This document provides an overview of flame photometry, which is a technique used to determine the concentration of certain metal ions like sodium, potassium, calcium, and lithium. It describes the basic components and working of a flame photometer, including the nebulizer, burner, optical system, and photodetector. When a sample solution containing metal ions is introduced into the flame, the ions absorb energy and emit light of characteristic wavelengths. The intensity of emitted light can then be used for quantitative analysis of metal ion concentrations. Some applications mentioned are analysis of soils, fertilizers, drinks and other samples. Advantages include low cost and sensitivity down to ppm and ppb levels, while limitations are inability to detect non-radiating

1. FLAME PHOTOMETER
Presented by : khatri mahima
Msc :sem1
Enviornmental science
HNGU PATAN
Guided By: Kajal joshi

2. INSTRUMENT OF FLAME
PHOTOMETER

3. OUTLINE
• Introduction
• Atomic spectroscopy
• Types of Atomic spectroscopy
• Flame Photometry
• Instrumentation
• Parts of flame photometer
• Principle
• Mechanism
• Nebulization
• Brief overview of the process
• In the flame
• Application
• Advantages
• Disadvantages

4. INTRODUCTION OF
ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY
• ‘The determination of elemental composition by
its mass spectrum.
Atomic spectroscopy is assumed to be the oldest
instrumental method for the determination of
elements.
These techniques are introduced in the mid of 19th
century,when Bunsen and Kirchoff showed that the
radiation emitted from the flames depends on the
characteristics element present in the flame .

5. TYPES OF ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY
Atomic spectroscopy
Emission spectroscopy
Flame photometry
Atomic Absorption
spectrophotometry
Luminescence
spectroscopy
Inductively coupled plasma
atomic emission spectrometry

6. FLAME PHOTOMETER
• Flame Photometry is a branch of spectroscopy in which the species examined in
the spectrometer are in the form of atoms.
• Flame Photometer : ‘An instrument used in inorganic chemical analysis to
determine the concentration of certain metal ions among them
sodium(Na),potassium(K),calcium(Ca), and Lithium(Li)’.
• Flame Photometry is based on measurement of intensity of the light
emitted when a metal is introduced into flame.
• The wavelength of color tell us what the element is qualitative .
• The color’s intensity tell us how much of the element present.

7. PRINCIPLE

8. INSTRUMENTATION
Parts of a flame Photometer
• Source of Flame
A burner that provides flame and can be maintained in a constant
form and at a constant temperature .
Nebulizer and Mixing chamber
Helps to transport the homogeneous solution of the substance into
the flame at a steady rate.
Optical System
The optical system comprises three parts; convex ,mirror,lens and filter .The
convex mirror helps to transmit light emitted from the atoms and focus the
emission to the lens .The convex lens help to focus the light on a point called
slit.
Photo Detector
Detect the emitted light and measure the intensity of radiation emitted by
the flame.Thats is,the emitted radiation is converted to an electrical signal
with help of photo detector.The produced electrical signals are directly
proportional to the intensity of light.

9. MECHANISM
• Nebulization
• “A dispenser that turns a liquid into a fine mist called nebulizer ’’
The Solution of the substance to be analysed is first aspirated into the burner ,which is then dispersed
into the flame as fine spray particles.
A brief overview of the process
The solvent is first evaporated leaving fine divided solid particles.
This solid particles move towards the flame ,where the gaseous atoms and ions are produced.
The ions absorb the energy from the flame and excited to high energy levels.
When the atoms return to the ground state radiation of the characteristic element is emitted.

10. APPLICATION
Flame Photometer has both quantitative and qualitative applications.
Flame photometer with monochromators emits radiation of characteristic wavelength which
help to detect the presence of a particular metal in the sample .This help to determine the
availability of alkali and alkaline earth metals which are critical for soil cultivation.
In agriculture the fertilizer requirement of the soil is analysed by flame test analysis of the soil.
Analysis of soft drinks ,fruit juices and alcoholic beverages can also be analysed by using
flame photometry.

11. ADVANTAGES
• Simple quantitative analytical test based on the flame analysis
• Inexpensves.
• Quite convenient ,selective and sensitive to even parts per million(PPM),and parts
per billion(PPB) range.

12. DISADVANTAGES
• The concentration of the metal ion in the solution cannot be measured accurately
.
• A standard solution with known molarities is required for determining the
concentration of the ions which will corresponds to the emission spectra.
• The elements such as carbon (C), Hydrogen(H),and Halides(X), cannot be detected
due to its non radiating nature.

13. REFERNCES
• D.A Skoog D.M West, F. J.Holler, and S.R Crouch, Analytical Chemistry :An
Introdction,7th ed Chapter 23,pp.594631.