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Judith Butler is an American philosopher known for her work in feminism, queer theory, and political theory. Some of her major works examine gender and sexuality, challenging essentialist views. In Gender Trouble, she argues that gender is a social construct and performative, rather than determined by sex or biology. She asserts that there is no innate gender identity and that gender is formed through citational acts over time. Butler seeks to deconstruct notions of fixed gender and sexuality, viewing them as cultural rather than natural categories.
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Gender performativity
Judith Butler is an influential philosopher and gender theorist known for her books Gender Trouble and Bodies That Matter. In these works, she challenges conventional notions of stable gender identities and develops her theory of gender performativity, which argues that gender is not determined biologically but is rather constructed through repeated performances over time. The document then discusses Arya Stark from Game of Thrones as an example that rejects traditional feminine roles and pursuits, preferring masculine activities like combat instead. It also contrasts Arya with her sister Sansa, who embraces conventional femininity. Finally, it analyzes Virginia Woolf's Orlando and how the character inhabits both masculine and feminine traits, questioning why certain characteristics are viewed as exclusively
Butler
Judith Butler is an American philosopher known for her work in feminism, queer theory, and political theory. Some of her major works examine gender and identity, challenging traditional understandings. She argues that gender is performative and constructed through repetitive acts rather than being a stable and innate property. Butler also questions the categorization of "woman" and deconstructs notions of a fixed biological sex or natural body.
Judith Butler
Judith Butler is a theorist of power, gender, sexuality and identity who is a professor at UC Berkeley. In her influential book Gender Trouble, she argued that feminism reinforced a binary view of gender that limited choices. She suggested gender should be seen as fluid and changing based on context, rather than fixed, and that it is performed rather than expressing an inner essence. This perspective has implications for how gender is represented in media, which can disseminate alternative images and influence norms through symbols.
Judith butler powerpoint.pptx 2
In Judith Butler's 1990 work Gender Trouble, she argues that gender is a social construct rather than a biological fact. She asserts that gender is performative through repeated acts over time, creating an illusion of a fixed gender identity. Butler also contends that feminism should question how the category of "women" is produced and constrained by the very power structures it seeks to dismantle. She concludes by arguing against taking traditional views of gender at face value.
Queer Theory
Queer Theory emphasizes radical differences from social norms and views social structures as the root of human oppression. It focuses on critiquing social boundaries and the mechanisms that enforce them. Historically centered on sexuality studies, Queer Theory also addresses other issues and is critical of anything mainstream. While marriage equality seems radical to some, Queer approaches tend to oppose gay marriage as too traditional and conforming to social control. Queer Theory draws from both academic social science and political activism that challenges traditions and institutions. It overlaps with but also differs from feminism and racial theory by questioning the validity of gender and racial categories.
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Meaning of Queer,
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Queer theory as part of study,
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Various example of Queer like marriage,
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Queer theory
Queer theory challenges the idea of categorizing people based on lifestyle choices and seeks to understand sexual differences among all people. It addresses issues beyond just sexuality, encouraging people to question their own identities and examine literature through a new critical lens. A key theorist, Judith Butler, suggested in her influential book "Gender Trouble" that gender is socially constructed rather than the result of nature.
Queer theory
Queer theory emerged from gay and lesbian studies in the early 1990s. It challenges traditional assumptions that sexuality fits into binary categories of heterosexual or homosexual. Queer theory asserts that all sexual behaviors and identities are socially constructed rather than innate. It critiques the normalization of heterosexuality and the labeling of other sexualities as deviant. Queer theory questions the idea that gender and sexuality are fixed, arguing instead that they are fluid and performative in nature.
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Gender performativity
Judith Butler is an influential philosopher and gender theorist known for her books Gender Trouble and Bodies That Matter. In these works, she challenges conventional notions of stable gender identities and develops her theory of gender performativity, which argues that gender is not determined biologically but is rather constructed through repeated performances over time. The document then discusses Arya Stark from Game of Thrones as an example that rejects traditional feminine roles and pursuits, preferring masculine activities like combat instead. It also contrasts Arya with her sister Sansa, who embraces conventional femininity. Finally, it analyzes Virginia Woolf's Orlando and how the character inhabits both masculine and feminine traits, questioning why certain characteristics are viewed as exclusively
Butler
Judith Butler is an American philosopher known for her work in feminism, queer theory, and political theory. Some of her major works examine gender and identity, challenging traditional understandings. She argues that gender is performative and constructed through repetitive acts rather than being a stable and innate property. Butler also questions the categorization of "woman" and deconstructs notions of a fixed biological sex or natural body.
Judith Butler
Judith Butler is a theorist of power, gender, sexuality and identity who is a professor at UC Berkeley. In her influential book Gender Trouble, she argued that feminism reinforced a binary view of gender that limited choices. She suggested gender should be seen as fluid and changing based on context, rather than fixed, and that it is performed rather than expressing an inner essence. This perspective has implications for how gender is represented in media, which can disseminate alternative images and influence norms through symbols.
Judith butler powerpoint.pptx 2
In Judith Butler's 1990 work Gender Trouble, she argues that gender is a social construct rather than a biological fact. She asserts that gender is performative through repeated acts over time, creating an illusion of a fixed gender identity. Butler also contends that feminism should question how the category of "women" is produced and constrained by the very power structures it seeks to dismantle. She concludes by arguing against taking traditional views of gender at face value.
Queer Theory
Queer Theory emphasizes radical differences from social norms and views social structures as the root of human oppression. It focuses on critiquing social boundaries and the mechanisms that enforce them. Historically centered on sexuality studies, Queer Theory also addresses other issues and is critical of anything mainstream. While marriage equality seems radical to some, Queer approaches tend to oppose gay marriage as too traditional and conforming to social control. Queer Theory draws from both academic social science and political activism that challenges traditions and institutions. It overlaps with but also differs from feminism and racial theory by questioning the validity of gender and racial categories.
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Queer theory
Queer theory challenges the idea of categorizing people based on lifestyle choices and seeks to understand sexual differences among all people. It addresses issues beyond just sexuality, encouraging people to question their own identities and examine literature through a new critical lens. A key theorist, Judith Butler, suggested in her influential book "Gender Trouble" that gender is socially constructed rather than the result of nature.
Queer theory
Queer theory emerged from gay and lesbian studies in the early 1990s. It challenges traditional assumptions that sexuality fits into binary categories of heterosexual or homosexual. Queer theory asserts that all sexual behaviors and identities are socially constructed rather than innate. It critiques the normalization of heterosexuality and the labeling of other sexualities as deviant. Queer theory questions the idea that gender and sexuality are fixed, arguing instead that they are fluid and performative in nature.
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Judith Butler is an influential American philosopher and gender theorist. She earned her PhD from Yale University in 1984 and is currently a professor at UC Berkeley. Butler is known for her work on gender performativity and queer theory. She argues that gender is a social construct rather than a biological fact, and is performed through repetitive acts over time. Her books Gender Trouble and Bodies That Matter were influential in establishing these ideas.
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Simone de Beauvoir's seminal work The Second Sex argues that women have historically been viewed as the "other" sex, defined in relation to men as the primary sex. Beauvoir rejects the notion of an essential female nature, arguing that one is not born but rather becomes a woman. While acknowledging biological differences, she emphasizes that gender is determined by social, historical and cultural forces that have traditionally restricted women's freedom and relegated them to the domestic sphere. The Second Sex helped launch second-wave feminism and its call for women to define themselves and transcend the immanence imposed on them by patriarchal societies that view women primarily as wives and mothers.
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Sex refers to biological characteristics, gender refers to cultural understandings of masculinity and femininity, and sexuality refers to how we understand ourselves as sexual beings. While most societies demonstrate some degree of patriarchy where men dominate socially and have more authority than women, truly matriarchal societies where women hold more power are not considered to exist by most anthropologists. Anthropologist Margaret Mead observed that in nearly all societies, men's work was valued more highly than women's work, regardless of the type of work performed.
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Judith Butler is an influential American philosopher and gender theorist. She earned her PhD from Yale University in 1984 and is currently a professor at UC Berkeley. Butler is known for her work on gender performativity and queer theory. She argues that gender is a social construct rather than a biological fact, and is performed through repetitive acts over time. Her books Gender Trouble and Bodies That Matter were influential in establishing these ideas.
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Introduction to the second sex notes.pdf
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Gender representation_Academic theories
This document summarizes key concepts from several feminist theorists regarding gender representation:
1) Liesbet van Zoonen argues that gender is socially constructed and represented differently in media, often objectifying women. She disagrees that technology inherently empowers women.
2) Bell hooks introduced intersectionality - how gender, race, class intersect to create systems of oppression dominant in media representations. She advocates an "oppositional gaze" for black audiences.
3) Judith Butler's gender performativity theory holds that gender is created through the repetitive performance of gender roles, not an essential identity. This creates "gender trouble" for those outside heterosexual norms.
Gender representation
- Judith Butler's theory of gender performativity argues that gender is not a stable identity, but something that is constantly created and reinforced through our performances of gender roles (1 sentence).
- Butler asserts that gender is a fluid variable that shifts depending on context, rather than a fixed attribute, and that there is no gender identity behind expressions of gender - identity is performatively constituted through expressions of gender (1 sentence).
- Evidence that supports Butler's theory includes examples of representations that reinforce repetitive gender performances as well as news that challenges or "queers" typical gender norms (1 sentence).
Media theory presentation
Judith Butler argues that gender is performative rather than innate. Gender is constituted through expressions rather than expressing a pre-existing identity. Butler seeks to disrupt the notion that sex determines gender or gender determines sexuality. Laura Mulvey's male gaze theory describes how women are objectified for the visual pleasure of men in film. Angela McRobbie discusses how the media influences gender roles and sexuality. Queer theory aims to disrupt social categories around sexuality. Stuart Hall argues that race is a social construct and racism is expressed through language and discourse. Dick Hebdige examines how youth subcultures express resistance but are often commercialized and co-opted by the mainstream.
Media thingy
This document summarizes several key theorists in representation of gender, sexuality, race, and subcultures:
- Judith Butler argues that gender is performative rather than innate, and is constituted through expressions rather than reflecting a stable identity.
- Laura Mulvey introduced the concept of the "male gaze" where women are objectified for visual pleasure in film.
- Angela McRobbie and David Gauntlett discuss how media influences concepts of gender and sexuality, and young women's rejection of early feminist frameworks.
- Stuart Hall and Edward Said analyzed how race is socially constructed through "Orientalism" and "discursive racism" that distorts non-Western cultures.
-
HTMW Trading Game RubricPaper Use APA format but will not grade
HTMW Trading Game Rubric
Paper Use APA format but will not grade on that
Due end Friday 10th September 2021. Midnight
Part 2 – Final Report 15%
Report to summarize your trades during the term
Q.1. 20% What were your trades? How much cash did you keep and why?
Q.2. 30% Why did you do them? Summary of weekly HTMW Forum Posts
Q.3. 30% What theories are applicable to your portfolio?
· CAPM?
· Beta?
· DDM?
· Bond Pricing?
· Pricing of Options Puts, Calls, Futures?
Q.4. 20% Application of theory
· Calculate CAPM
· Calculate Beta
· Other Calcs
NOTE:
Answer the above questions by using the below table.
Company names
PURCHASED Stocks
Week1
Canada Tire Corp (CTC)
3 stocks
Week2
Bank Nova Scotia (BNS)
10 stocks
Week 3
Cornerstone Building Brands Inc(CNR)
10 stocks
Week 4
TESLA (TSLA)
Dollarama (DOL)
2 stocks
10 stocks
Week 5
Shopify Inc (SHOP)
2 stocks
Week 6
AT&T Inc (T)
20 stocks
Week 7
Parkland (PKI)
20 stocks
Week 8
Alphabet (Goog)
5 stocks
Week 9
Walmart (WMT)
20 stocks
Week 10
Facebook (FB)
50 stocks
Cash
Initial Cash
C$100,000.00
Cash Balance
C$86,439.76
Short Proceeds
C$0.00
Loan Balance
C$0.00
Interest Earned on Cash
C$435.69
Interest Charged on Loan
C$0.00
Restricted Funds
C$42,657.95
Buying Power
Buying Power
C$186,906.25
Trades Made
11
Trades Allowed
2489
Market Value
Market value of Long Positions
C$14,026.73
Market value of Short Positions
C$0.00
Net Market Value of all Positions
C$14,026.73
Portfolio
Portfolio Value
C$100,447.74
Percentage Return
0.45%
SPY ETF % Return
4.10%
SPY ETF at start date
C$432.93
Current SPY ETF
C$451.46
Charges/Dividends
Total Commission
C$220.00
Total Dividends
C$0.00
Judith Butler and Performativity for Beginners (mostly in her own words)
Summary replicated from ucsc.edu
1. A central concept of the theory is that your gender is constructed through your own repetitive performance of gender. This is related to the idea that discourse creates subject positions for your self to occupy—linguistic structures construct the self. The structure or discourse of gender for Butler, however, is bodily and nonverbal. Butler’s theory does not accept stable and coherent gender identity. Gender is “a stylized repetition of acts . . . which are internally discontinuous . . .[so that] the appearance of substance is precisely that, a constructed identity, a performative accomplishment which the mundane social audience, including the actors themselves, come to believe and to perform in the mode of belief” (Gender Trouble). To say that gender is performative is to argue that gender is “real only to the extent that it is performed” (Gender Trouble).
2. There is no self preceding or outside a gendered self. Butler writes, “ . . . if gender is constructed, it is not necessarily constructed by an ‘I’ or a ‘we’ who stands before that construction in any spatial or temporal sense of ‘before.’ Indeed, it is unclear that there can be an ‘I’ or a “we” who had not been submitted, subjected to gender, where gendering is, among o ...
17 and 18. foucault, parts 1 & 2
Michel Foucault was a 20th century French philosopher known for his works analyzing the relationship between power and knowledge and how they are deployed in society. Some of his major works examined how concepts like madness, medicine, and sexuality are socially constructed. In his work The History of Sexuality, Foucault argued that sexuality became a central part of personal identity in modern Western societies as it became medically categorized and regulated through various institutions seeking to define normalcy and deviance. He analyzed how power operates through subtle controls and surveillance rather than direct force, using the metaphor of the panopticon prison to represent modern disciplinary society.
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This document discusses the concept of gender as a social construction and how it is mediated and maintained through various institutions like family, school, and media. It introduces key thinkers like Judith Butler who viewed gender as a performative act, consisting of repeated stylizations of the body that appear natural over time but are socially constructed. Examples are given of how media represents gender through commercials and how drag performances can draw attention to the performative nature of gender by exaggerating gendered signs and gestures.
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20. butler
- 1. Butler HTH 1002 History of Thought II Kara Heitz
- 2. Judith Butler (1956-present) • American philosopher • Feminism, queer theory, political theory, literary studies, and queer politics • Major works: • Gender Trouble: Feminism & the Subversion of Identity (1990) • Bodies That Matter: On the Discursive Limits of “Sex” (1993) • Excitable Speech: A Politics of the Performative (1997) • Precarious Life: The Powers of Mourning and Violence (2004) • Giving an Account of Oneself (2005) • Frames of War: When is Life Grievable? (2009) • Parting Ways: Jewishness & the Critique of Zionism (2012) • Influenced by Foucault’s The History of Sexuality
- 3. Gender Trouble • “… it is no longer clear that feminist theory ought to try to settle the questions of primary identity in order to get on what the task of politics.” • Destabilizing the category of “woman” • The gendered body “has no ontological status apart from the various acts which constitute its reality.” • Gender as performative • Performance v. Performativity • JL Austin: performative speech acts • Citational repetitions, speech acts
- 4. Gender Trouble "One is not simply a body, but, in some very key sense, one does one's body and, indeed, one does one's body differently from one's contemporaries and from one's embodied predecessors and successors as well." • Deconstructing “sex” and “bodies” • What is “the female body”? The “natural” body? • Can we divorce “sex” from culture? • Nature/Culture dichotomy • Deconstructing Essentialist Identity • Foucault: “How/what you sexually desire” seen as central part of our essence • Foucault & Butler: no innate identity (for both sexuality and gender)
- 5. Disrupting Gender? • Resisting gender norms in daily life • Performative NOT performance • Do we have radical freedom to “perform” gender as we choose? . . . [treating] gender deliberately, as if it’s an object out there, when my whole point was that the very formation of subjects, the very formation of persons, presupposes gender in a certain way—that gender is not to be chosen and that ‘performativity’ is not radical choice and its not voluntarism . . . Performativity has to do with repetition, very often the repetition of oppressive and painful gender norms . . . This is not freedom, but a question of how to work the trap that one is inevitably in.” • Resistance through cultural production • Politics of drag • Contemporary art