Spectacles are an optical appliance comprising lenses held in a frame that extends toward the ears. The frame holds the lenses and consists of the frame front and temples. The frame front includes the rim around the lenses, the bridge over the nose, and end pieces where the temples attach. Temples hook over the ears to hold the spectacles and come in different styles like skull, riding bow, and convertible. The document provides detailed descriptions of the various parts of spectacle frames.

1. :
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2. SPECTACLE
• SPECTACLE IS AN OPTICAL APPLIANCE
COMPRISING A LENSES AND A FRAME WITH
SIDES EXTENDING TOWARDS THE EARS.
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3. 3

4. SPECTACLE
FRAME
EYE
GLASSES
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5. EYE GLASSES
• THESE OPTICAL APPLIANCE COMPRISING A
LENSES AND A FRAME HAVING NO SIDE.
• EYE GLASSES WERE USED IN THE PART AND
HAVE BEEN REPLACE IN SPECTACLE.
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6. FRAME
• THE PORTION OF SPECTACLE WHICH HOLDS THE
LENSES CONTAINING THE OPHTHALMIC
PRESCRIPTION IN THEIR PROPER POSITION IN
FRONT OF THE EYES.
• THERE ARE TWO PART IN FRAME:
• (1)FRAME FRONT
• (2)TEMPLES
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7. 7

8. FRAME
TEMPLE
FRAME
FRONT
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9. FRAME FRONT
• GUARD
ARM
• NOSE
PAD
• HINGES
RIM LUGS
BRIDGE
END
PIECE
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10. FRAME FRONTS-
RIMS
BRIDGE
JOINTS AND
LUGS
LENSES
END PIECE
HINGES
NOSE PADS
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11. RIM
• The rim going around the lenses is known as
the eyewire or rim
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12. RIM
FULL FRAME
SEMI RIMLESS
RIMLESS
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13. FULL FRAME
SEMI
RIM LESS
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14. RIM LESS(three piece)
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15. SEMIRIMLESS
SUPRA
FRAMES INFRA SUPRA
FRAMES
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16. SUPRA FRAMES
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17. INFRA SUPRA FRAMES
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18. BRIDGE
• That area of the frame front between the
lenses that rests on the nose is the bridge.
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19. REGULAR BRIDGE
INSERT BRIDGE
SADDLE BRIDGE
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20. REGULAR BRIDGE
RESTS ON NOSE WITH FULL
SUPPORT.
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21. INSERT BRIDGE
IT PROTECTS BEHIND THE FRAME
PLANE ,SO THAT THE AREA OF
CONTACT LIES BEHIND THE LENS
SPACE.
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22. SADDLE BRIDGE-
COMBINATION OF REGULAR AND
INSERT BRIDGE.
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23. OTHER
CLASSIFICATION
ACCORDING TO
MATERIAL .
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24. PLASTIC BRIDGE
SADDLE
BRIDGE
KEY HOLE
BRIDGE
MODIFIED
SADDLE
BRIDHE
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25. SADDLE BRIDGE
• The saddle bridge is shaped like a saddle in a
smooth curve and follows the bridge of the
nose.
• This spreads the weight of the frame evenly
over the sides and crest of the nose.
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27. MODIFIED SADDLE BRIDGE
• In the modified saddle, the bridge area looks
much the same as the saddle bridge does
when viewed from the Front.
• The difference is that there are nose pads that
are part of the back of the bridge.
• These pads help to carry some of the weight
of the frame.
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29. KEYHOLE BRIDGE
• The keyhole bridge is shaped like an old-
fashioned keyhole.
• At the top, the bridge flares out slightly.
• The bridge rests on the sides of the nose, but
not on the rest.
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31. METAL BRIDGE
COMFORT
METAL SADDLE
BRIDGE
PAD
BRIDGE
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32. PAD BRIDGE
• The bridge commonly used in metal frames is
the pad bridge.
• In the pad bridge, nose pads are attached to
the frame by metal pad arms.
• In this case, the pads alone support the
weight of the glasses.
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33. PAD BRIDGE
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34. COMFORT BRIDGE
• When a metal frame is equipped with a clear
plastic saddle-type bridge, the bridge type is
referred to as a comfort bridge.
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36. METAL SADDLE BRIDGE
• Metal and rimless frames were, and
sometimes still are, constructed with a metal
saddle bridge and enjoyed widespread use for
a period of history.
• It may yet appear exactly as before or
decoratively in conjunction with nose pads.
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38. HINGES
• The hinges hold the temples to the front, and
consist of an odd number of interfitting
barrels, the total number being three, five, or
seven.
• Hinges may vary in construction , but for
simplicity are usually classified by the total
number of barrels they have when assembled,
such as a three-barrel hinge.
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41. LUGS
They are projection on the sides
to which the side piece are
attached.
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42. END PIECE
• The outer areas of the frame front, to the
extreme left and right where the temples
attach, are known as the end pieces.
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44. ENDPIECE
PLASTIC METAL
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45. PLASTIC ENDPIECE
BUTT
MIRE
TURN BACK
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46. BUTT
• the front is straight and the temple butt is fl
at, and both meet at a 90-degree angle.
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47. MAKES AN ANGLE OF 90 DEGREE.
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48. MITRE
• The mitre end piece causes the frame front
contact area and temple butt to meet at a 45-
degree angle.
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49. MAKES AN ANGLE OF 45 DEGREE.
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50. TURN BACK
• In the turn-back type, the frame front bends
around and meets the temple end to end.
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51. BENDS AROUND AND MEEETS THE TEMPLE END TO END.
MOST COMMONLY USED.
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52. METAL
TURN
BACK
WRAP
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53. TURN BACK
• The traditional metal end piece has a
construction similar to the turn-back end
piece of the plastic frame.
• There are now a wide variety of metal
endpiece designs
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55. WRAP
• End pieces are also noticeable by their
absence.
• Instead of an end piece, some frame fronts
and temples are made as one continuous
piece.
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57. NOSE PADS
Mostly frame have nose pads ,
which are plastic piece that rest on
the nose to support the frame.
It also directly attached to the
frame.
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58. NOSE PAD
LOOSE
NOSE PAD FIXED NOSE
PAD
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61. 61

62. GUARD ARM
• Some frames have nose pads, which are
plastic pieces that rest on the nose to support
the frame.
• These may be directly attached to the frame
or to connecting metal pieces known as guard
arms or pad arms.
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63. Guard arm
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64. TEMPLE
• TEMPLE – THEY ATTACH TO THE
FRONT AND HOOK OVER THE
EARS TO HELP HOLD THE
SPECTACLES IN PLACE.
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65. PORTION-
BUTT
BEND
EAR
PIECE
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66. The portion of the temple that attached
to the frame front is known as the butt
portion or butt end.
The place on a temple where is first
bends down to go over the ears is called
Bend.
The portion in temple between the butt
portion and bend portion is called shank
or shaft. 66

67. The portion beyond the bend and
behind the ear is known as the ear
piece or curl.
The spring system is also pressent
in the butt portion.
Steel wire pressent in temple.
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68. TYES OF TEMPLE
SKULL LIBRARY CONVERTIBLE
RIDING BOW
COMFORT
CABLE
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69. SKULL TEMPLE
• Skull temples bend down behind the ear and
follow the contour of the skull, resting evenly
against it.
• The bent-down portion is narrower at the top
of the ear and widens toward the end.
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71. RIDING BOW TEMPLE
• Riding bow temples curve around the ear,
following the crotch of the ear where the ear
and the head
• meet and extend to the level of the earlobe.
They are sometimes used in children’s and
safety frames.
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73. LIBRARY TEMPLE
• Library temples usually begin with an average
width at the butt and increase in width
posteriorly.
• They are practically straight and hold the
glasses on primarily by pressure against the
side of the head.
• They are also known as straight-back temples.
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75. CONVERTIBLE TEMPLE
• Convertible temples were originally designed
so they could be bent down to take on the
form of skull temples, and “converted” from
the straight-back to the skull design.
• Because this temple is versatile and can be
made to fit people with a variety of temple
length requirements, it is commonly used.
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76. • However, it now comes already bent down for
a certain temple Fit.
• If the bend is in the wrong location, the
temple may be easily straightened out and
then re-bent to fit the wearer.
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78. COMFORT CABLE
• Comfort cable temples are shaped the same as
riding bow temples, but are of metal
construction with the curl, or behind the ear
portion, constructed from a flexible coiled
cable.
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