Formulation Process of Ready to Serve Beverage made from fresh oranges.
The document varies from formulation to the recipe of beverage as well as its nutritional benefits and health impacts upon consumption.
Freezing is a key step in ice cream production that incorporates air into the mix to give it a light, creamy texture. There are two main types of freezers - batch and continuous. Batch freezers freeze individual batches while continuous freezers continuously feed and freeze the mix. Both utilize a freezing cylinder and dasher to freeze and incorporate air into the mix, though continuous freezers operate under pressure. Proper freezing results in small ice crystals that give ice cream a smooth body and texture.
Primary and minimal processing of fruits and vegetablesrani mamatha
primary processing and minimal processing of fruits and vegetables. (grading, sorting, cleaning, washing, peeling, minimal processing).
minimal processing flow chart , types of sorting, grading.
types of peeling.
blanching, types of blanching.
bio control agent, browning agent.
Tomatoes grown in winter have higher quality and are processed into products like juice, puree, paste, sauce and ketchup to avoid losses during peak seasons. Processing involves selecting fully ripe tomatoes, washing, sorting, cutting, heating and pulping them before adding other ingredients like salt, sugar and spices. The mixture is then filled into bottles or cans, sterilized and stored. Problems like black neck formation in bottles can be prevented by filling hot products above 85°C and reducing iron contamination.
Jam:
• Jam is a solid gel made from the pulp of a single fruit or combination of fruits with a fruit content of at least 40% and a total sugar content of not less than 68% to prevent mould growth after opening the jar. In mixed fruit jams the first-named fruit should be at least 50% of the total fruit added.
Jelly:
• Jelly is a crystal-clear jam, made from filtered juice instead of fruit pulp.
Shelf-life: The principles of preservation are heating to destroy enzymes and micro-organisms, com- bined with high acidity and sugar content to prevent re-contamination. Jams and jellies can be kept for several months when stored in a cool dry place, away from direct sunlight.
This document summarizes a study on the osmotic dehydration of cantaloupe. It describes how cantaloupe slices were treated with calcium salts then subjected to either fast or slow osmotic dehydration in sucrose solutions. Analysis found the slow method retained more vitamin C and led to higher sensory ratings. Pretreatment with 2% calcium lactate for 3 hours was found to improve texture without affecting taste. The study demonstrated how osmotic dehydration can influence the physical, chemical, and sensory properties of fruits.
Basic introduction of equipments used in dairy industryAmrita Rana
This document provides a basic introduction and overview of some common equipment used in dairy technology. It discusses homogenizers, pasteurizers, evaporators, dryers, and freezers. For each type of equipment, it provides 1-2 sentences describing its general function. It then goes into more detail about specific models or methods for some of the equipment types, such as single-stage vs two-stage homogenizers, different methods of pasteurization, types of evaporators like single-effect vs multiple-effect, and batch vs continuous freezers. The document aims to familiarize readers with some of the key processing equipment involved in dairy technology.
This document discusses various techniques for drying fruits and vegetables to preserve them. It describes drying as removing moisture to stop bacterial growth. Methods include sun, freeze, drum and spray drying. Ideal temperatures are 60-70C to dry without cooking. Factors like temperature, humidity and air flow impact drying rates. Fruits require preparation like washing while vegetables need blanching first. Drying continues until products are leathery or brittle. Nutritional values change with vitamins most affected. Drying significantly reduces weights through moisture removal.
Freezing is a key step in ice cream production that incorporates air into the mix to give it a light, creamy texture. There are two main types of freezers - batch and continuous. Batch freezers freeze individual batches while continuous freezers continuously feed and freeze the mix. Both utilize a freezing cylinder and dasher to freeze and incorporate air into the mix, though continuous freezers operate under pressure. Proper freezing results in small ice crystals that give ice cream a smooth body and texture.
Primary and minimal processing of fruits and vegetablesrani mamatha
primary processing and minimal processing of fruits and vegetables. (grading, sorting, cleaning, washing, peeling, minimal processing).
minimal processing flow chart , types of sorting, grading.
types of peeling.
blanching, types of blanching.
bio control agent, browning agent.
Tomatoes grown in winter have higher quality and are processed into products like juice, puree, paste, sauce and ketchup to avoid losses during peak seasons. Processing involves selecting fully ripe tomatoes, washing, sorting, cutting, heating and pulping them before adding other ingredients like salt, sugar and spices. The mixture is then filled into bottles or cans, sterilized and stored. Problems like black neck formation in bottles can be prevented by filling hot products above 85°C and reducing iron contamination.
Jam:
• Jam is a solid gel made from the pulp of a single fruit or combination of fruits with a fruit content of at least 40% and a total sugar content of not less than 68% to prevent mould growth after opening the jar. In mixed fruit jams the first-named fruit should be at least 50% of the total fruit added.
Jelly:
• Jelly is a crystal-clear jam, made from filtered juice instead of fruit pulp.
Shelf-life: The principles of preservation are heating to destroy enzymes and micro-organisms, com- bined with high acidity and sugar content to prevent re-contamination. Jams and jellies can be kept for several months when stored in a cool dry place, away from direct sunlight.
This document summarizes a study on the osmotic dehydration of cantaloupe. It describes how cantaloupe slices were treated with calcium salts then subjected to either fast or slow osmotic dehydration in sucrose solutions. Analysis found the slow method retained more vitamin C and led to higher sensory ratings. Pretreatment with 2% calcium lactate for 3 hours was found to improve texture without affecting taste. The study demonstrated how osmotic dehydration can influence the physical, chemical, and sensory properties of fruits.
Basic introduction of equipments used in dairy industryAmrita Rana
This document provides a basic introduction and overview of some common equipment used in dairy technology. It discusses homogenizers, pasteurizers, evaporators, dryers, and freezers. For each type of equipment, it provides 1-2 sentences describing its general function. It then goes into more detail about specific models or methods for some of the equipment types, such as single-stage vs two-stage homogenizers, different methods of pasteurization, types of evaporators like single-effect vs multiple-effect, and batch vs continuous freezers. The document aims to familiarize readers with some of the key processing equipment involved in dairy technology.
This document discusses various techniques for drying fruits and vegetables to preserve them. It describes drying as removing moisture to stop bacterial growth. Methods include sun, freeze, drum and spray drying. Ideal temperatures are 60-70C to dry without cooking. Factors like temperature, humidity and air flow impact drying rates. Fruits require preparation like washing while vegetables need blanching first. Drying continues until products are leathery or brittle. Nutritional values change with vitamins most affected. Drying significantly reduces weights through moisture removal.
Food extrusion is a form of extrusion used in food processing. It is a process by which a set of mixed ingredients are forced through an opening in a perforated plate or die with a design specific to the food, and is then cut to a specified size by blades.
Physical and chemical properties of milkDhanya K C
This document summarizes the physical and chemical properties of milk. It discusses that milk is a white or yellow-white opaque liquid secreted by mammals for nourishing young. The physical properties discussed include color, flavor, specific gravity, viscosity, surface tension, freezing and boiling points, acidity, and heat stability. The chemical composition of milk is also summarized, including the major components of water, fat, protein, lactose, minerals, vitamins, and enzymes. Factors that can influence the chemical composition are also listed.
Fruits and Vegetables Processing Technology Mahmudul Hasan
This document discusses the processing of unfermented fruit beverages. It describes the key steps in processing juices, ready-to-serve beverages, nectar, cordial, and squash. These include fruit selection, washing, juice extraction, clarification, addition of sugar, fortification, and preservation. It also discusses blended juices and fruit juice concentrate, noting their advantages and challenges. The overall processing flows involve fruit preparation, juice extraction, mixing, pasteurization, bottling, and storage.
Dehydration or drying is defined as the application of heat under controlled conditions to remove the majority of water from foods through evaporation. Drying fruits and vegetables helps reduce moisture content and water activity, which helps maintain quality by decreasing enzyme activity and microbial growth. Common drying techniques include spray drying, freeze drying, and tray drying. Spray drying is often used to produce fruit juice powders by spraying fruit juice into a heated chamber where it is dried into a powder form. Proper drying helps preserve fruits and vegetables for later use.
Acidulants are food additives that are used to regulate acidity or pH levels in foods. Common acidulants include citric acid, acetic acid, phosphoric acid, and tartaric acid. The document discusses the functions and uses of various acidulants in foods. It provides information on how acidulants interact with other food constituents like proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and vitamins. Guidelines are presented on selecting the appropriate acidulant based on the major function required, compatibility with the food system, processing considerations, and legal requirements.
The document provides information about a seminar on drying and dehydration of fruit crops. It discusses various topics related to drying and dehydration including principles, pre-treatment, drying techniques, benefits of dried fruit, and research findings. The key points are that drying and dehydration remove water from fruits to preserve them by inhibiting microbial growth. Various techniques are used for drying including sun drying, tray drying, tunnel drying, and freeze drying. Pre-treatment and proper drying conditions help maintain fruit quality and nutritional value during the drying process.
Minimal processing refers to lightly processing fruits and vegetables through operations like trimming, peeling, slicing, and coring that preserve the quality while extending the shelf life. This processing approach has grown in demand due to consumer preferences for convenience, healthfulness, and products containing few additives. However, the cut surfaces exposed through minimal processing can cause physiological and biochemical changes like increased respiration and enzymatic browning as well as microbial spoilage. Controlling these quality deterioration factors is important for maintaining the fresh-like characteristics of minimally processed produce.
This document discusses intermediate moisture foods (IMF), which are foods with a water activity between 0.6-0.9 that prevents microbial growth. Examples include jams, jellies, candies, baked goods, honey, and dried meats. IMF have 10-50% moisture. Water activity measures the availability of water for microbial growth. IMF provide food preservation by controlling water activity and may include additional preservatives. While IMF don't require refrigeration, they can contain high sugar or salt and their texture may deteriorate if not properly handled.
Fruit beverages are made from fruit juices or pulp that undergo minimal processing like filtration and pasteurization before being mixed with ingredients like sugar, acid, and preservatives. Ready-to-serve beverages as specified by FSSA must contain at least 10% fruit content and 10% total soluble solids while having a maximum acidity of 0.3% citric acid. They also allow preservatives up to 70ppm sulfur dioxide and 120ppm benzoic acid since no dilution is needed before drinking. The document outlines specifications for fruit beverages and provides process flow sheets for making mango, orange, and jamun ready-to-serve beverages.
This is an assignment i did for the course
AGP - 512: Beverages and Fermentation Technology
during my M. Sc. at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU).
Contains the following:
1. Determination of carbon dioxide volume of carbonated beverages available in local markets
2. Preparation of Cordials from Fruit Juice (Lime)
3. Preparation of Fruit Juice Drink (Mango)
4. Preparation of Squashes from Fruit Juice (Mango)
5. Preparation of Ready to Serve - RTS (Mango)
6. Preparation of Nectar from fruit Juice (Mango)
Scope of fruit and vegetable industry in indiajanhavimaurya
India is the second largest producer of fruits and vegetables globally. It has a diverse range of agro-climatic zones allowing for various horticultural crops. Food processing transforms raw agriculture into value-added products through methods like preservation and drying to enhance shelf life and quality. The food processing industry is important as it provides employment, boosts farmer incomes, reduces malnutrition and food waste, earns foreign exchange, and curbs migration and inflation by increasing supplies. It also encourages crop diversification and brings more choices to consumers.
This document provides instructions for making lemon squash. It lists the key ingredients as lemon juice, sugar, water, and a preservative like potassium metabisulfite or sodium benzoate. The preparation method involves squeezing lemon juice, dissolving sugar in water by heating to make a syrup, mixing the syrup and juice, adding a preservative, bottling, and storing in the refrigerator. A flow sheet outlines the full process from washing and cutting lemons to extracting juice to mixing and bottling the final product. The document concludes that making lemon squash at home is beneficial based on its benefit-cost ratio.
The document summarizes the process of making puffed grains. It describes how Dr. Alexander P. Anderson invented the modern puffing process using heat and steam to cause grains like rice, wheat, and corn to explode and increase dramatically in volume. The puffing process works by heating grain kernels that contain water, converting the water to steam which builds pressure until the grain's pericarp bursts, allowing the starch and proteins to expand into a puffed shape. Common puffing methods described are oven puffing, gun puffing, extrusion puffing, and oil puffing for popcorn. The puffing process increases the grain's volume 6-8 times and results in popular breakfast cereals like Rice Krispies and Cheerios
Drying and dehydration of fruits and vegetablesShubham Kumar
This document discusses drying and dehydration techniques for fruits and vegetables. It defines drying as using sun or wind to remove moisture, while dehydration uses controlled artificial heat. Benefits include longer storage, reduced weight and packaging. Common drying methods described are sun, solar, freeze, drum, spray drying. Factors that affect the drying process like temperature, humidity and air flow are also covered. The document concludes that advances in dehydration techniques have enabled a wide range of dried food products but greater industry adoption of research is still needed.
1. Grain quality factors like test weight, foreign material, broken kernels, and moisture content can impact the value of grain for both trade and animal feeding.
2. Test weight alone has little effect on animal performance if animals can meet their energy needs, but impacts value when grain is sold by volume. Foreign material depends on what it is but can reduce storage quality.
3. Both physical and chemical analyses are important for evaluating grain quality factors and potential issues like mycotoxins that impact animal health and performance. Maintaining proper storage conditions is key to preserving grain quality.
Status of Fruit and Vegetable Processing IndustryMansiGupta413277
India is the second largest producer of fruits and vegetables globally but has a low per capita consumption rate. Over 30% of production is wasted due to inadequate processing facilities. The food processing industry plays an important role in conserving and utilizing fruits and vegetables through storage and off-season processing. However, commercial processing in India is less than 2% of production despite being one of the largest producers, due to challenges like a lack of infrastructure, skilled labor, and obsolete technology. The government has implemented several schemes to promote growth in the fruit and vegetable processing industry.
Khoa is a partially dehydrated milk product made by continuously heating and stirring milk until it reaches a semi-solid consistency. It is classified based on fat and moisture content into different types suitable for making sweets. Khoa is produced through existing batch methods or improved continuous methods. It provides nutrients from milk and is commonly used as a base for Indian sweets or consumed directly. Proper packaging and refrigerated storage helps extend the shelf life of khoa.
This document discusses different types of browning reactions that can occur in foods, including enzymatic and non-enzymatic browning. Non-enzymatic browning includes caramelization, which occurs when sugars are heated and undergo a series of reactions to turn brown. It also includes Maillard browning, which is the reaction between reducing sugars and amino acids or proteins. Enzymatic browning is caused by phenolase enzymes and can be prevented by maintaining an acid pH, using sulfites or antioxidants, reducing oxygen contact, or blanching to denature the enzymes.
The concentration of fruit juice involves significant removal of moisture. This process is beneficial for product preservation, utilization, storage, distribution and transportation. For more useful presentations, visit my blog at aakashgill1.wordpress.com
Jam means the product prepared from sound, ripe, fresh, dehydrated, frozen or previously packed fruits including fruit juices, fruit pulp, fruit juice concentrate or dry fruit by boiling its pieces or pulp or puree with nutritive value
Fruit Jelly means the product prepared by boiling fruit juice or fruit(s) of sound quality, with or without water, expressing and straining the juice, adding nutritive sweeteners, and concentrating to such a consistency that gelatinization takes place on cooling. The product shall not be syrupy, sticky or gummy and shall be clear, sparkling and transparent.
Marmallade
This is a citrus fruit product prepared by cooking fruit pulp or extract with sufficient amount of sugar and using shreds of peel as suspended material.
Marmalades are classified into :
1. Jelly marmalade
2. Jam marmalade
Preserves
A mature fruit/ vegetable or its piece impregnated with heavy sugar syrup till it becomes tender and transparent is known as preserve. When fruits are placed in a concentrated sugar syrup, the water moves out of the fruit and sugar moves into it until equilibrium is reached by osmosis. Apple, Cherry, anola, pineapple, pear, mango, papaya, strawberry, etc., can be used for making preserves. FPO specifications for preserves are given in Quality section
Candies Vegetable & fruits
A fruit or vegetable impregnated with cane sugar or glucose syrup, and subsequently drained free of syrup and dried, is known as candied fruit/vegetable. The most suitable fruits for candying are pineapple, cherry, aonla, karonda, papaya, apple, peach, peels of orange, ginger etc.
This document provides instructions for freezing various fruits. It discusses methods for freezing fruits including using moisture-proof packaging to retain quality. It recommends selecting fully ripe but firm fruits and freezing them as soon as possible after harvesting. Preparation steps include washing, peeling, slicing, and treating with ascorbic acid or other solutions to prevent browning. Fruits can be packed in syrup, with sugar, or unsweetened and then frozen quickly. Specific instructions are provided for freezing many different types of fruits.
Easy avocado recipes are provided that are healthy and can improve cardiac health and immunity. Recipes include avocado dips made by mixing avocado with citrus juices and sour cream or ranch, garnishing with vegetables. Avocado soups are made by blending avocado into a puree and mixing with lime juice and milk. Avocado smoothies mix avocado with fruits like banana and peach, orange juice, or milk, yogurt, and honey for a tasty and nutritious treat.
Food extrusion is a form of extrusion used in food processing. It is a process by which a set of mixed ingredients are forced through an opening in a perforated plate or die with a design specific to the food, and is then cut to a specified size by blades.
Physical and chemical properties of milkDhanya K C
This document summarizes the physical and chemical properties of milk. It discusses that milk is a white or yellow-white opaque liquid secreted by mammals for nourishing young. The physical properties discussed include color, flavor, specific gravity, viscosity, surface tension, freezing and boiling points, acidity, and heat stability. The chemical composition of milk is also summarized, including the major components of water, fat, protein, lactose, minerals, vitamins, and enzymes. Factors that can influence the chemical composition are also listed.
Fruits and Vegetables Processing Technology Mahmudul Hasan
This document discusses the processing of unfermented fruit beverages. It describes the key steps in processing juices, ready-to-serve beverages, nectar, cordial, and squash. These include fruit selection, washing, juice extraction, clarification, addition of sugar, fortification, and preservation. It also discusses blended juices and fruit juice concentrate, noting their advantages and challenges. The overall processing flows involve fruit preparation, juice extraction, mixing, pasteurization, bottling, and storage.
Dehydration or drying is defined as the application of heat under controlled conditions to remove the majority of water from foods through evaporation. Drying fruits and vegetables helps reduce moisture content and water activity, which helps maintain quality by decreasing enzyme activity and microbial growth. Common drying techniques include spray drying, freeze drying, and tray drying. Spray drying is often used to produce fruit juice powders by spraying fruit juice into a heated chamber where it is dried into a powder form. Proper drying helps preserve fruits and vegetables for later use.
Acidulants are food additives that are used to regulate acidity or pH levels in foods. Common acidulants include citric acid, acetic acid, phosphoric acid, and tartaric acid. The document discusses the functions and uses of various acidulants in foods. It provides information on how acidulants interact with other food constituents like proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and vitamins. Guidelines are presented on selecting the appropriate acidulant based on the major function required, compatibility with the food system, processing considerations, and legal requirements.
The document provides information about a seminar on drying and dehydration of fruit crops. It discusses various topics related to drying and dehydration including principles, pre-treatment, drying techniques, benefits of dried fruit, and research findings. The key points are that drying and dehydration remove water from fruits to preserve them by inhibiting microbial growth. Various techniques are used for drying including sun drying, tray drying, tunnel drying, and freeze drying. Pre-treatment and proper drying conditions help maintain fruit quality and nutritional value during the drying process.
Minimal processing refers to lightly processing fruits and vegetables through operations like trimming, peeling, slicing, and coring that preserve the quality while extending the shelf life. This processing approach has grown in demand due to consumer preferences for convenience, healthfulness, and products containing few additives. However, the cut surfaces exposed through minimal processing can cause physiological and biochemical changes like increased respiration and enzymatic browning as well as microbial spoilage. Controlling these quality deterioration factors is important for maintaining the fresh-like characteristics of minimally processed produce.
This document discusses intermediate moisture foods (IMF), which are foods with a water activity between 0.6-0.9 that prevents microbial growth. Examples include jams, jellies, candies, baked goods, honey, and dried meats. IMF have 10-50% moisture. Water activity measures the availability of water for microbial growth. IMF provide food preservation by controlling water activity and may include additional preservatives. While IMF don't require refrigeration, they can contain high sugar or salt and their texture may deteriorate if not properly handled.
Fruit beverages are made from fruit juices or pulp that undergo minimal processing like filtration and pasteurization before being mixed with ingredients like sugar, acid, and preservatives. Ready-to-serve beverages as specified by FSSA must contain at least 10% fruit content and 10% total soluble solids while having a maximum acidity of 0.3% citric acid. They also allow preservatives up to 70ppm sulfur dioxide and 120ppm benzoic acid since no dilution is needed before drinking. The document outlines specifications for fruit beverages and provides process flow sheets for making mango, orange, and jamun ready-to-serve beverages.
This is an assignment i did for the course
AGP - 512: Beverages and Fermentation Technology
during my M. Sc. at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU).
Contains the following:
1. Determination of carbon dioxide volume of carbonated beverages available in local markets
2. Preparation of Cordials from Fruit Juice (Lime)
3. Preparation of Fruit Juice Drink (Mango)
4. Preparation of Squashes from Fruit Juice (Mango)
5. Preparation of Ready to Serve - RTS (Mango)
6. Preparation of Nectar from fruit Juice (Mango)
Scope of fruit and vegetable industry in indiajanhavimaurya
India is the second largest producer of fruits and vegetables globally. It has a diverse range of agro-climatic zones allowing for various horticultural crops. Food processing transforms raw agriculture into value-added products through methods like preservation and drying to enhance shelf life and quality. The food processing industry is important as it provides employment, boosts farmer incomes, reduces malnutrition and food waste, earns foreign exchange, and curbs migration and inflation by increasing supplies. It also encourages crop diversification and brings more choices to consumers.
This document provides instructions for making lemon squash. It lists the key ingredients as lemon juice, sugar, water, and a preservative like potassium metabisulfite or sodium benzoate. The preparation method involves squeezing lemon juice, dissolving sugar in water by heating to make a syrup, mixing the syrup and juice, adding a preservative, bottling, and storing in the refrigerator. A flow sheet outlines the full process from washing and cutting lemons to extracting juice to mixing and bottling the final product. The document concludes that making lemon squash at home is beneficial based on its benefit-cost ratio.
The document summarizes the process of making puffed grains. It describes how Dr. Alexander P. Anderson invented the modern puffing process using heat and steam to cause grains like rice, wheat, and corn to explode and increase dramatically in volume. The puffing process works by heating grain kernels that contain water, converting the water to steam which builds pressure until the grain's pericarp bursts, allowing the starch and proteins to expand into a puffed shape. Common puffing methods described are oven puffing, gun puffing, extrusion puffing, and oil puffing for popcorn. The puffing process increases the grain's volume 6-8 times and results in popular breakfast cereals like Rice Krispies and Cheerios
Drying and dehydration of fruits and vegetablesShubham Kumar
This document discusses drying and dehydration techniques for fruits and vegetables. It defines drying as using sun or wind to remove moisture, while dehydration uses controlled artificial heat. Benefits include longer storage, reduced weight and packaging. Common drying methods described are sun, solar, freeze, drum, spray drying. Factors that affect the drying process like temperature, humidity and air flow are also covered. The document concludes that advances in dehydration techniques have enabled a wide range of dried food products but greater industry adoption of research is still needed.
1. Grain quality factors like test weight, foreign material, broken kernels, and moisture content can impact the value of grain for both trade and animal feeding.
2. Test weight alone has little effect on animal performance if animals can meet their energy needs, but impacts value when grain is sold by volume. Foreign material depends on what it is but can reduce storage quality.
3. Both physical and chemical analyses are important for evaluating grain quality factors and potential issues like mycotoxins that impact animal health and performance. Maintaining proper storage conditions is key to preserving grain quality.
Status of Fruit and Vegetable Processing IndustryMansiGupta413277
India is the second largest producer of fruits and vegetables globally but has a low per capita consumption rate. Over 30% of production is wasted due to inadequate processing facilities. The food processing industry plays an important role in conserving and utilizing fruits and vegetables through storage and off-season processing. However, commercial processing in India is less than 2% of production despite being one of the largest producers, due to challenges like a lack of infrastructure, skilled labor, and obsolete technology. The government has implemented several schemes to promote growth in the fruit and vegetable processing industry.
Khoa is a partially dehydrated milk product made by continuously heating and stirring milk until it reaches a semi-solid consistency. It is classified based on fat and moisture content into different types suitable for making sweets. Khoa is produced through existing batch methods or improved continuous methods. It provides nutrients from milk and is commonly used as a base for Indian sweets or consumed directly. Proper packaging and refrigerated storage helps extend the shelf life of khoa.
This document discusses different types of browning reactions that can occur in foods, including enzymatic and non-enzymatic browning. Non-enzymatic browning includes caramelization, which occurs when sugars are heated and undergo a series of reactions to turn brown. It also includes Maillard browning, which is the reaction between reducing sugars and amino acids or proteins. Enzymatic browning is caused by phenolase enzymes and can be prevented by maintaining an acid pH, using sulfites or antioxidants, reducing oxygen contact, or blanching to denature the enzymes.
The concentration of fruit juice involves significant removal of moisture. This process is beneficial for product preservation, utilization, storage, distribution and transportation. For more useful presentations, visit my blog at aakashgill1.wordpress.com
Jam means the product prepared from sound, ripe, fresh, dehydrated, frozen or previously packed fruits including fruit juices, fruit pulp, fruit juice concentrate or dry fruit by boiling its pieces or pulp or puree with nutritive value
Fruit Jelly means the product prepared by boiling fruit juice or fruit(s) of sound quality, with or without water, expressing and straining the juice, adding nutritive sweeteners, and concentrating to such a consistency that gelatinization takes place on cooling. The product shall not be syrupy, sticky or gummy and shall be clear, sparkling and transparent.
Marmallade
This is a citrus fruit product prepared by cooking fruit pulp or extract with sufficient amount of sugar and using shreds of peel as suspended material.
Marmalades are classified into :
1. Jelly marmalade
2. Jam marmalade
Preserves
A mature fruit/ vegetable or its piece impregnated with heavy sugar syrup till it becomes tender and transparent is known as preserve. When fruits are placed in a concentrated sugar syrup, the water moves out of the fruit and sugar moves into it until equilibrium is reached by osmosis. Apple, Cherry, anola, pineapple, pear, mango, papaya, strawberry, etc., can be used for making preserves. FPO specifications for preserves are given in Quality section
Candies Vegetable & fruits
A fruit or vegetable impregnated with cane sugar or glucose syrup, and subsequently drained free of syrup and dried, is known as candied fruit/vegetable. The most suitable fruits for candying are pineapple, cherry, aonla, karonda, papaya, apple, peach, peels of orange, ginger etc.
This document provides instructions for freezing various fruits. It discusses methods for freezing fruits including using moisture-proof packaging to retain quality. It recommends selecting fully ripe but firm fruits and freezing them as soon as possible after harvesting. Preparation steps include washing, peeling, slicing, and treating with ascorbic acid or other solutions to prevent browning. Fruits can be packed in syrup, with sugar, or unsweetened and then frozen quickly. Specific instructions are provided for freezing many different types of fruits.
Easy avocado recipes are provided that are healthy and can improve cardiac health and immunity. Recipes include avocado dips made by mixing avocado with citrus juices and sour cream or ranch, garnishing with vegetables. Avocado soups are made by blending avocado into a puree and mixing with lime juice and milk. Avocado smoothies mix avocado with fruits like banana and peach, orange juice, or milk, yogurt, and honey for a tasty and nutritious treat.
This document provides recipes for 12 fruit-infused water combinations using the FruitFuzer water bottle. The recipes include ingredients and instructions for infusing water with fruits like grapes, pineapple, mango, cucumber, jalapeno, strawberry, mandarin oranges, Meyer lemon, apple, and mint leaves. Most recipes recommend infusing the ingredients in water in the refrigerator for several hours to allow the flavors to blend before drinking.
Whether you want to lose weight, detox, or get your daily dose of essential vitamins, nutrients or antioxidants, this smoothie recipe guide is what you've been looking for. With many healthy and delicious smoothie recipes, your bound to find one that meets your health goals. You'll find the recipe instructions quick and easy to follow, which will help you to create power-packed smoothies from fresh fruits and vegetables.
This smoothie recipe resource will be your guide to getting your health on the right track! Your body will thank you!
The document provides instructions for preserving peaches in multiple ways:
1) Peach leather is made by pureeing peaches and dehydrating the puree into flexible sheets.
2) Peaches can be frozen by blanching them in a solution to prevent browning, then packing them in sugar or syrup before freezing.
3) Additional freezing methods include making peach puree or pie filling.
4) Peaches can also be dehydrated, canned using a water bath canning process, or stored in syrup packs or with dry sugar. Proper preparation and packaging methods are described to safely preserve the peaches.
This document contains 15 smoothie recipes intended for breakfast. It discusses the importance of eating breakfast and why smoothies make for a healthy breakfast option. The smoothies include recipes that are fruit-based, vegetable-based, and nutrient-packed to help energize and nourish the body for the day. Additional information is provided about some of the main ingredients used in the smoothies.
The document provides instructions for preserving strawberries through several methods:
1) Making strawberry jam by cooking crushed strawberries and sugar until thickened, then pouring into sterilized jars.
2) Making freezer jam with added pectin for faster cooking time.
3) Freezing whole, sliced, or pureed strawberries by packing them with or without sugar into containers and freezing.
4) Making strawberry fruit leather by pureeing strawberries and other fruits, spreading the puree thin to dry, and storing the resulting pliable strips.
This document provides information and instructions for a 9-day cleansing program called Clean 9. It aims to help people look and feel better in 9 days by resetting their body and jumpstarting a journey to a slimmer, healthier self. The program includes supplements, exercise recommendations, and meal plans consisting of shakes and 600 calorie dinners. Sticking to the program and its tips is encouraged to achieve maximum results in weight loss and improved well-being.
Fruits are described as cleansers of the body due to their high water and carbohydrate content. While raw fruits aid digestion, cooking can convert sugars to starches that are difficult to digest. Eating fruits alone is best for their benefits, while combining them with other carbohydrates or sugars can lead to acid conditions in the body. Specific fruits like apples, apricots, avocados, bananas, berries, cherries, cranberries, currants, dates, and figs are then discussed in more detail for their nutritional composition and best uses.
This document provides recipes for 21 quick and easy superfood smoothies and bowls using organic superfood powders. The recipes can be made in a blender and require only a few ingredients like fruits, vegetables, nut milks or water. Example recipes include the Green Smoothie made with banana, barley grass, spinach and mint or the Mango Berry Crunch with mango, berries and bee pollen. Brief descriptions are provided about the health benefits of the organic superfood powders used in each recipe.
THE BENEFITS OF OAT MASH
Oatmeal supports the health of the digestive tract. As a rich source of fiber, they are recommended in the diet to relieve the symptoms of constipation.
Oatmeal improves heart health. Due to the high intake of antioxidants, consuming oatmeal can prevent oxidation of harmful cholesterol, thereby reducing the incidence of heart disease.
Increase energy levels - Oatmeal is a great source of complex carbohydrates, which are slowly absorbed by the body. Thus, the energy level will be maintained at the maximum level for a long time.
RECIPE 1: OAT MASH
Oatmeal is very easy to make, but it is also ideal for those who are on a weight loss diet. Start by putting oatmeal in a saucepan, along with water or milk, and bring to a boil over medium heat. Add a little salt and mix the composition. When it starts to boil, reduce the heat and continue to stir for about 5 minutes until smooth. If you want a more liquid composition you can add water or milk. Oatmeal can be eaten simply or with fruits such as apples, blackberries, bananas or strawberries.
RECIPE 2: OAT MASH WITH GREEK YOGHURT, BLUEBERRY AND STRAWBERRIES
In a bowl, mix oatmeal, Greek yogurt and chia seeds. Add a pinch of salt and two teaspoons of honey and stir until smooth. This preparation can be eaten with pieces of strawberries or blueberries.
RECIPE 3: OAT MASH WITH BANANAS AND PEANUT BUTTER
To prepare this recipe, you need to mix chia seeds well with oatmeal and milk in a bowl. Cut a banana into small pieces and add them on top of the composition, along with two tablespoons of peanut butter. Finally, you can pour a spoonful of honey on top.
RECIPE 4: OAT MASH WITH BANANAS, ALMONDS AND CINNAMON
Start by peeling the bananas and slicing them. Put the almonds in a pan, over medium heat, without oil, and leave for about 4 minutes, until golden brown.
The oatmeal is prepared according to the classic recipe, only at the end you add cinnamon and honey and mix well. This breakfast option is served with banana slices, fried almonds and a little honey on top.
RECIPE 5: OAT MILK
You have probably heard of the famous oat milk. Well, his recipe is very simple. All you have to do is add a tablespoon of oatmeal and a glass of water at room temperature in a bowl. Stir vigorously for one minute until the water turns white. Drain the oats and sweeten the remaining liquid to taste. Oat milk can be consumed cold or hot.
Get a nutritious breakfast every day to have energy all day!
A healthy diet for children should meet nutritional needs for proper growth. It is important to establish healthy eating habits from an early age by teaching children through example. A balanced diet includes eating fruits and vegetables, dairy, fish, whole grains and limiting sugary drinks and fast food. Physical activity should also be encouraged according to a child's age and abilities.
The Clean 9 Program can help you to jumpstart your journey to a slimmer, healthier you in 9 days. This effective, easy-to-follow cleansing program will give you the tools you need to start transforming your body today! http://www.aloe4us.com/forever-clean-9.html
The document provides instructions for preserving cherries through several methods:
1) Making cherry juice by steaming pitted cherries for 1 hour and processing the hot juice in jars for 25 minutes.
2) Making cherry leather by straining the cherry pulp from juicing, adding applesauce and flavoring, and dehydrating the mixture into a pliable leather.
3) Drying cherries by cutting them in half, removing pits, and dehydrating at high then low heat until leathery but slightly sticky.
4) Canning sweet or sour cherries in light or medium syrup by washing, stemming, and packing jars before processing.
5) Making bing cherry jam by cooking chopped
This document provides an overview of value addition opportunities for mangoes in India. It begins by introducing mango as the king of fruits in India and discusses its cultivation. It then defines value addition as processing raw products to increase value and lists benefits such as reduced losses, employment, and export opportunities. The document proceeds to outline various value addition methods for mangoes like juices, pulps, pickles, chutneys and others. It provides recipes and processing steps for many popular mango products. Finally, it emphasizes the need for awareness, industry linkages and cooperation to effectively implement value addition of mangoes in India.
This document provides instructions for making a berry smoothie bowl. It lists the ingredients needed which include mixed berries, banana, orange juice, lime, and Greek yogurt. The instructions state to blend the berries, banana, orange juice, yogurt and water until smooth, then pour into a bowl and top with items like granola, fruit or nuts. Finally, it notes that smoothie bowls provide a healthy and satisfying sweet treat, with variety in options and recipes.
This document provides information on various beverage products and concentrates that can be produced, including:
1) Banana pseudo stem juice, coconut neera, coconut water concentrate, coffee concentrate, and cola flavor concentrate.
2) Fruit squashes, crushes, cordials and syrups can be produced using equipment like pulpers, fruit mills, and bottling machines.
3) Ginger beverage concentrate and ginger tea can be made from fresh ginger. Concentrated lemon-lime flavor can also be produced.
This document provides instructions for making homemade fruit and vegetable juices. It outlines 8 steps: 1) Wash and prepare the fruits and vegetables by removing skins, seeds, and stems. 2) Clean and sanitize the juicer. 3) Chop the produce into appropriate sizes for the juicer. 4) Process the produce until the desired quantity of juice is reached. 5) Experiment with flavor combinations and consider unusual ingredients like cabbage or parsley. 6) Include a variety of colored produce for maximum nutrients. 7) Optionally add spices or flavorings but limit additional sugars. 8) Enjoy the fresh juice or chill it before drinking.
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For further information please contact Senem Saglam at senemsaglam@hotmail.com or call (201)221-9184.
This document provides instructions for making a tropical juice. It outlines 8 steps: 1) Wash and prepare fruits and vegetables by removing skins, seeds, and stems; 2) Clean and sanitize the juicer; 3) Chop fruits and vegetables into appropriate sizes; 4) Process ingredients in the juicer to make the juice; 5) Experiment with flavor combinations and consider unusual ingredients like cabbage or parsley; 6) Include a variety of colored fruits and vegetables for maximum nutrients; 7) Optionally add spices or flavorings but limit additional sugars; 8) Enjoy the fresh juice or chill it before drinking. The overall process shows how to combine fruits and vegetables in a juicer to make a healthy and delicious tropical beverage.
Similar to Formulation of Ready to Serve Beverage (20)
Packaging Prospects For Fresh And Processed MeatMaira Jabeen
Packaging of Processed and Fresh meat products in order to achieve optimum shelf life and zero changes in texture and taste as well as nutritional profile of meat.
Full description of manufacturing processing of margarine is given in the file.
The document includes:
-Introduction of Margarine
-History
-Ingredients
-Role of Ingredients
-Manufacturing Process
-Flowline of Mayonnaise
-Packaging processes
-Advantages
-Disadvantages
Full description of manufacturing processing of mayonnaise is given in the file.
The document includes:
-Introduction of Mayonnaise
-History
-Ingredients
-Role of Ingredients
-Manufacturing Process
-Flowline of Mayonnaise
-Packaging processes
-Advantages
-Disadvantages
Dairy Processing plants in Pakistan as well as globally are fulfilling various nutritional needs of humans by providing them with the best and standardized products.
Some of the important parameters while constructing and planning for a dairy processing unit must include a specific set of instructions and guide line. some of them are in the document uploaded.
Implementation of Food safety and management system in Poultry Industry is discussed in detail in the document. From describing the principles of HACCP as well as its critical control points and critical control limits.
Toxicity from Food Additives and Adulterants Maira Jabeen
Food additives are and adulterants are added intentionally by the food processors. However, some of the elements in such substances are responsible for causing severe health issues and toxicity and can also lead towards causalities.
Health Impact of toxicity by food additives and adulterants along with its purpose of addition and treatments are given in the following file.
Marital Satisfaction and Communication Skills Among Married Couples Maira Jabeen
This study examined the relationship between marital satisfaction and communication skills among married couples. It hypothesized that there would be a positive correlation between marital satisfaction and communication. The study involved surveying 50 married couples on their interpersonal communication skills and marital satisfaction. It found that communication plays a central role in marriage and that couples with better communication skills reported higher relationship satisfaction. The study concluded that interpersonal communication skills are necessary for building strong marital bonds.
Flaws of Higher Education System in Pakistan Maira Jabeen
this piece of information briefly describes about the existing higher education system of Pakistan and its Flaws along with some suggestive advices to take over the flaws and maintain a good standards of education in Pakistan.
a brief and precise discussion about future and present trends of food policy in order to provide the people with best of the food and ensure the safety as well as security of food.
Bakery industry being one of the major industries in world are also causing huge amount of waste during its processing. Thus it is highly important for any industry to deal with its waste management processes so that it does not adversely effect the environment.
A brief and to the point discussion over the manufacturing process of chicken nuggets, its health effects including the beneficial as well as the adverse effects of its consumption.
Following document includes data regarding all nine cereal grains. it includes discussion on the
Physical properties
Rheological properties
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It also includes a brief overview of different instruments which are important in terms of cereals and their rheological prooperties.
It also throws highlight on the DSC technique which comprises of two major mechanisms taking place in cereal grains i.e
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2. Retrogradation
Here is a piece of detailed information about the experimental design used in the field of statistics. This also features some information on the three most widely accepted and most widely used designs.
Preservation of meat by Sodium Chloride Maira Jabeen
Sodium chloride is commonly used to preserve meat by reducing its water content and inhibiting microbial growth. It works through osmotic stress, drawing water out of meat cells and creating an unfavorable environment for bacteria. While sodium chloride extends the shelf life of meat without impacting nutrition, too much can impact flavor, color, and health. The optimal concentration is around 20% to prevent spoilage while avoiding adverse effects.
Modified Atmosphere Packaging is one of the leading packaging techniques of fresh fruits and vegetables. This is majorly employed by industries to enhance the freshness and quality of the fresh produce and to increase their storage life.
Here is a little information on the ARGON and NITROUS OXIDE MAP as well as the NON- SULPHITE DIPPING PROCESS, along with the EFFECTIVENESS OF NOVEL MAP TECHNOLOGY.
Drum Dryers are extensively used in food industry for their function to dry the products in such a way that they do not lose the essential nutrients present in food products. one of its type i.e. single drum dryer is explained in detail.
Different Marketing Techniques of Food ProductsMaira Jabeen
Food products including both the food eateries as well as the local food providers such as fruit and vegetable vendors, all people uses some type of marketing strategies to enhace the sales of their products. some of theses marketing strategies re discussed in the presentation.
Post Harvest Disease Management Of Spinach Maira Jabeen
This document discusses post-harvest disease management of spinach. It begins by providing background on the origin and growth of spinach. It then outlines the main microbial pathogens that affect spinach, including fungal diseases like downy mildew, anthracnose, and white rust, as well as viral diseases like cucumber mosaic virus. It also discusses bacterial diseases and non-microbial pathogens like various insects and pests. Finally, it covers sowing problems related to environmental factors and nutrient deficiencies and provides recommendations for disease management and control through integrated pest management practices.
3. Introduction
Orange as a source of nutrition
Health benefits of orange
Ingredients for preparation of squash
Processes involved in making of squash
Syrup Making
Preparation of orange juice
Making of Squash
Sterilization of Jars/Bottles
Filling of Bottles
References
CONTENTS
4. ORANGE FRUIT
The orange contains a number of
distinct segments inside, typically about
ten, each delimited by a membrane, and
containing many juice-filled vesicles and
usually a few seeds.
The energy value
per 100 g serving of
the orange fruit is
197kJ or 47kCal.
Oranges grow in a range of
different sizes, and shapes varying
from spherical to oblong.
Fresh oranges are rich source of
Vitamin C and fulfills the 16% of
the daily requirement of dietary
fiber.
5. You can Resize without
losing quality
You can Change Fill
Color &
Line Color
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TEMPLATES
Cholesterol Free product
Good source of fiber
Low fat product
High in Antioxidants
High in Vitamin C
Good source of Nutrition
6. HEALTH BENEFITS OF
ORANGE
Excellent source of
Fiber.
Improve Hair
and Skin Health.
Support Eye
Health
Packed With
Nutrients.
High in
Antioxidants
Boost Immunity
8. PROCESSES INVOLVED
Making of
Sugar Syrup
Extraction of
Orange Juice
Squash
Making
Sterilization of
Jars/Bottles
01 02 03 04 05 06
Filling of Squash
in Bottles
Bon Appetite
07
9. SYRUP MAKING
Dissolve the sugar in water in a large saucepan or pot.
Add lemon juice and stir. Let the sugar solution reach to
boiling point.
Lower the flame and simmer for 4 to 5 minutes till the
sugar solution thickens a bit.
You don't need any thread consistency.
Just a slightly thick and sticky flowing sugar solution.
Remove from the pan and let the solution become warm.
Filter the sugar solution to remove the impurities.
Let the sugar solution cool at room temperature.
10. Next, peel and chop the oranges.
In a blender, add 1/3 or 1/2 of the oranges
or as much as the capacity of your blender.
Keep on pulsing for some seconds till the
oranges have been crushed very well.
Then strain the orange juice through a
juice strainer.
Press the pulp with a spoon so that all the
juice is strained away.
EXTRACTION OF
ORANGE JUICE
11. Add the strained orange juice to the sugar syrup and stir.
We need to add the orange juice immediately, so that it does
not become bitter.
Now work again juicing the oranges in batches and then adding
them to the sugar syrup.
You can also use an electric juicer to juice the oranges.
SQUASH
FORMULATION
12. Take 1/4 cup of the orange squash in a cup or bowl.
Stir in the potassium metabisulphite very well so that it is completely
dissolved in the water.
Add this preservative solution to the orange squash. stir again very
well.
Pour the orange squash in the sterilized jars or bottles.
Close tightly with its lid and let is stay for some hours, about 3-4
hours outside at room temperature.
Later refrigerate the orange squash jars or bottles.
13. You can Resize without
losing quality
You can Change Fill
Color &
Line Color
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STERILIZATION OF JARS
In a large pot, bring enough water to a boil so that
your canning jar or bottle gets completely
immersed in it.
Place the glass jar in it and its lid separately in the
hot water.
Continue to boil for further 8 to 10 minutes.
With the help of canning tongs or regular clean
tongs, remove the jar and the lid and keep aside