Michel Foucault was a highly influential 20th century French philosopher and historian known for his analyses of discourse, knowledge, truth and power. Some of his major works examined the history of systems like madness, medicine and punishment. A key aspect of his project was using genealogical methods inspired by Nietzsche to uncover how power operates through discourse and the production of truth. In his work Discipline and Punish, Foucault analyzed how power has shifted from sovereign forms focused on the body to more subtle disciplinary power operating through surveillance, normalization and self-regulation.