This document provides brief biographies of influential thinkers Sigmund Freud, Jacques Derrida, Michel Foucault, Mikhail Bakhtin, Friedrich Nietzsche, and Karl Marx. It outlines some of their major works and key terms and concepts they developed, including Freud's theories of the unconscious and dream interpretation, Derrida's deconstruction, Foucault's concepts of discipline and biopower, Bakhtin's ideas of dialogism and carnivalesque, Nietzsche's ideas of the overman and herd instinct, and Marx's theories of class struggle and capitalism.