Fracture of distal radius
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The document describes several classification systems for femoral fractures:
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3) Complications can include injury to the radial nerve and non-union of the bone fragments, so careful assessment of nerve function is important both before and after treatment.
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Distal radius fracture
Distal radius fractures account for up to 20% of emergency department fractures. They typically result from a fall on an outstretched hand. Diagnosis involves history of injury mechanism and physical exam finding of wrist deformity and pain with movement. Classification systems help understand fracture patterns and challenges. Treatment depends on factors like stability, alignment, comminution and patient age/demands. Options include closed reduction with casting, percutaneous pinning, external fixation, plating, and open reduction with internal fixation. Complications can include arthritis, loss of motion, nerve issues, contractures and nonunion.
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Forearm fractures
The document discusses the anatomy and classification of forearm fractures. It describes the radius and ulna bones of the forearm and their articulations. Forearm fractures can be classified as proximal, middle, or distal, and can affect one or both bones. Common types include radial shaft fractures, Galeazzi fractures, and Monteggia's fractures. Assessment involves neurovascular and range of motion exams. Treatment depends on the fracture type but may include immobilization, closed reduction, open reduction and internal fixation, or external fixation.
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Galeazzi fracture-dislocation is a fracture of the distal or middle third of the radius shaft combined with dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint. It most often occurs in males due to indirect trauma from a fall on an outstretched hand with rotation. Radiographs show the radial fracture and dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint. Treatment involves open reduction and internal fixation of the radial fracture with a plate while restoring length and stability of the distal radioulnar joint. The forearm is then immobilized in supination for 4-6 weeks to heal.
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Cubitus varus, or gunstock deformity, is caused by malunion of supracondylar fractures and results in the forearm being deviated inward at the elbow with loss of the carrying angle. It is a triplanar deformity involving varus, hyperextension, and internal rotation. Treatment options include observation for young children, hemiepiphysiodesis to alter growth, and corrective osteotomy. The lateral closing wedge osteotomy is commonly used to safely correct the varus deformity through removal of a lateral wedge. Other techniques include medial opening wedge, oblique, dome, and step-cut osteotomies. Postoperative management focuses on immobilizing the arm in extension
Principles of fracture fixation
The principles of fracture fixation aim to ensure fractures heal properly and patients return to normal function. They include:
1) Restoring anatomical relationships through fracture reduction to realign displaced bone fragments.
2) Providing absolute or relative stability through fixation methods like plates or external fixators to hold the reduction.
3) Preserving blood supply by minimizing soft tissue and bone trauma during reduction and fixation to support healing.
4) Allowing early and safe mobilization through exercise to promote healing and prevent complications while the fracture mends.
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This document discusses injuries of the forearm, specifically Colles' and Smith's fractures. Colles' fracture involves a break just above the wrist and sometimes dislocation of the inferior radioulnar joint. It most commonly occurs in elderly women after falls. Smith's fracture is a reverse of Colles' fracture, with the distal radius displaced forwards. Both fractures are usually treated initially with closed reduction and immobilization in a cast, while operative fixation may be used for unstable or complicated cases. Complications can include malunion, nerve damage, and nonunion if not properly treated.
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Smith fractures are fractures of the distal radius where the distal fragment is displaced anteriorly, opposite to a Colles' fracture. They account for less than 3% of radius fractures and occur most commonly in young males and elderly females. Smith fractures can be extra-articular, intra-articular, or a fracture-dislocation. Patients present with wrist injury and a 'garden spade' deformity rather than the 'dinner fork' deformity of a Colles' fracture. X-rays show the distal fragment displaced anteriorly. Treatment involves closed reduction, casting, and possible fixation for unstable fractures.
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This document provides information on Monteggia fracture-dislocations, including:
- Classification into 4 main types based on the direction of the ulnar fracture and radial dislocation. Type 1 is the most common.
- Description of injury mechanisms, radiographic evaluation, treatment approaches including closed or open reduction of fractures and dislocations, and casting.
- Complications like neglected fractures and nerve injuries. Variations like Monteggia equivalents and revisions to the classification system are also discussed. Surgical techniques for addressing chronic cases, like annular ligament reconstruction and ulnar osteotomies, are covered.
Kienbock disease
Kienbock disease is avascular necrosis of the lunate bone in the wrist that results from disrupted blood flow. It progresses through stages from isolated lunate involvement to fragmentation and collapse. Treatment aims to decompress and revascularize the lunate early on through osteotomies or tendon transfers, while later stages involve procedures like proximal row carpectomy or fusion to stabilize the wrist joint and prevent further degeneration. However, there is no single treatment that reliably achieves pain relief and preservation of function as the disease progresses.
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Dr. Ankur Mittal presented on diagnostic tests and imaging for Achilles tendon injuries. [1] Ultrasound is often used to determine tendon thickness and gap size for complete ruptures and is inexpensive and fast. [2] MRI is better for detecting incomplete tears and planning surgery for chronic tears but is more expensive. [3] Imaging is rarely needed for acute cases but can help with chronic cases for diagnosis and surgical planning.
Tibial plateau fractures
This document provides information on tibial plateau fractures, including:
- The tibial plateau is the proximal end of the tibia including the articular surfaces.
- Tibial plateau fractures most often involve the lateral plateau and are commonly associated with soft tissue injuries.
- Surgical treatment aims to restore the joint surface and provide stability to allow early mobilization.
- Surgical approaches include anterolateral, posteromedial, and anterior. Fixation methods include plates, screws, and external fixators.
- Arthroscopic techniques are increasingly used to directly visualize and treat the articular surface with minimal soft tissue disruption.
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Distal radius fractures can be extra-articular or intra-articular. They are commonly classified based on location, configuration, displacement, involvement of the ulna, and stability. Treatment depends on factors like age, fracture pattern, and degree of displacement. Options include closed reduction with casting or surgical fixation to restore anatomy and allow early mobility. Complications can include malunion, arthritis, and nerve injuries if not properly treated.
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The document summarizes information about clavicle fractures, including their epidemiology, anatomy, mechanisms of injury, classification systems, treatment options, and evidence for management approaches. Specifically, it finds that:
1) Clavicle fractures are among the most common fractures and midshaft fractures account for 69-80% of cases.
2) They are often caused by a direct blow to the shoulder and result in characteristic deformities from surrounding muscle and ligament forces.
3) Nonoperative treatment is usually indicated for nondisplaced fractures but recent evidence shows displaced or shortened fractures have higher risks of poor outcomes like pain, weakness and nonunion.
Distal radius fracture
Distal radius fractures account for up to 20% of emergency department fractures. They typically result from a fall on an outstretched hand. Diagnosis involves history of injury mechanism and physical exam finding of wrist deformity and pain with movement. Classification systems help understand fracture patterns and challenges. Treatment depends on factors like stability, alignment, comminution and patient age/demands. Options include closed reduction with casting, percutaneous pinning, external fixation, plating, and open reduction with internal fixation. Complications can include arthritis, loss of motion, nerve issues, contractures and nonunion.
Three column fixation for complex PROXIMAL TIBIA FRACTURES
This study introduces a "three-column fixation" concept for treating complex tibial plateau fractures (Schatzker Types V and VI) based on computed tomography scans. The study evaluates clinical outcomes in 29 patients treated with this column-specific fixation technique. At 2-year follow up, patients had good functional outcomes with SF-36, HSS, and lower extremity measure scores averaging 89, 90, and 87 respectively. Radiographic measurements also showed well-maintained alignment without significant malreduction. The study concludes that three-column fixation is an effective and safe method for multiplanar complex tibial plateau fractures.
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Taiz University,faculty of medicine and health sciences
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Fracture of the distal radius
This document discusses fractures of the distal radius, including Colles' fractures (transverse fractures with dorsal displacement), Smith's fractures (volar displacement), and Barton's fractures (dorsal or volar rim avulsions). Treatment depends on the fracture type and degree of displacement/fragmentation. Displaced fractures may be reduced manually or surgically with K-wires, plates, or external fixation. Outcomes depend on restoring length, alignment, and congruity while allowing early motion. Complications include malunion, nonunion, instability, and arthritis.
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Fractures of the upper extremity are described, including the clavicle, scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, carpals and metacarpals. Treatment depends on the specific bone and location of the fracture. Most common fractures like clavicle and humerus can be treated conservatively with slings or plates/screws for displaced fractures. More complex fractures involving joints often require open reduction and internal fixation to restore anatomy. Complications include nonunion, malunion, nerve palsies and joint stiffness.
Distal radius fractures
Distal radius fractures are the most common fractures seen in orthopaedic trauma. They typically occur due to falls in older populations and can be classified based on the degree of articular involvement and instability. Treatment depends on fracture pattern but generally involves closed reduction and casting for non-displaced fractures, while more displaced or unstable fractures may require operative fixation to restore anatomy and maximize function. Rehabilitation focuses on early range of motion exercises and recovery of grip strength.
Forearm fractures
The document discusses the anatomy and classification of forearm fractures. It describes the radius and ulna bones of the forearm and their articulations. Forearm fractures can be classified as proximal, middle, or distal, and can affect one or both bones. Common types include radial shaft fractures, Galeazzi fractures, and Monteggia's fractures. Assessment involves neurovascular and range of motion exams. Treatment depends on the fracture type but may include immobilization, closed reduction, open reduction and internal fixation, or external fixation.
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This document discusses different types of bone plates and screws used for internal fixation of fractures. It describes the principles of plates, including dynamic compression plates (DCP), locking compression plates (LCP), and buttress, tension band and neutralization plates. It provides details on plate design evolution, properties, applications and surgical principles. Screw features and types including heads, shafts, threads and tips are also outlined. Compression techniques and factors to consider for number of screws and plate removal timing are summarized.
Galeazzi fracture dislocation
Galeazzi fracture-dislocation is a fracture of the distal or middle third of the radius shaft combined with dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint. It most often occurs in males due to indirect trauma from a fall on an outstretched hand with rotation. Radiographs show the radial fracture and dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint. Treatment involves open reduction and internal fixation of the radial fracture with a plate while restoring length and stability of the distal radioulnar joint. The forearm is then immobilized in supination for 4-6 weeks to heal.
Cubitus varus deformity
Cubitus varus, or gunstock deformity, is caused by malunion of supracondylar fractures and results in the forearm being deviated inward at the elbow with loss of the carrying angle. It is a triplanar deformity involving varus, hyperextension, and internal rotation. Treatment options include observation for young children, hemiepiphysiodesis to alter growth, and corrective osteotomy. The lateral closing wedge osteotomy is commonly used to safely correct the varus deformity through removal of a lateral wedge. Other techniques include medial opening wedge, oblique, dome, and step-cut osteotomies. Postoperative management focuses on immobilizing the arm in extension
Principles of fracture fixation
The principles of fracture fixation aim to ensure fractures heal properly and patients return to normal function. They include:
1) Restoring anatomical relationships through fracture reduction to realign displaced bone fragments.
2) Providing absolute or relative stability through fixation methods like plates or external fixators to hold the reduction.
3) Preserving blood supply by minimizing soft tissue and bone trauma during reduction and fixation to support healing.
4) Allowing early and safe mobilization through exercise to promote healing and prevent complications while the fracture mends.
Colle`s and smith`s fracture
This document discusses injuries of the forearm, specifically Colles' and Smith's fractures. Colles' fracture involves a break just above the wrist and sometimes dislocation of the inferior radioulnar joint. It most commonly occurs in elderly women after falls. Smith's fracture is a reverse of Colles' fracture, with the distal radius displaced forwards. Both fractures are usually treated initially with closed reduction and immobilization in a cast, while operative fixation may be used for unstable or complicated cases. Complications can include malunion, nerve damage, and nonunion if not properly treated.
smith fractures
Smith fractures are fractures of the distal radius where the distal fragment is displaced anteriorly, opposite to a Colles' fracture. They account for less than 3% of radius fractures and occur most commonly in young males and elderly females. Smith fractures can be extra-articular, intra-articular, or a fracture-dislocation. Patients present with wrist injury and a 'garden spade' deformity rather than the 'dinner fork' deformity of a Colles' fracture. X-rays show the distal fragment displaced anteriorly. Treatment involves closed reduction, casting, and possible fixation for unstable fractures.
Osteotomy around elbow
Osteotomy around the elbow is commonly performed to correct cubitus varus and cubitus valgus deformities. For cubitus varus, the most common cause is a malunited supracondylar fracture. Surgical options include lateral closing wedge osteotomy, oblique osteotomy with derotation, and medial opening wedge osteotomy with bone grafting. For cubitus valgus, causes include nonunion of a lateral condyle fracture. Surgical options are a closing wedge medial osteotomy or opening wedge lateral osteotomy. Complications of elbow osteotomy can include stiffness, persistent deformity, myositis ossificans, loss of fixation, and neurovascular injury.
Monteggia
This document provides information on Monteggia fracture-dislocations, including:
- Classification into 4 main types based on the direction of the ulnar fracture and radial dislocation. Type 1 is the most common.
- Description of injury mechanisms, radiographic evaluation, treatment approaches including closed or open reduction of fractures and dislocations, and casting.
- Complications like neglected fractures and nerve injuries. Variations like Monteggia equivalents and revisions to the classification system are also discussed. Surgical techniques for addressing chronic cases, like annular ligament reconstruction and ulnar osteotomies, are covered.
Kienbock disease
Kienbock disease is avascular necrosis of the lunate bone in the wrist that results from disrupted blood flow. It progresses through stages from isolated lunate involvement to fragmentation and collapse. Treatment aims to decompress and revascularize the lunate early on through osteotomies or tendon transfers, while later stages involve procedures like proximal row carpectomy or fusion to stabilize the wrist joint and prevent further degeneration. However, there is no single treatment that reliably achieves pain relief and preservation of function as the disease progresses.
Management of TendoAchillis rupture
Dr. Ankur Mittal presented on diagnostic tests and imaging for Achilles tendon injuries. [1] Ultrasound is often used to determine tendon thickness and gap size for complete ruptures and is inexpensive and fast. [2] MRI is better for detecting incomplete tears and planning surgery for chronic tears but is more expensive. [3] Imaging is rarely needed for acute cases but can help with chronic cases for diagnosis and surgical planning.
Tibial plateau fractures
This document provides information on tibial plateau fractures, including:
- The tibial plateau is the proximal end of the tibia including the articular surfaces.
- Tibial plateau fractures most often involve the lateral plateau and are commonly associated with soft tissue injuries.
- Surgical treatment aims to restore the joint surface and provide stability to allow early mobilization.
- Surgical approaches include anterolateral, posteromedial, and anterior. Fixation methods include plates, screws, and external fixators.
- Arthroscopic techniques are increasingly used to directly visualize and treat the articular surface with minimal soft tissue disruption.
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Distal radius fractures can be extra-articular or intra-articular. They are commonly classified based on location, configuration, displacement, involvement of the ulna, and stability. Treatment depends on factors like age, fracture pattern, and degree of displacement. Options include closed reduction with casting or surgical fixation to restore anatomy and allow early mobility. Complications can include malunion, arthritis, and nerve injuries if not properly treated.
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This document discusses distal radius fractures, providing details on:
- Epidemiology, including three main peaks of fracture distribution among different age groups.
- Classification systems including Gartland & Werley and AO/OTA.
- Treatment options including casting, percutaneous pinning, plating techniques, external fixation.
- Surgical indications such as intra-articular displacement, comminution, open fractures.
- Goals of treatment which are to preserve function, realign anatomy and promote healing.
Distal end radius fracture
The document discusses fractures of the distal radius. It begins with an introduction stating that distal radius fractures represent about one sixth of all fractures and occur most commonly in children aged 5-14, males under 50, and females over 40. It then discusses the anatomy of the distal radius and surrounding ligaments. The document covers various classification systems for distal radius fractures and describes some specific fracture types like Colles fractures and Barton's fractures. It concludes with discussing clinical features like symptoms of pain and deformity following trauma to the wrist.
Distal radius
1) The document provides an overview of distal radius fractures, including classification systems, treatment algorithms, and surgical procedures.
2) Key points include that distal radius fractures are the most common fractures, with a spectrum ranging from simple to complex fractures. Treatment depends on factors like displacement and stability.
3) Surgical techniques discussed include percutaneous pinning, external fixation, limited open reduction with internal fixation using plates, screws, or bone grafts. The choice of technique depends on the fracture pattern and stability.
Dr. yt reddy distal radius fractures modified
This document discusses distal radius fractures, including their history, anatomy, classification, diagnosis, and treatment options. It provides an overview of the key aspects of distal radius fractures such as their incidence, mechanisms of injury, radiographic assessment criteria, and various treatment approaches including casting, percutaneous pinning, external fixation, and internal fixation."
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Final final madhu sir
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elbow and wrist and hand fracture with management
describing anatomy of the wrist and hand ..
what is fracture
mechanism of injury of all the fracture
classification of fracture
clinical features
radiologicals exminations
management of the fracture
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9. Forearm lower end fractures
Dear all,
This ppt contains the cause, types, clinical and radiological features, treatment and complication of Colles' fracture, Barton's fracture and Smith's fracture. I hope this is useful to you.
Thank you
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Trauma 3
midface fracture
lefort fracture
zygomatic fracture
orbital floor fracture
naso-orbital-ethmoid complex fracture
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Fracture of distal radius
- 1. FRACTURE OF DISTAL RADIUS NUR HANISAH BINTI ZAINOREN
- 2. ANATOMY
- 3. TYPES 1. COLLES’ FRACTURE 2. SMITH’S FRACTURE 3. BARTON’S FRACTURE
- 4. COLLES’ FRACTURE • Fracture at the distal end of the radius, at its cortico-cancellous junction, with dorsal tilt and other displacements, in an osteoporotic bone
- 5. Other displacements (1/> displacements below occur in majority of the cases; although in few cases it may be crack fracture without displacement) oImpaction of fragments oDorsal displacement oDorsal tilt oLateral displacement oLateral tilt oSupination
- 6. Injuries associated with Colles’ fracture: oFracture of the styloid process of the ulna oRupture of the ulnar collateral ligament oRupture of the triangular cartilage of the ulna oRupture of the interosseous radio-ulnar ligament, causing radioulnar subluxation
- 7. Clinical features: oPain oSwelling oDeformity of the wrist oOn examination; Tenderness Irregularity of the lower end of radius Radiological features: (Differentiated from other fractures at the same site by looking at the displacements) oDorsal tilt can be detected on a lateral X-ray: normal faces ventrally dorsal tilt faces dorsally or becomes neutral oLateral tilt can be detected on an AP X-ray: normal faces medially lateral tilt faces laterally or becomes horizontal
- 9. Treatment: oUndisplaced fracture immobilization in a below-elbow plaster cast for 6 weeks oDisplaced fracture manipulative reduction followed by immobilization in Colles’ cast
- 10. Complications: 1. Stiffness of joints 2. Malunion 3. Subluxation of the inferior radio-ulnar joint 4. Carpal tunnel syndrome 5. Sudeck’s osteodystrophy 6. Rupture of the extensor pollicis longus tendon
- 13. SMITH’S FRACTURE • Fracture at the distal end of the radius, at its cortico-cancellous junction, with ventral tilt and other displacements • Uncommon • Treatment: • Closed reduction • Plaster cast immobilization (6 weeks)
- 16. BARTON’S FRACTURE • Intra-articular fracture of the distal radius • Extends from the articular surface of the radius to either its anterior/posterior cortices • The small distal fragments gets displaced and carries with it, the carpals
- 17. • Displacements: • Volar Barton’s fracture (anterior type) • Dorsal Barton’s fracture (posterior type) • Treatment: • Closed manipulation • ORIF with plate in cases where closed reduction fails
- 18. REFERENCE • Essential Orthopaedics, 4th Edition, Maheshwari & Mhaskar, JAYPEE
- 19. Thank you