Algorithm & Flowchart

1. The Teacher
M.S.P.Mandal’s
Vinayakrao Patil Mahavidyalaya,Vaijapur
Department of Computer Science
Topic: Algorithm and Flowchart

2. The Teacher
Algorithm and Flowchart
Algorithm :
• Before solving a problem, one should know what to do, how to do it, and what types of steps
should be taken. So, an algorithm is a step-by-step method for solving a problem.
• An algorithm refers to a set of instructions that define the execution of work to get the
expected results.
• To make the program work properly, we must have to properly design the algorithm.
• Designing the algorithm helps to utilize the computing resources effectively.
• Generally, the algorithms are written in natural language or in plain English language.
• We can represent algorithms via flowcharts, pseudo code, and others.
Algorithm and Flowchart

3. The Teacher
Algorithm and Flowchart
Advantages of algorithm
• Algorithms are easy to write.
• There is a use of human-readable techniques to understand logic.
• For big problems, algorithms can be written with moderate steps.
Disadvantages of algorithm
• Algorithms are difficult to debug.
• It is hard to show branches and loops using an algorithm.
• Jumping (or goto statements) makes the algorithm hard to trace the problems.
Algorithm and Flowchart

4. The Teacher
Algorithm and Flowchart
• Now, let's see an example of an algorithm.
• Example: Write an algorithm to print the numbers from 1 to 20.
Algorithm:
Step 1: Initialize a variable 'x' as 0,
Step 2: Increment the variable 'x' by 1,
Step 3: Print the variable 'x'
Step 4: If 'x' is less than 20, then go back to step 2. Otherwise, go to the next step.
Step 5: Exit.
Algorithm and Flowchart

5. The Teacher
Algorithm and Flowchart
Flow Chart
• Flow chart is the pictorial representation of any given task or problem or program.
Or
• The Flowchart is the most widely used graphical representation of an algorithm
Advantages of Flow Charts
Here are some of the main and primary advantages of using the flow charts are:
1. Effective Analysis - Using flow chart, any problem can be analyzed in more effective way
2. Communication - Flowcharts are much better way of communicating any logic of a system
to all concerned.
3. Efficient Coding - Every flowcharts acts as a guide or blueprint during the systems analysis
and program development phase
Algorithm and Flowchart

6. The Teacher
Algorithm and Flowchart
4. Proper Debugging - The flowcharts helps in debugging process
5. Efficient Program Maintenance - The maintenance of operating program becomes very
easy using flowcharts.
6. Proper Documentation - Program flowcharts serve as a good program
documentation, which is needed for various purposes
Disadvantages of Flow Charts
Here are the list of some primary or main disadvantages of flowcharts for any given problem:
1. Complex Logic - Sometime, the given program logic is quit complicated. In that case, it
becomes very difficult task to design or draw a flowchart for that problem or program. In
that case, algorithm helps a lot
2. Alterations and Modifications - If we want to alter or change any logic of the program in
the flowchart, then we have to re-draw the whole flowchart which is very irritating.
Algorithm and Flowchart

7. The Teacher
Algorithm and Flowchart
Basic Symbols used in Flow Chart
– The American National Standard Institute (ANSI) has standardized these given basic flow chart symbols
 Terminal
• Terminal symbol is used to indicate the start and end of the program.
• Here is the symbol of terminal:
 Input/Output
• A parallelogram is used to represent an input and output representation or operation. Here is
the demo symbol of a input/output used in flowchart:
Start/ End
Input/Output
Algorithm and Flowchart

8. The Teacher
Algorithm and Flowchart
 Processing Symbol
• To represent any processing operation in flowchart, we have to use the rectangle symbol.
Here is the demo symbol of rectangle used in drawing flowchart to use storage or arithmetic
operation:
 Decision Symbol
• To indicate the step of decision making statement, we have to use diamond shaped box. Here
is the demo symbol of diamond shaped box:
 Flow of Lines
• Flow of lines indicates the path of logic flow in a program. Between each boxes used in
flowchart, we have to use lines to indicate where the program flow goes. Here is the demo
symbol of lines flow:
Algorithm and Flowchart
Processing
Decision

9. The Teacher
Algorithm and Flowchart
Example:
• flowchart for addition of two numbers
Algorithm and Flowchart

10. The Teacher
Algorithm and Flowchart
Thank You….!
Algorithm and Flowchart