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Frame
The document discusses the history and types of eyeglass frames. It notes that the earliest reference to magnification dates back to 5th century BC Egypt, while the first eyeglasses were made in Italy in around 1286. It then describes the main parts of frames including the front, temples, hinges, and nose pads. The document outlines different types of frames such as plastic, metal, nylon cord, combination, half-eye, rimless, and semi-rimless frames. It also discusses bridge areas and temple constructions. Finally, the materials used for plastic and metal frames are summarized.
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Frame
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- 2. History The earliesthistorical reference to magnification dates back to ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs in the 5th century BC, which depict "simple glass meniscal lenses
- 3. The firsteyeglasses were made in Italy at about 1286, according to a sermon delivered on February 23, 1306 by the Dominican friar Giordano da Pisa
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- 6. Frame Types andParts A frame generally consists of the front, which in one form Temples ,which attach to the front and hook over the ears to help hold the spectacles in place.
- 7. Parts Frame Fronts Thatarea of the frame front between the lenses that rests on the nose is the bridge. The hinges hold the temples to the front. Nose pads ,which are plastic pieces that rest on the nose to support the frame.
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- 9. Parts of atemple.
- 10. Frames Frames withoutan eyewire going completely around the lens are called mountings. Lenses are “inserted” into frames, but “mounted” into mountings. Frames themselves can be classified in a simplified manner by one of the following categories of frames or mountings.
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- 12. Plastics Plastic frameswere occasionally referred to as shell frames, dating back to the time when eyeglass frames were made of tortoise shell. Another general term that many still use for certain plastic frames is zyl, since at one time zylonite (cellulose nitrate) was a commonly used material.
- 13. • Made upof plastic materials • Commonly used plastic material cellulose acetate • Inexpensive Plastics
- 14. Plastics Thermoplastic Thermosetting Thermoplastic materials can be heated & cooled with out losing their plasticity.
- 15. Metal Metal framesare those made of all metal parts, except for the nose pads and the posterior temple sections, which are plastic covered. The eyewire runs completely around the lens.
- 16. Nylon cord frames Nylon cord frames, sometimes called string mounted frames or nylon supras hold the lenses in place by means of a nylon cord that fits around the edge of the lens. This gives the glasses the appearance of being rimless.
- 17. Usually thetop of the lens is fitted into the upper rim of the frames. The rest of the lens has a small groove cut into an otherwise fl at edge.
- 18. Combination Combination framesare commonly frames having a metal chassis and plastic top rims and temples. Although this is the most common construction, technically any frame with a combination of metal and plastic could be included in this category.
- 19. Half-eye Half-eyes areframes made especially for those who need a reading correction.
- 20. Rimless mountings Rimlessmountings hold the lenses in place by some method other than eyewires or nylon cords. Often screws are used, but cement, clamps, and plastic posts have been used. Most rimless mountings have two areas of attachment per lens, one nasally and one temporally. Rimless mountings are sometimes referred to as 3-piece mountings.
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- 22. Semi rimless Itsimilar to the rimless except for a metal reinforcing arm, which follows the upper posterior surface of the lens and joins the centerpiece of the frame to the endpiece. The centerpiece of a mounting consists of bridge, pad arms, and pads.
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- 25. BRIDGE Plastic Bridges Saddlebridge Modified Saddle bridge Keyhole Metal Bridges pad bridge Comfort bridge.
- 26. Saddle bridge Itis shaped like a saddle in a smooth curve and follows the bridge of the nose This spreads the weight of the frame evenly over the sides and crest of the nose.
- 27. Modified saddle, Modifiedsaddle, same as the saddle bridge does when viewed from the front. The difference is that there are nose pads that are part of the back of the bridge. These pads help to carry some of the weight of the frame
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- 29. Keyhole Is shapedlike an old-fashioned keyhole. At the top, the bridge flare out slightly. The bridge rests on the sides of the nose, but not on the crest
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- 31. Metal frameis equipped with a clear plastic saddle-type bridge, the bridge type is referred to as a comfort bridge. Metal frame bridge
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- 34. Plastic end piece Threetypes Butt types Mitre Turn back
- 35. Plastic Endpiece Construction (B)butt (C) turn-back (A) Mitre
- 36. Metal Endpiece Construction •Thistraditional metal endpiece has a turn-back
- 37. “wrap” endpiece Some metalend pieces are not really end pieces at all. The end piece and temple are one continuous piece of material as in this “wrap” end piece design
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- 39. TEMPLE Five majorcategories 1.Skull temples Thebent-down portion isnarrower at thetop of theear & widenstowardstheend.
- 40. Library temples An averagewidth at the butt & increases in width posteriorly. Straight – back temples.
- 41. Convertible temples 1. Varietyof temple, the temple may be easily straightened out & then re- bent to the wearer.
- 42. Riding bow 1. Usedin children’s & safety frames.
- 43. Comfort cable 1. Sameas riding bow temples 2. Metal construction behind the ear portion.
- 44. Coloration Plastic framesmay be partially classified by coloration. A solid frame is all one color. A vertically gradient frame A horizontally gradient The multitude of color combinations
- 45. ENDPIECE Plastic end piece Metalend piece
- 46. FRAME MATERIALS PlasticFrame Materials Metal Frame Materials
- 47. Plastic Frame Materials Cellulose Acetate Propionate Optyl Polycarbonate Nylon and Nylon-Based Materials Nylon Polyamide/Copolyamide Grilamid
- 48. Rubber CarbonFiber Combinations of Plastic Materials
- 49. Metal Frame Materials Nickel-Based Materials Pure Nickel Nickel Silvers Monel Metal Aluminum Stainless Steel Titanium Bronze Magnesium & Other Materials and Alloys.