Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) is a flat panel display that uses liquid crystals and light modulating properties between two polarized filters. An LCD displays information using liquid crystals which can be manipulated by an electric current to either allow light to pass through them or block light. Common applications of LCDs include computer and laptop monitors, televisions, mobile phones, digital cameras, watches, calculators and instrument panels. The key advantages of LCDs are low power consumption, thin size and light weight. Some disadvantages include limited viewing angles and lower contrast compared to other display technologies.

1. Liquid Crystal Display
Liquid Crystal Display
Liquid Crystal Display
and its Applications
and its Applications
and its Applications
Team Members
Rachit Udaseen 110080
Nia UK 110077
Atharva Kotekar 110008
Priyal Jain 110002
Anand Bhongale 110026
Slide 1

2. What are LCDs?
A type of flat panel display
Uses liquid crystals in its primary form of
operation
What is a Flat Panel Display?
A class of display devices
Have reduced volume, weight and power
requirements compared to CRT
What are Liquid Crystals?
Closer to liquid state than solid state
Introduction
Slide 2

3. 1 2
Progression of Computer Displays
TFT
>not susceptible
to burn in
>no need for
screensavers
CRT
>susceptible to
burn in
>needed
screen savers
LCD
>not susceptible
to burn in
>screen savers
are rare
OLED
>susceptible to
burn-in and
ghosting
>people don't use
screen savers
3 4
Slide3

4. CONSTRUCTION OF LCD Two polarizers
Two electrodes are used.
Liquid crystal layer of about 10µm- 20µm
is placed between two glass sheets.
The light is passed or blocked by changing
the polarization.
01. HOW IT'S MADE
LED's dont emmit light themselves, so they
require a source of light. In smartphones
and television screens this source of light is
provided by a backlight.
02. FUNCTION
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5. A CLOSER LOOK AT YOUR SCREEN
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6. WORKING OF LCD
LCD WORKS BY BLOCKING POLARISED LIGHT.
A change in voltage applied to
liquid crystals
Changes the transmittance of
the panel including the two
polarizing plates
Changes the quantity of light
that passes from the backlight
to the front surface of the
display.
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7. A MORE SIMPLIFIED DIAGRAM
01
Both the horizontal and vertical polarised
lights are blocked so the intensity of the
color becomes zero
02
In the following vertical polarised light is
allowed to pass which changes the intensity of
the colour to 255.
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8. PROPERTIES OF LCD
Optical characteristics,
depend on the molecular
orientation
THREE
Display Give off low electro
magnetic radition
FOUR
have thin compact bodies
FIVE
Have high resolution
ONE
Low power consumption
TWO
Slide 8

9. DIGITAL CAMERA
APPLICATION
Used to create the screens embedded in the back of nearly all digital
cameras.
Works for reviewing photos, displaying menu options and serving as a live
viewfinder.
Screen sharpness depends on the number of pixels the LCD can display,
Liquid crystals molecules can affect the path of plane polarized light and reacts to
small changes in electric field.
PROPERTY BASED ON:
Slide 9

10. WORKING OF LCD IN
CAMERA
Looking through the viewfinder or at
the camera’s LCD screen, frame the
image.
Light passes through the setup as
shown in the figure.
Finally the photograph is obtained on
the LCD screen after the shutter is
released completely.
Slide 10

11. DIRECT ADDRESS DISPLAY
PASSIVE MATRIX DISPLAY
It uses a grid of vertical and horizontal conductors comprised of Indium Tin
Oxide to create an image. Each pixel is controlled by an intersection of two
conductors. Used for segmented digits or character displays.
For limited variable compotents (watches)
TYPES OF LCD
ACTIVE MATRIX DISPLAY
IT USES THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS THAT ARE ARRANGED IN A MATRIX ON A GLASS SURFACE. TO CONTROL
THE VOLTAGE TINY SWITCHING TRANSISTORS AND CAPACITORS ARE USED AT EACH PIXEL LOCATION. THE
ACTIVE PIXEL IS CALLED SO BECAUSE IT HAS THE ABILITY TO CONTROL THE INDIVIDUAL PIXELS AND
SWITCH THEM QUICKLY. THIN-FILMWHICH
Slide 11

12. Twisted Nematic DISPLAY
A twisted nematic (TN) display
consists of a substance called a
'nematic liquid' crystal that is
confined between two plates of
polarized glass.
Most TN displays have a characteristic black
on-gray, or black-on-silver appearance.
Suitable for use in alphanumeric readouts
such as those found in wristwatches, cell
phone displays, and calculator displays.
Slide 12

13. Aircraft Cockpit Screens
Digital Calculators
Digital Wrist Watches And Wall
Clocks
Instrument Panels
APPLICATIONS
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14. Brightness
Low Power Consumption
Sharpness
No Geometric Distortion
Shape
DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES
Aspect Ratio
Restricted Viewing
Angles
Contrast
Speed
RELATIVE MERITS
Slide 14

15. LED Display
NANOCELL Display (By LG)
OLED
> QLED
OTHER TYPES OF DISPLAYS
Slide 15

16. LED
(Light emitting diode)
LED has a wider viewing angle than the LCD.
LED has a better response time than LCD.
LED delivers better color accuracy in
comparison to the LCD
LED delivers good picture quality in
comparison to the LCD display.
LED is costlier than LCD.
Slide 16

17. QLED
(Quantum dot Display)
A QLED TV is essentially the
most modern version of an LCD
TV.
QLED displays can produce a
much brighter color with better
contrast.
It still relies on a LED backlight,
But it has an extra quantum dot
filter.
Semiconductor nanocrystals
Exhibits certain photoelectric properties
The color they glow depends on the size of the
nanoparticle.
Quantum Dots
When struck by light, they glow
a particular color.
Slide 17

18. Each pixel provides its own illumination.
By comparison, It delivers drastically higher contrast and quality by dynamically
managing their individual pixels.
It has a nearly perfect viewing angle.
LCDs are able to produce brighter images due to their powerful backlights.
Since OLEDs are made up of organic material, they degrade over time which reduces the
brightness of the screen.
OLED
(ORGANIC LIGHT EMITTING DIODE)
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19. LCD
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Slide 19
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