This document provides an introduction to software engineering. It discusses how software engineering is concerned with the development and maintenance of software through professional practices and methods. It notes that software costs, especially maintenance costs, are a large part of overall system costs. The document then discusses different types of software products and specifications, as well as frequently asked questions about software engineering. It emphasizes that software engineering principles should be applied to all types of software development.
Software Engineering is the set of processes and tools to develop software. Software Engineering is the combination of all the tools, techniques, and processes that used in software production. Therefore Software Engineering encompasses all those things that are used in software production like :
Programming Language
Programming Language Design
Software Design Techniques
Tools
Testing
Maintenance
Development etc.
These days object-oriented programming is widely being used. If programming languages will not support object-orientation then it will be very difficult to implement object-oriented design using object-oriented principles. All these efforts made the basis of software engineering.
An introduction to software engineering, based on the first chapter of "A (Partial) Introduction to Software Engineering
Practices and Methods" By Laurie Williams
Software development process models
Rapid Application Development (RAD) Model
Evolutionary Process Models
Spiral Model
THE FORMAL METHODS MODEL
Specialized Process Models
The Concurrent Development Model
Software Engineering is the set of processes and tools to develop software. Software Engineering is the combination of all the tools, techniques, and processes that used in software production. Therefore Software Engineering encompasses all those things that are used in software production like :
Programming Language
Programming Language Design
Software Design Techniques
Tools
Testing
Maintenance
Development etc.
These days object-oriented programming is widely being used. If programming languages will not support object-orientation then it will be very difficult to implement object-oriented design using object-oriented principles. All these efforts made the basis of software engineering.
An introduction to software engineering, based on the first chapter of "A (Partial) Introduction to Software Engineering
Practices and Methods" By Laurie Williams
Software development process models
Rapid Application Development (RAD) Model
Evolutionary Process Models
Spiral Model
THE FORMAL METHODS MODEL
Specialized Process Models
The Concurrent Development Model
Requirements analysis, also called requirements engineering, is the process of determining user expectations for a new or modified product. These features, called requirements, must be quantifiable, relevant and detailed. In software engineering, such requirements are often called functional specifications. Requirements analysis is an important aspect of project management.
Requirements analysis, also called requirements engineering, is the process of determining user expectations for a new or modified product. These features, called requirements, must be quantifiable, relevant and detailed. In software engineering, such requirements are often called functional specifications. Requirements analysis is an important aspect of project management.
Introduction to Software Engineering & Information TechnologyGaditek
For Introduction to Software Engineering & Information Technology this slide will guide you many things about Introduction to Software Engineering & Information Technology.
Model-Driven Software Engineering in Practice - Chapter 1 - IntroductionMarco Brambilla
Slides for the mdse-book.com chapter 1: Introduction
Complete set of slides now available:
Chapter 1 - http://www.slideshare.net/mbrambil/modeldriven-software-engineering-in-practice-chapter-1-introduction
Chapter 2 - http://www.slideshare.net/mbrambil/modeldriven-software-engineering-in-practice-chapter-2-mdse-principles
Chapter 3 - http://www.slideshare.net/jcabot/model-driven-software-engineering-in-practice-chapter-3-mdse-use-cases
Chapter 4 - http://www.slideshare.net/jcabot/modeldriven-software-engineering-in-practice-chapter-4
Chapter 5 - https://www.slideshare.net/mbrambil/modeldriven-software-engineering-in-practice-chapter-5-integration-of-modeldriven-in-development-processes
Chapter 6 - http://www.slideshare.net/jcabot/mdse-bookslideschapter6
Chapter 7 - http://www.slideshare.net/mbrambil/model-driven-software-engineering-in-practice-book-chapter-7-developing-your-own-modeling-language
Chapter 8 - http://www.slideshare.net/jcabot/modeldriven-software-engineering-in-practice-chapter-8-modeltomodel-transformations
Chapter 9 - https://www.slideshare.net/mbrambil/model-driven-software-engineering-in-practice-book-chapter-9-model-to-text-transformations-and-code-generation
Chapter 10 - http://www.slideshare.net/jcabot/mdse-bookslideschapter10managingmodels
This book discusses how approaches based on modeling can improve the daily practice of software professionals. This is known as Model-Driven Software Engineering (MDSE) or, simply, Model-Driven Engineering (MDE).
MDSE practices have proved to increase efficiency and effectiveness in software development. MDSE adoption in the software industry is foreseen to grow exponentially in the near future, e.g., due to the convergence of software development and business analysis.
This book is an agile and flexible tool to introduce you to the MDE and MDSE world, thus allowing you to quickly understand its basic principles and techniques and to choose the right set of MDE instruments for your needs so that you can start to benefit from MDE right away.
The first part discusses the foundations of MDSE in terms of basic concepts (i.e., models and transformations), driving principles, application scenarios and current standards, like the wellknown MDA initiative proposed by OMG (Object Management Group) as well as the practices on how to integrate MDE in existing development processes.
The second part deals with the technical aspects of MDSE, spanning from the basics on when and how to build a domain-specific modeling language, to the description of Model-to-Text and Model-to-Model transformations, and the tools that support the management of MDE projects.
The book covers introductory and technical topics, spanning definitions and orientation in the MD* world, metamodeling, domain specific languages, model transformations, reverse engineering, OMG's MDA, UML, OCL, ATL, QVT, MOF, Eclipse, EMF, GMF, TCS, xText.
http://www.mdse-book.com
The importance of software since there is were the motivation for software engineering lies and then and introduction to software engineering mentioning the concept and stages of development and working in teams
SE - Lecture 1 - Introduction to S Engineering.pptxTangZhiSiang
Agenda
Software Engineering?
Professional software development
What is meant by software engineering.
Overview of Software Industry
A brief introduction to the overview of software industry
History and development of software industry
Case studies and Emerging trends
Software Engineering - Ch1 introduction
This material is based on chapter 1 of “Software Engineering (l0th Edition)” by Ian Sommerville. Addison Wesley, 2015, ISBN-10: 0137035152.
https://iansommerville.com/software-engineering-book/
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2. Software engineering
The economies of ALL developed nations are
dependent on software.
More and more systems are software controlled
Software engineering is concerned with theories,
methods and tools for professional software
development.
Expenditure on software represents a
significant fraction of GNP in all developed countries.
3. Software costs
Software costs often dominate computer system costs.
The costs of software on a PC are often greater than the
hardware cost.
Software costs more to maintain than it does to develop.
For systems with a long life, maintenance costs may be
several times development costs.
Software engineering is concerned with cost-effective
software development.
4. Software products
Generic products
Stand-alone systems that are marketed and sold to any
customer who wishes to buy them.
Examples – PC software such as graphics programs, project
management tools; CAD software; software for specific markets
such as appointments systems for dentists.
Customized products
Software that is commissioned by a specific customer to meet
their own needs.
Examples – embedded control systems, air traffic control
software, traffic monitoring systems.
Introduction 4
5. Product specification
Generic products
The specification of what the software should do is owned by the
software developer and decisions on software change are made
by the developer.
Customized products
The specification of what the software should do is owned by the
customer for the software and they make decisions on software
changes that are required.
Introduction 5
6. Frequently asked questions about software
engineering
Introduction 6
Question Answer
What is software? Computer programs and associated documentation.
Software products may be developed for a particular
customer or may be developed for a general market.
What are the attributes of good software? Good software should deliver the required functionality
and performance to the user and should be
maintainable, dependable and usable.
What is software engineering? Software engineering is an engineering discipline that is
concerned with all aspects of software production.
What are the fundamental software
engineering activities?
Software specification, software development, software
validation and software evolution.
What is the difference between software
engineering and computer science?
Computer science focuses on theory and fundamentals;
software engineering is concerned with the practicalities
of developing and delivering useful software.
What is the difference between software
engineering and system engineering?
System engineering is concerned with all aspects of
computer-based systems development including
hardware, software and process engineering. Software
engineering is part of this more general process.
7. Frequently asked questions about software
engineering
Question Answer
What are the key challenges facing
software engineering?
Coping with increasing diversity, demands for reduced
delivery times and developing trustworthy software.
What are the costs of software
engineering?
Roughly 60% of software costs are development costs,
40% are testing costs. For custom software, evolution
costs often exceed development costs.
What are the best software engineering
techniques and methods?
While all software projects have to be professionally
managed and developed, different techniques are
appropriate for different types of system. For example,
games should always be developed using a series of
prototypes whereas safety critical control systems require
a complete and analyzable specification to be developed.
You can’t, therefore, say that one method is better than
another.
What differences has the web made to
software engineering?
The web has led to the availability of software services
and the possibility of developing highly distributed service-
based systems. Web-based systems development has led
to important advances in programming languages and
software reuse.
Introduction 7
8. Essential attributes of good software
Introduction 8
Product characteristic Description
Maintainability Software should be written in such a way so that it can evolve to
meet the changing needs of customers. This is a critical attribute
because software change is an inevitable requirement of a
changing business environment.
Dependability and
security
Software dependability includes a range of characteristics
including reliability, security and safety. Dependable software
should not cause physical or economic damage in the event of
system failure. Malicious users should not be able to access or
damage the system.
Efficiency Software should not make wasteful use of system resources such
as memory and processor cycles. Efficiency therefore includes
responsiveness, processing time, memory utilisation, etc.
Acceptability Software must be acceptable to the type of users for which it is
designed. This means that it must be understandable, usable and
compatible with other systems that they use.
9. Software engineering
Software engineering is an engineering discipline that is
concerned with all aspects of software production from
the early stages of system specification through to
maintaining the system after it has gone into use.
Engineering discipline
Using appropriate theories and methods to solve problems
bearing in mind organizational and financial constraints.
All aspects of software production
Not just technical process of development. Also project
management and the development of tools, methods etc. to
support software production.
Introduction 9
10. Importance of software engineering
More and more, individuals and society rely on advanced
software systems. We need to be able to produce
reliable and trustworthy systems economically and
quickly.
It is usually cheaper, in the long run, to use software
engineering methods and techniques for software
systems rather than just write the programs as if it was a
personal programming project. For most types of
system, the majority of costs are the costs of changing
the software after it has gone into use.
Introduction 10
11. Software process activities
Software specification, where customers and engineers
define the software that is to be produced and the
constraints on its operation.
Software development, where the software is designed
and programmed.
Software validation, where the software is checked to
ensure that it is what the customer requires.
Software evolution, where the software is modified to
reflect changing customer and market requirements.
Introduction 11
12. General issues that affect most software
Heterogeneity
Increasingly, systems are required to operate as distributed
systems across networks that include different types of computer
and mobile devices.
Business and social change
Business and society are changing incredibly quickly as
emerging economies develop and new technologies become
available. They need to be able to change their existing software
and to rapidly develop new software.
Security and trust
As software is intertwined with all aspects of our lives, it is
essential that we can trust that software.
Introduction 12
13. Software engineering diversity
There are many different types of software system and
there is no universal set of software techniques that is
applicable to all of these.
The software engineering methods and tools used
depend on the type of application being developed, the
requirements of the customer and the background of the
development team.
Introduction 13
14. Application types
Stand-alone applications
These are application systems that run on a local computer,
such as a PC. They include all necessary functionality and do
not need to be connected to a network.
Interactive transaction-based applications
Applications that execute on a remote computer and are
accessed by users from their own PCs or terminals. These
include web applications such as e-commerce applications.
Embedded control systems
These are software control systems that control and manage
hardware devices. Numerically, there are probably more
embedded systems than any other type of system.
Introduction 14
15. Application types
Batch processing systems
These are business systems that are designed to process data
in large batches. They process large numbers of individual
inputs to create corresponding outputs.
Entertainment systems
These are systems that are primarily for personal use and which
are intended to entertain the user.
Systems for modeling and simulation
These are systems that are developed by scientists and
engineers to model physical processes or situations, which
include many, separate, interacting objects.
Introduction 15
16. Application types
Data collection systems
These are systems that collect data from their environment using
a set of sensors and send that data to other systems for
processing.
Systems of systems
These are systems that are composed of a number of other
software systems.
Introduction 16
17. Software engineering fundamentals
Some fundamental principles apply to all types of
software system, irrespective of the development
techniques used:
Systems should be developed using a managed and understood
development process. Of course, different processes are used
for different types of software.
Dependability and performance are important for all types of
system.
Understanding and managing the software specification and
requirements (what the software should do) are important.
Where appropriate, you should reuse software that has already
been developed rather than write new software.
Chapter 1 Introduction 17
18. Software engineering and the web
The Web is now a platform for running application and
organizations are increasingly developing web-based
systems rather than local systems.
Web services allow application functionality to be
accessed over the web.
Cloud computing is an approach to the provision of
computer services where applications run remotely on
the ‘cloud’.
Users do not buy software buy pay according to use.
Chapter 1 Introduction 18
19. Web software engineering
Software reuse is the dominant approach for constructing
web-based systems.
When building these systems, you think about how you can
assemble them from pre-existing software components and systems.
Web-based systems should be developed and delivered
incrementally.
It is now generally recognized that it is impractical to specify all the
requirements for such systems in advance.
User interfaces are constrained by the capabilities of web
browsers.
Technologies such as AJAX allow rich interfaces to be created within
a web browser but are still difficult to use. Web forms with local
scripting are more commonly used.
Chapter 1 Introduction 19
20. Web-based software engineering
Web-based systems are complex distributed systems
but the fundamental principles of software engineering
discussed previously are as applicable to them as they
are to any other types of system.
The fundamental ideas of software engineering,
discussed in the previous section, apply to web-based
software in the same way that they apply to other types
of software system.
Chapter 1 Introduction 20