonic distortion of proposed
system with Statcom controller.
Fig 11: FFT analysis for Source current.
From these results, examined the performance of TSC and STATCOM in electric power systems.
Based on the analytical and simulation studies, the impact of TSC and STATCOM on the studied power system
is presented. It was shown that both devices significantly improve the transient voltage behavior of power
systems. And finally all these factors will increase the reliability of wind power plants. So it seems inevitable to
use TSC or STATCOM in power plants. Our studies show that STATCOM have faster response in
compensation and correction of voltage profile than TSC. But since our purpose is mainly to prevent system
instability in power systems so with regardless of the cost and higher casualties of STATCOM we can prefer
STATCOM over TSC.
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IV. CONCLUSION
The paper presents a novel concept of integration of STATCOM/TSC with grid inter faced wind energy system
for power quality improvement. The paper also presents effects of power quality on consumer and power utility
systems. The shunt devices proposed here, while reducing the distortions in currents, improved the power factor
thus reducing the reducing the reactive power demand from the wind generator and the load at point of common
coupling. Thus, the integration of FACTS devices maintains the desired power quality requirements. The
operation of STATCOM and the TSC and their control strategies are simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK. The
use of STATCOM, as a shunt controller, gives better results than by TSC.
REFERENCE
[1] A.Q.Huang, M Baran, S.Bhattacharya ―STATCOM importance on the integration of a large wind farm into a weak loop power system,‖
IEEE Trans. Energy Conv., vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 226–232, Mar. 2008.
[2] Hook, Y. Liu, presents a paper on ―Mitigation of the wind generation integration related power quality problems by energy storage,‖ at
EPQU J., vol. XII, no. 2, in 2006.
[3] Wind Turbine Generating System—Part 21, International standard-IEC 61400-21, 2001.
[4] J.Manel, ―Power electronic system for grid integration of renewable energy source: A survey,‖ IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 53, no. 4,
pp. 1002–1014, 2006, Carrasco
[5] S. Ezhilarasan, P. Palanivel, S. Sambath ―Design and Development of Energy Management System for DG Source Allocation in a Micro
Grid with Energy Storage System‖ Volume 8, Issue 13, July 2015.
[6] S.Heier, Grid Integration of Wind Energy Conversions. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2007, pp. 256–259.
[7] J.J.Gutierrez, J.Ruiz, L.Leturiondo, and A.Lazkano, ―Flicker measurement system for wind turbine certification,‖ IEEE Trans. Instrum.
Meas., vol. 58, no. 2, pp. 375–382, Feb. 2009.
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF AUTHORS
P.Sridher received the B.Tech. Degree in Electrical and Electronics Engineering from JNTU-
Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India in the year 2012,and M.Tech from JNTU Hyderabad,
Andhra Pradesh, India in the year 2015.He has teaching experience of three years in various
engineering colleges. He is currently working as Assistant Professor in Holy Mary Institute of
Technology and Science, Bogaram (V) R.R.Dist, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India He has
published 2 research papers in reputed National and International Journals and Attended
International and National Conferences, attended workshops in the Dept.of Electrical and
Electronics Engineering. His interest areas Power Electronics& Drives, FACTS, etc.
.Santosh Kumar received the B.Tech. degree in Electrical and Electronics Engineering from
JNTU-Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India in the year 2011, and M.Tech from JNTU Hyderabad,
Andhra Pradesh, India in the year 2014. He has teaching experience of Three years in various
engineering colleges. He is currently working as Assistant Professor in Holy Mary Institute of
Technology and Science, Bogaram (V), R.R. Dist., Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India in the
Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engineering. He has published 14 research papers in reputed
National, International Journals and various Conferences. His interest areas are Power
Electronics, FACTS etc.
V.Vijaya Bhaskar completed his M.Tech in the year of 2013 from JNTU Hyderabad.
Completed B.Tech from JNTU Hyderabad in 2011. He has 4 years of experience in teaching
field. Presently working as Assistant Professor in Holy Mary Institute of Technology &
Sciences, Bogaram, R.R.District, Hyderabad, Telangana, India. He has published 12 research
papers in reputed National and International Journals and Attended International and National
Conferences, attended 10 workshops. His areas of interest are Power Systems, Power
Electronics & Drives, FACTS, etc.