This document discusses post-harvest disease management of spinach. It begins by providing background on the origin and growth of spinach. It then outlines the main microbial pathogens that affect spinach, including fungal diseases like downy mildew, anthracnose, and white rust, as well as viral diseases like cucumber mosaic virus. It also discusses bacterial diseases and non-microbial pathogens like various insects and pests. Finally, it covers sowing problems related to environmental factors and nutrient deficiencies and provides recommendations for disease management and control through integrated pest management practices.

1. POST HARVEST DISEASE
MANAGEMENT OF SPINACH
MAIRA JABEEN
L1F18BSFT0021

2. ORIGINATION
• It was originated about 2000 years ago in
ancient Persia(now Iran)
• It belongs to the amaranth family.
• Spinach grows best within the temperature
range of 15 to 18 degree centigrade.
• It is ready for picking in about 40 days.
https://plantvillage.psu.edu/topics/spinach/infos
https://harvesttotable.com/spinach_growing_tips/

3. Spinacia oleracea
• Tropical vegetable
• Non climacteric vegetable
• 100 grams of raw spinach contains
Calories 23
Water 91%
Proteins 2.9 grams
Carbohydrates 3.6 grams
Sugar 0.4 grams
Fiber 2.2 grams
Fat 0.4 grams
https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/foods/spinach#nutrients

4. MICROBIAL PATHOGENS

5. FUNGAL DISEASES
 Downy Mildew
 Anthracnose
 White Rust

6. Downy mildew
• It is caused by a fungus-like organism (Oomycete).
• It spreads from plant to plant by airborne spores.
• It is a disease of wet weather as infection is favored by prolonged leaf
wetness.
• It produces discoloration on
upper surface of leaves.
http://vikaspedia.in/agriculture/crop-
production/integrated-pest-managment/ipm-for-
vegetables/ipm-strategies-for-spinach/spinach-
diseases-and-symptoms

7. Anthracnose
• Anthracnose is caused by a fungus (Colletotrichum spinaciae).
• At initial stage
 Small, circular, water soaked lesions are formed on both young and old leaves.
• At later stage
 Lesion turns brown to brownish in color, and become thin and papery.

8. White rust
• The disease is caused by Albugo
occidentalis.
• It causes:
yellow lesions on the upper leaf surface
white blister-like pustules on the
underside of the leaf.
https://plantvillage.psu.edu/topics/spinach/i
nfos

9.  Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV)
 Beet curly top virus (BCTV)
 Tobacco rattle virus (TRV)
 Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV)
https://plantvillage.psu.edu/topics/spinach/infos
VIRAL DISEASES

10. Beet Curly Top Virus
(BCTV)
Cucumber Mosaic Virus
(CMV)
• Leaves may have necrotic spots • Mosaic patterns or ringspots

11. Tobacco Rattle Virus
(TRV)
Tomato Spotted Wilt
Virus (TSWV)
• Leaves may be puckered • Overall growth of plant is poor
and stunted

12. Bacterial Diseases
• Bacterial leaf spot
• Bacterial Soft Rot

13. Bacterial leaf spot
PATHOGEN
Pseudomonas syringae pv. Spinaciae
SYMPTOMS
Numerous black spots
Frequently with a water-soaked
border.

14. Bacterial Soft Rot
Pathogen
Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. Carotivorum
Symptoms
Small, water-soaked areas
Tissue becomes soft and mushy
Gives bad odor

15. NON MICROBIAL PATHOGENS (Insects & Pest)
Leaf Miner
• Liriomyza trifolii Burgess
Spinach Crown Mite
• Rhizoglyphus sp
http://vikaspedia.in/agriculture/crop-production/integrated-pest-managment/ipm-
for-vegetables/ipm-strategies-for-spinach/spinach-pests

16. Amaranthus Weevil
• Hymenia recurvalis
Aphid
• Aphis gossypii Glover
http://vikaspedia.in/agriculture/crop-production/integrated-pest-
managment/ipm-for-vegetables/ipm-strategies-for-spinach/spinach-pests

17. Beet Armyworm
• Spodoptera exigua Hubner
Leaf Eating Caterpillar
• Helicoverpa armigera Hubner
http://vikaspedia.in/agriculture/crop-production/integrated-pest-
managment/ipm-for-vegetables/ipm-strategies-for-spinach/spinach-pests

18. SOWING PROBLEMS
• Environmental problems
• Nutrient deficiencies

19. ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
• Temperature
Seed doesn’t germinate
Below -7 C
Above 21 C
• pH
Suitable pH 6.4-6.8
sensitive to acidic pH
• Moisture (loamy soil)

20. NUTRIENT DEFICIENCIES

21. DISEASE MANAGEMENT
• Wash seed with pesticidal soap
• Sow seed in cool weather
• Grow in well drained soil
• Harvest in day time
• Cover crops with floating row covers.
• Keep garden clean(free from weed)
• Handpick caterpillars and destroy
• Destroy infected plant
https://harvesttotable.com/spinach_growing_pro
blems_troub/

22. DISEASE CONTROL
INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT
• Identification
• Inspection
• Analysis
• Prevention/control
• Monitoring
• Documentation

23. Thankyou!