The document discusses flowchart design and symbols. It explains that a flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm that shows the sequence of steps in a process or workflow. The main advantages are that flowcharts make algorithms easier to understand visually through symbols, allow for better communication of the logic, and help split problems into smaller parts. Standard flowchart symbols are described, including shapes that represent start/stop, inputs/outputs, decisions, iterations, and connecting arrows. The key difference between an algorithm and flowchart is that an algorithm explains the steps in text while a flowchart shows the same steps graphically using standardized symbols.

1. Flowchart Design
Dr. Kuppusamy .P
Associate Professor / SCOPE

2. Flow Chart
• Graphical representation of an algorithm in relation to its
sequence of functions.
• Represents a workflow or process.
Advantages:
➢ Logic is displayed with graphical symbols to make simple
understanding of an algorithm.
➢ Flowchart makes better communication to other users to
represent algorithm of a problem.
➢ Flowchart allows the problem solver to split the problem into
smaller parts. These parts can be connected to make master
chart. Dr. Kuppusamy P

3. Flow Chart Symbols
• Oval - Rectangle with rounded sides is used to indicate either
START/ STOP of the program.
• Input and output indicators - Parallelograms represent an input
and output operations.
• Process Indicators - Rectangle is used to indicate any set of
processing operations such as arithmetic operations.
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4. Flow Chart Symbols
• Decision Makers: The diamond indicates the decision making.
It tests the conditions and take suitable action depends on the
answers.
• Iterative Statements: The repeated set of instruction based on a
conditions can be written with this following symbol.
• Flow Lines: Flow lines indicate the direction being followed in
the flowchart.
Iteration
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5. Flow Chart Symbols
• Page connectors: Circles are used to join the different parts of a
flowchart called page connectors.
• Few more symbols:
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6. Flow Chart for Average of 2 Numbers
Algorithm
1. Declare Variables
2. Get input
3. Find average and assign the
value
4. Display output result
Flow Chart
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7. Difference of Flow Chart &
Algorithm
• a Algorithm Flow chart
Step-by-step logical procedure for
solving a problem
Diagrammatic representation of
an algorithm using different
symbols.
It contains step-by-step English
descriptions, each step representing a
particular operation leading to
solution of problem
The flowchart employs a series of
blocks and arrows, each of which
represents a particular step in an
algorithm
Used for Small Problems Used for detailed representations
of complex programs
For complex programs, algorithms
prove to be Inadequate
For complex programs,
Flowcharts prove to be adequate
Dr. Kuppusamy P

8. References
Dr. Kuppusamy P
• Thomas H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson, Ronald L. Rivest, Clifford Stein,
“Introduction to Algorithms”, MIT Press.
• Computer Programming – ISBN: 978- 93 – 80170 – 39 – 8