Flat panel displays are thin, lightweight electronic visual displays that use technologies like LCD, LED, OLED, and plasma. They have largely replaced bulkier CRT displays. There are two main types: volatile displays that require constant refreshing like LCDs, and static displays that maintain image without refreshing like some e-readers. Flat panels are used in devices like laptops, phones, TVs due to their thinness and portability compared to CRTs.

1. FLATPANEL DISPLAYS

2. Contents
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INTRODUCTION
TYPES OF FLAT PANEL DISPLAYS
APPLICATIONS OF FLAT PANEL
DISPLAYS
ADVANTAGES OF FLAT PANEL DISPLAYS
DISADVANTAGES OF
FLAT PANEL DISPLAYS
HOW FLAT PANEL WORK AND MANUFACTURED
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FLAT PANEL DISPLAYS AND
CRT

3. INTRODUCTION
• The first ever flat panel display was invented in
1964 at the University of Illinois.
• Flat panel displays also called Flat Screen.
• It encompass a growing number of electronic
visual display technologies.
• It enables much lighter and thinner than
traditional television set and video displays that
use cathode ray tubes (CRT).
• These are usually less than 100 mm (4 inches)
thick.

4. Types
• VOLATILE FLAT PANEL DISPLAYS
• STATIC FLAT PANEL DISPLAYS

5. Volatile Flat Panel Displays
• Volatile displays require that pixels be periodically
refreshed.
• This refresh typically occurs many times a second.
• Some examples of volatile flat panel displays :• Light-emitting diode displays (LED)
• Liquid crystal displays (LCDs)
• Organic light-emitting diode (OLED)
• Plasma displays

6. STATIC FLAT PANEL DISPLAYS
• These rely on materials whose color states
are bistable.
• This results in a much more energy-efficient
display.
• These require slow refresh rates.

7. Other Different types of flat panel
displays
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Liquid crystal display (LCD)
Plasma display panel (PDP)
Light emitting diode (LED) display
Organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs)

8. Liquid crystal display (LCD)
• LCDs are the established technology for a
broad range of
uses.
• LCDs take up less
space, weigh less
and use less power.

9. Plasma display panel (PDP)
• Their visual displays
are comparable to
cathode ray tubes,
but can be built
much thinner and flatter.
• These are not suitable
for portable and handheld devices.

10. Light emitting diode (LED) display
• These used for large, outdoor screens and
billboards.
• Each pixel is formed using
a cluster of red, green and
blue LEDs.

11. Organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs)
• OLEDs are self-emissive, highly efficient and
have excellent optical properties.
• There are two principle
technologies of OLED:• Vacuum Deposition
Systems
• Solution Processable
OLED Systems

12. APPLICATIONS OF FLAT PANEL
DISPLAYS
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Laptops
• Televisions
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Cellular phones
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Digital cameras
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Camcorders
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Compact cameras
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Pocket video camera

13. ADVANTAGES OF FLAT PANEL
DISPLAYS
• Space Saving
• Display size
• Power consumption

14. DISADVANTAGES OF FLATPANEL
DISPLAY
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Durability
Color
Viewing Angle
Price

15. Working
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Liquid crystals
Passive LCDs
Active matrix LCDs
Colored LCDs

16. Liquid crystals
 Setup of a typical LCD panel:
 Polarizer
 Glass substrate
 Seal
 Spacer
 ITO
 Hard coat
 Polyimide
 TFT

17. Passive Display
• A passive matrix LCD is composed of several
layers.
• The main parts are:Two glass plates
Connected by seals

18. Active matrix LCDs
• Active matrix technology is using thin-film
transistors (TFT).
• They are produced in
tube furnaces.

19. Color LCD’s
• Color filters are applied to the inside of the
front glass sheet.
• Three colors red, blue, green and a black
matrix are used.

20. How LCD’s are manufactured?
• The rear glass plates are the substrate for the
TFT production in case of active matrix LCDs.
• The front glass plate wears the color filter
layers, same as the rear glass plate ITO, hard
coat and polyimide and the sealing.
• The singularized displays are filled with liquid
crystal liquid and the opening in the seal is
closed.

21. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FLAT PANEL
DISPLAYS AND CRT?
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Resolution & Viewing Quality
Refresh Rate
Physical Size
Price