This document summarizes information about flies, mosquitoes, and the medical conditions they can transmit. It discusses the morphology, life cycles, disease transmission, and taxonomy of flies like houseflies and sandflies, and mosquitoes like Anopheles, Culex, and Aedes. Key points covered include the role of these insects in transmitting diseases like malaria, dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis, and filariasis through mechanical or biological means depending on the insect and disease.
Mosquitoes vectors of malaria and their controlnelson oru
Mosquitoes: introduction
There are about 3000 species of mosquito, of which about 100 are vectors of human diseases
Mosquitoes and ticks account for the majority of transmissions of the most important vector-borne diseases, although some close relatives of mosquitoes also get involved, including sand flies and black flies.
Mosquitoes: behavior
Female mosquitoes feed on animals and humans
Attracted by the body odours, carbon dioxide and heat emitted from the animal or person
Some species prefer biting at certain hours, for example at dusk and dawn or in the middle of the night
Feeding usually takes place during the night but daytime biting also occurs
Some species prefer to feed in forests, some outside of houses, others indoors.
The non-biting flies are one of the most important pest group because they are not only nuisance pests, but many are also important in disease transmission.
2) Flies feed on a variety of food materials but most of those of structural importance develop in either fermenting or decaying organic matter, although a few are parasitic on other animals. Fly control is often quite challenging because their larval developmental sites must usually be located and eliminated for success, and these sites may be some distance from where the adults are nuisance. Also, flies may invade the walls and attics of structures in large numbers to overwinter, presenting winter-time control challenge.
Mosquitoes vectors of malaria and their controlnelson oru
Mosquitoes: introduction
There are about 3000 species of mosquito, of which about 100 are vectors of human diseases
Mosquitoes and ticks account for the majority of transmissions of the most important vector-borne diseases, although some close relatives of mosquitoes also get involved, including sand flies and black flies.
Mosquitoes: behavior
Female mosquitoes feed on animals and humans
Attracted by the body odours, carbon dioxide and heat emitted from the animal or person
Some species prefer biting at certain hours, for example at dusk and dawn or in the middle of the night
Feeding usually takes place during the night but daytime biting also occurs
Some species prefer to feed in forests, some outside of houses, others indoors.
The non-biting flies are one of the most important pest group because they are not only nuisance pests, but many are also important in disease transmission.
2) Flies feed on a variety of food materials but most of those of structural importance develop in either fermenting or decaying organic matter, although a few are parasitic on other animals. Fly control is often quite challenging because their larval developmental sites must usually be located and eliminated for success, and these sites may be some distance from where the adults are nuisance. Also, flies may invade the walls and attics of structures in large numbers to overwinter, presenting winter-time control challenge.
Medical entomology "the need to know about little creatures"vckg1987
very important tpic for public health expertise. this presentation includes the from womgb to tomb of mosquitoes. which in clear sense means from their larval life cycle to control management.
An introduction to Medical Parasitologyrinki singh
Medical parasitology: “the study and medical implications of parasites that infect humans”. A parasite: “a living organism that acquires some of its basic ...
Nematode .......parasites of human and further phylogenetic considerationAnzaDar3
Phylum Nematoda
Some important Nematode Parasites of Human
The giant intestinal roundworm of humans
The Human Pinworm
The new World Hookworm
The Porkworm
The Filarial Worm
Further Phylogenetic Considerations
References
you can find answers to what are insects, evolution, why are they dominant creatures on earth, population size, where they are found, life cycle, how insects see, etc.,
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
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Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2. medical conditions related to
A.Flies
B.Mosquito
introduction
• Flies and mosquitoe are classes of insecta
• Insecta classify into four orders according to medical
important and are:
1. Order Anoplura (lice). 2. Order Siphonaptera (fleas).
3. Order Hemiptera (bugs). 4. Order Diptera (mosquitoes and flies).
3. Fly
Order Diptera.) flies are insects of
the order Diptera, the name being derived from
the Greek di = two, and ptera = wings.(
The medical important species:
Muscidae, Calliphoridae,
Sarcophagidae, Oestrodae
6. Morphology and habits which
related to disease transmission
Short legs and big abdomen, the whole body bear hairs;
Lapping mouthparts.
Interdigital pod is supplied with glandular hairs, it also can
secrete mucus
Flies excrete and regurgitate their partially digested meals
over food.
Flies have dirt habits of feeding indiscriminately on both
excreta and foods.
7. Fly and Diseases
Mechanical transmission:
Cholera, Typhoid fever, Bacillary dysentery,
Amebic dysentery, Helminthiasis
Biological transmission:
African trypanosomiasis
Bloodsucking flies：tsetse flies
Myiasis :
Caused by the parasitism of
fly larva.
8. Order Diptera , Psychodidae
Medical important:
Phlebotomus chinensis
Ph. c. longiductus
Vector of Leishmaniasis.
Sandfly
9. Morphology
Tiny, dark, hairy body
Head: large black eyes, short sucking
mouthparts,
long filiform antennae
Thorax: humpback erect V shaped
position of the wings at rest.
10. Life cycle Complete metamorphosis, 6-9w
Egg
Larva(4 instars)
PupaAdult
The eggs turn dark
after being laid and
have sculpted surface.
Pupae are naked.
11. Ecology
Distribute in North areas of Yangtse River.
Both sexes feed on plant juice and sugary
secretions. Only the females suck blood.
One generation a year. The population density
peak occurs in summer.
The stage of hibernation: larva.
12. Sandflies and disease
Leishmaniasis The adult sandfly is the
only stage in transmission
Bartonellosis
sandfly fever
Vector of Leishmaniasis
Sucking blood
13. MOSQUITO
Mosquito belongs to Class Insecta,
Order Diptera, Family Culicidae.
There are more than 3300 species of mosquitoes
belong to 38 genera.
14. Questions:
1. How to distinguish the female mosquitoes from
the male?
2. What are the main effect of antennae in finding
host?
3. Why don’t the male mosquitoes suck blood?
Head Piercing and sucking mouthparts.
Slender proboscis
Morphology
18. Culex: Cylindrical, no float. They are laid stuck
together in “egg’s rafts.
Egg
Anopheles Culex Aedes
Life cycle
Anopheles: Boat-shaped, laid single and float on
the water surface.
Aedes :Olive-shaped, laid single on the bottom of
water
20. Ecology
Breeding habit
Five types of breeding site:
Paddy fields
Slowly flow water
Jungle areas
Dirty water
Container water
21. Bloodsucking habit
Both male and female mosquitoes take nectar
as source of energy.
Only females take blood after mating for
production of eggs.
22. Resting habit
After having a blood meal, the female
mosquito find a place for resting.
Endophilic type: rest inside house for blood
digestion and maturation of the ovaries.
Half Endophilic type : rest inside house for a
while, then fly to outdoor.
Exophilic type : feed and rest outside.
23. Gontrophic cycle: The period from feeding
blood to laying eggs.
Physiological age: the times of spending
gontrophic cycle.
24. Activity
Anopheles ：act in the evenings, at night or in
the early morning.
Culex：feed at night.
Aedes：feed during the day or early evening.
26. As vectors, mosquitoes can transmit lots of arbo-diseases.
Arbo-disease Mosquito Epidemic area
1.malaria Anopheles sinensis Plain areas
A. anthropophagus Mountain or hilly areas
in South China
A. minimus Mountain or hilly areas
in South China
A. dirus Jungle areas of Hainan
2. Japanese B
encephalitis
Culex tritaeniorhynchus Paddy field
3. Falariasis Culex pipiens pallens
C.p. quinquefasciantus
As a vector of Filariasis
bancrofti in North areas
of Yangtse river
Anopheles sinensis
A. anthropophagus
As a vector of filariasis
malayi
4. Dengue fever Aedes aegypti
A.albopicutus
Tropical areas
In China: Hainan,
Guangdong etc
