The document discusses algorithms and flowcharts. It defines an algorithm as a sequence of steps to solve a problem and notes they can be expressed in various notations like pseudocode and programming languages. It then defines a flowchart as a diagram that represents an algorithm using symbolic shapes and describes the common shapes used in flowcharts like rectangles, diamonds, and arrows. Examples of flowcharts that compute sums and averages are provided.

1. Zeinna Belle C. Desamito
Melissa Mae B. Ibarra
9-SSC-Lavoisier
and

2. A computer is a useful tool for solving a
great variety of problems. To make a computer
do anything, you have to write a computer
program. In a computer you tell a computer,
step by step, exactly what you want it do. The
computer then executes the program, following
each step mechanically, to accomplish the end
goal.

3. Look around you. Computers and networks are
everywhere. In mathematics and computer science an
algorithm is a finite sequence of step expressed for
solving a problem. An algorithm can be defined as “a
process that performs some sequence of operation in
order to solve a given problem”. Algorithms are used for
calculation, data processing and many other fields. A
good algorithm is like using the right tool in the
workshop. It does the job with the right amount of
effort.

4. Algorithms can be expressed in many different notations,
including pseudocode, flowchart and programming languages.
Pseudocode and flowcharts are structured ways to express
algorithms. Programming languages are primarily intended for
expressing algorithms in a form that can be executed by a computer,
but are often used to define or document algorithms. Sometimes it is
helpful in the description of an algorithm to supplement small
flowcharts with natural language and/or arithmetic expressions
written inside block diagrams to summarize what the flowcharts are
accomplishing.

5. The use of algorithm provides a number of
benefits. By using an algorithm, decision making
becomes more rational. Problems that would be
difficult to solve in entirely can be answered easily
as small series. An algorithm serves as a mnemonic
device and helps ensure that variables or parts of
the problem are not ignored.

6. A flowchart is a type of diagram (graphical or symbolic) that
represents an algorithm or process. Each step in process is
represented by a different symbol and contains a short description
of the process step.
A flowchart describes what operations are required to solve
a given problem.
Flowcharts are used in analyzing, designing, documenting,
or managing a process or program in various fields.

7. To communicate with others how a process is done.
A flowchart is generally used when a new project begins in
order to plan for the project.
A flowchart helps to clarify how things are currently
working
and how they could be improved.
Flowcharts also uncover steps that are redundant or
misplaced.

8. Picture Shape Name Action
Represented
Oval Terminal Symbol Represents start
and end of program
Parallelogram Input/Output Indicates input and
output

9. Rectangle Process This represents
processing of action.
e.g. mathematical
operator
Diamond Decision Since computer only
answer the question
yes/no, this is used to
represent logical test
for the program.
Hexagon Initialization/
Preparation
This is used to prepare
memory for repetition
of an action.
Arrow Lines & Arrow
Heads
Direction This shows the flow of
the program

10. Annotation This is used to
describe action or
variable.
Circle On page connector This is used to show
connector or part of
program to another
part.
Pentagon Off- page connnector This is used to
connect part of a
program to another
part on the other
page or paper.

11. These are the basic symbols used generally.
Now, the basic guidelines for drawing a flowchart
with the above symbols are that:
 In drawing a proper flowchart, all necessary requirements
should be listed out in logical order.
 The flowchart is to be read left to right or top to bottom.
 A process symbol can have only one flow line coming out
of it.
 For a decision symbol, only one flow line can enter it, but
multiple lines can leave it to denote possible answers.
 The terminal symbols can only have one flow line in
conjunction with them.

12. Sequence of a Flowchart

14. • Design a flowchart that will accept and
display a number. Write its equivalent
algorithms.

15. Algorithm:
Step 1. Read in the
value of N.
Step 2. Print the
value of N.
START
Read N
Print N
END

16. • Construct a flowchart that will compute and
print the sum of and average of 3 numbers.
Write each equivalent algorithm.

17. Algorithm:
Step 1: Inizialization of the sum and
average into 0.
Step 2: Input a,b,c
Step 3: Compute sum by adding a,b,
and c then compute the average by
dividing the sum of a,b and c by 3
Step 4: Print the computed sum and
average
START
SUM=0
READ A,B, C
Print Sum,
Average
END
SUM= A+B+C
AVERAGE =
(A+B+C)/3

18. •Draw a flowchart that computes and
prints the area of a rectangle. Write each
equivalent algorithm.

19. Algorithm:
1. Initialize Area into a
2. Input the value of length and
width
3. Compute for the area
4. Print the area
START
A = 0
Input lw
A = l*w Print A END

21. • Construct flowchart that will compute
& print the sum and average of a 4th gr.
periods. Write its algorithm.
• Construct a flowchart that will
compute and print the sum of and
average of 2 numbers. Write each
equivalent algorithm.

22.  Algorithm is the sequence of steps to be performed in order to solve a
problem by the computer.
 Algorithms can be expressed in many different notations, including
pseudocode, flowchart and programming languages.
 Programming languages are primarily intended for expressing algorithms in
a form that can be executed by a computer, but are often used to define or
document algorithms.
 A flowchart is a type of diagram (graphical or symbolic) that represents an
algorithm or process. Each step in process is represented by a different
symbol and contains a short description of the process step.
 Flowcharts are used in analyzing, designing, documenting, or managing a
process or program in various fields.