Termites are social insects and live in colonies which are usually located in ground or in wood. Most termites feed on cellulose from wood and wood by-products such as paper; some tropical species feed on fungi, lichens etc.
Termites are usually divided into 3 groups based on the location of there colony; the Subterranean , the Drywood and the Dampwood termites. The biology and habitat of each group are different, so a detailed knowledge of each is necessary for effective control.
If you want to know how to kill fleas, then it is important to first know what the life cycle of the flea is so you can fight them in all stages of life.
Order Neuroptera
Haseeb Kamran | Mphil Wildlife and Ecology GIS & Remote Sensing Lab | University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore (Ravi Campus).
00923486311164
The non-biting flies are one of the most important pest group because they are not only nuisance pests, but many are also important in disease transmission.
2) Flies feed on a variety of food materials but most of those of structural importance develop in either fermenting or decaying organic matter, although a few are parasitic on other animals. Fly control is often quite challenging because their larval developmental sites must usually be located and eliminated for success, and these sites may be some distance from where the adults are nuisance. Also, flies may invade the walls and attics of structures in large numbers to overwinter, presenting winter-time control challenge.
Social organization and social behaviour in insectsPoojaVishnoi7
Introduction
Properties of a society
Advantages of a society
Disadvantages of a society
Social organisation and social behaviour in insects:-
1. Termites
2.Honeybees
3.Ants
4.Yellow wasp
Termites are social insects and live in colonies which are usually located in ground or in wood. Most termites feed on cellulose from wood and wood by-products such as paper; some tropical species feed on fungi, lichens etc.
Termites are usually divided into 3 groups based on the location of there colony; the Subterranean , the Drywood and the Dampwood termites. The biology and habitat of each group are different, so a detailed knowledge of each is necessary for effective control.
If you want to know how to kill fleas, then it is important to first know what the life cycle of the flea is so you can fight them in all stages of life.
Order Neuroptera
Haseeb Kamran | Mphil Wildlife and Ecology GIS & Remote Sensing Lab | University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore (Ravi Campus).
00923486311164
The non-biting flies are one of the most important pest group because they are not only nuisance pests, but many are also important in disease transmission.
2) Flies feed on a variety of food materials but most of those of structural importance develop in either fermenting or decaying organic matter, although a few are parasitic on other animals. Fly control is often quite challenging because their larval developmental sites must usually be located and eliminated for success, and these sites may be some distance from where the adults are nuisance. Also, flies may invade the walls and attics of structures in large numbers to overwinter, presenting winter-time control challenge.
Social organization and social behaviour in insectsPoojaVishnoi7
Introduction
Properties of a society
Advantages of a society
Disadvantages of a society
Social organisation and social behaviour in insects:-
1. Termites
2.Honeybees
3.Ants
4.Yellow wasp
Elementary introduction to the scientific method focusing on variables. This is the first of a two part lesson on the scientific method which focuses variables and the later one covers the procedures of the scientific method, at about the 5th and 6th grade level.
The second slide show is called Scientific Method Procedures.
Blu-ray Disc (also known as BD or Blu-Ray) is an optical disc storage,designed to Upgrade the contemporaystandard DVD format. It is a High Definitjion Audio- Video Device.
The objective of this project is to design a complete wireless automated menu as well as billing in restaurant using Arduino board, Zigbee & touch screen.
Insect order collembola are also known as Springtails. here the detail about this order mentioned like what are its families and what are its economic importances.
Fresh cut vegitation a non-generic name, are any of 47 species of.pdfsudheerforce
Fresh cut vegitation:
a non-generic name, are any of 47 species of leaf-chewing ants belonging to the two genera Atta
and Acromyrmex. These species of tropical, fungus-growing ants are all endemic to South and
Central America, Mexico, and parts of the southern United States. Leafcutter ants can carry more
than 5000 times their body weight and cut and process fresh vegetation (leaves, flowers, and
grasses) to serve as the nutritional substrate for their fungal cultivars.
Acromyrmex and Atta ants have much in common anatomically; however, the two can be
identified by their external differences. Atta ants have three pairs of spines and a smooth
exoskeleton on the upper surface of the thorax, while Acromyrmex ants have four pairs and a
rough exoskeleton.
Ants:
Ants are eusocial insects of the family Formicidae and, along with the related wasps and bees,
belong to the order Hymenoptera.Ants form colonies that range in size from a few dozen
predatory individuals living in small natural cavities to highly organised colonies that may
occupy large territories and consist of millions of individuals. Larger colonies consist mostly of
sterile, wingless females forming castes of \"workers\", \"soldiers\", or other specialised groups.
Nearly all ant colonies also have some fertile males called \"drones\" and one or more fertile
females called \"queens\". The colonies are described as superorganisms because the ants appear
to operate as a unified entity, collectively working together to support the colony. Ants have
colonised almost every landmass on Earth. The only places lacking indigenous ants are
Antarctica and a few remote or inhospitable islands.
Actinobacter:
Actinobacteria is a phylum of gram-positive bacteria. They can be terrestrial or aquatic. They
are of great economic importance to humans because agriculture and forests depend on their
contributions to soil systems. In soil, they behave much like fungi, helping to decompose the
organic matter of dead organisms so that the molecules can be taken up anew by plants. In this
role the colonies often grow extensive mycelia, like a fungus would, and the name of an
important order of the phylum, Actinomycetales
Fertilizers:
Bio-fertilizers provide \"eco-friendly\" organic agro-input. Bio-fertilizers such as Rhizobium,
Azotobacter, Azospirilium and blue green algae (BGA) have been in use a long time.
Rhizobiuminoculant is used for leguminous crops. Azotobacter can be used with crops like
wheat, maize, mustard, cotton, potato and other vegetable crops. Azospirillum inoculations are
recommended mainly for sorghum, millets, maize, sugarcane and wheat. Blue green algae
belonging to a general cyanobacteria genus, Nostoc or Anabaena or Tolypothrix or Aulosira, fix
atmospheric nitrogen and are used as inoculations for paddy crop grown both under upland and
low-land conditions. Anabaena in association with water fern Azolla contributes nitrogen up to
60 kg/ha/season and also enriches soils with organic matter
A.
Kitchen gardening beneficial insects ad other biological control 5 By Mr Al...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Kitchen gardening beneficial insects ad other biological control 5 By Mr Allah Dad Khan Agriculture Consultant KPK Pakistan In Training of Kitchen Gardening
It's a very important topic on Environmental Hygiene and its a part of Community Health Nursing. Here is brief description on Arthropod. Its specially for Nursing Students.
Order hemiptera and their generalized and specialized characteristics. Their Anatomy physiology habit habitat about food reproduction where they live. Aphids cicades hoppers with diagrams. Leaf hoppers bed bugs water bugs.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
4. The name came from the Greek words humen and pteron,
meaning membrane and wing.
Holometabolous insects.
They have egg, larval, pupal, and adult stages.
They are one of the five megadiverse insect orders
they are cosmopolitan ,but most species occure in tropics
they include phytophagous,parasitoid, and predatory taxa,
both solitary and highly social species.
They range in size from large to very tiny ones.
They have to pair of membraneous wings.fore wings are larger
than hind wings.
The ovipositor is used not only for laying eggs, it is also used to
pass venom and/or other secretions to the place of oviposition.
all have a haplodiploid sex determination system.
Prothorax is reduced in size forming a narrow band between
the head and mesothorax.
5.
6.
7.
8. all ants are eusocial,except a few species which secondarily lost thier
worker caste.
Ants have diverse systems of communication, but by far the most
important medium for signaling involves the chemicals known as
pheromones.
the nest is covered with nopal, dried grass, and fresh weeds to maintain
an environment suitable for survival and regrowth of the colony
Polymorphism in ants is accompanied by polyethism
Winged individuals are called alates
Workers are called repletes, store the honey in the abdomen
Not all ants are predatory. Some ants harvest grain and seeds and others
feed on insect-produced honeydew.
Antennae is geniculate.
Chewing mouthpart.
11. Reddish brown ants are well known for their
aggressiveness and stings that are used for defence.
They have alkaloidal venoms that produce a burning
sensation.
Nests are polygyne (multiple queen)
Insect venoms are effective specialized allomones
typically consisting of watersoluble proteins and
other components that are injected into the body of
an assailant.
Honeydew accounts as a sole food for them.
14. Eggs are white.
They are either fertilized or unfertilized.
Fertilized eggs produce potential queens and
workers
Unfertilized eggs produce male..
15.
16. The larval stage is composed of four instar.
Is apodous and resemble maggot.
Only the fourth instar can digest solids directly,
and it is the only path for processing of solid
food particles in the colony
The head is only weakly sclerotized or much
reduced .
18. Pupae are adecticous and exarate without
coccon.
19.
20. Adult of fire ants have two castes:
-Reproductive caste
-Worker caste
21. They are winged and fertile.
Consist of both sexes ;male and female (queen).
22. Males are haploid.
having only a single set of chromosomes.
Males produce genetically homogeneous sperm.
23.
24. Queen is diploid.
They can lay both fertilized and unfertilized eggs.
They loose their wings after mating.
They are about 7 mm long in size.
25.
26. The workers range in size from small to large
from about 2–5 mm in length.
Fire ant workers can feed only on liquids: they
have filters in their digestive tract that prevent
the ingestion of solids.
have reduced ovaries and are irreversibly sterile.
There are two main worker castes, ‘nurses’ and
‘foragers’ whose members span a wide age-size
range.
Workers have sting appartus for defence.
33. Economically:
important pests as seed distributors and as seed
harvesters, in the turnover of soils, and in the
regulation of aphid numbers and the
minimization of outbreaks of defoliating insects.
34. One oddity about fire ants is their evident attraction
to electrical fields. They frequently enter electrical
boxes such as outside air conditioners, traffic boxes,
and lights, where they chew wires and short out the
circuits.
Fire ants contract their muscles, which makes the
raft temporarily less buoyant but traps air better,
preventing drowning.
They gather up all the eggs in the colony and will
make their way up through the underground
network of tunnels, and when the flood waters rise
above the ground, they'll link up together in these
massive rafts.
38. Books :
Resh, Vincent H. and Carde, Ring T. (2003). Encycloprdia of Insects. 1st ed.
Elsevier Science.(USA). 20, 29, 31, 165, 242, 293, 415, 416, 436, 534, 535,
536, 540, 541 pp.
Gullan, P.J. and Cranston, P.S. (2005). The Insects.3rd ed. Blackwell
Publishing Ltd. USA. 17, 312, 312 pp.
Gillott, Cedric .(2005). Entomology. 3rd ed. Springer. Netherlands. 332.
Research articles:
John T. Mirenda and S. Bradleigh Vinson.(May 1981). Division of labour
and specification of castes in the red imported fire ant Solenopsis
invicta buren. Animal Behaviour, 29(2):410-420
Website :
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2011/04/pictures/110425-
fire-ants-life-rafts-swarms-science-
proceedings/?source=link_fb20110425fireantrafts#/fire-ants-form-life-
rafts-edge.