Firearm injuries
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Gunshot wounds occur when someone is shot by a bullet or projectile from a firearm. Entrance wounds are smaller and symmetrical, often with gunpowder residue around the edges. Exit wounds are larger and more irregularly shaped than entrance wounds. To determine if a wound is an entrance or exit wound, examiners consider factors like the wound size and shape, presence of soot or stippling, and evidence of projectiles. Proper investigation of firearm injuries requires examining the crime scene, victim's clothing and wounds, and weapons involved.
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Fire arm injuries
This document discusses firearm injuries and ballistics. It defines key terms like firearms, ammunition, cartridges, and ballistics. It describes the parts of firearms like barrels and breech parts. It explains characteristics of different types of firearms like smooth bored guns, rifled guns, revolvers, pistols, and shotguns. It also discusses cartridges, gunpowders, primers, and projectiles. Finally, it describes characteristics of injuries caused by different firearms and their medico-legal aspects.
Types of Bullet
Bullets come in a variety of shapes, constructions, and materials depending on their intended application. They can be categorized based on their manufacturing process or shape. In terms of manufacturing, bullets include unjacketted bullets made of hardened lead, jacketed bullets with a metallic jacket enclosing a lead core, wire-patched bullets with a copper wire envelope, and paper-patched bullets formerly made with paper jackets. They also include armor-piercing, tracer, and incendiary bullets. Bullets are further distinguished by their shape, such as hollow-point, sharp nose, round nose, boat-tailed, and split-nose bullets. The type of bullet chosen depends on the gun used and its intended range.
Firearm injuries - Forensic Aspects
At the end of the session, you will be able to:
Define forensic ballistics and firearms
Understand different types of firearms and ammunition
Differentiate features of entry and exit wounds in firearms
Enlist Medico-legal aspects
Firearm injuries
Firearms can cause injuries through their components. A firearm discharges a projectile such as a bullet or pellets. The components that produce injury are the gun flame, smoke, unburnt gunpowder particles, cards, and wads. The speed and shape of the projectile along with the density and vitality of the target also influence the extent of injuries. Gunshot wounds vary based on the distance between the firearm and target, ranging from contact wounds with scorching and tattooing to distant wounds without these effects. Exit wounds are generally larger than entry wounds and have everted edges.
RICOCHET
Ricochet refers to a bullet deflecting off a hard surface rather than penetrating it. Many factors influence ricochet behavior, including bullet shape, material, velocity, spin, target material, and angle of incidence. High velocity rifle bullets have a greater chance of penetrating rather than ricocheting. Elongated rifle bullets have higher sectional density than handgun bullets, influencing penetration. Harder target materials like bone are more likely to cause ricochet. The angle of ricochet is difficult to predict due to bullet deformation. Ricochets can cause unintended damage and be lethal if the bullet or fragments strike a person. Wounds from ricocheting bullets will have ragged, irregular edges. Ricoche
Forensic Ballistic
Firearm injuries can be analyzed based on wound characteristics to determine details like the type of firearm, firing range, and manner of injury. Entry wounds are usually smaller and have inverted edges while exit wounds are larger with everted edges. Tattooing and soot deposition can indicate a close firing range. The presence of an abrasion collar or lead residue in wounds and on the hand helps determine if the person recently fired a gun. Analyzing the bullet, wound ballistics, and performing dermal nitrate tests on the hand are important for the medico-legal investigation of firearm-related deaths.
Cartridge
The document summarizes the components and functioning of cartridges used in shotguns and rifles. It describes the key parts of a cartridge including the case, primer, gunpowder, wads and bullets. The case contains the primer, gunpowder and bullet and comes in different materials. It ensures the components stay together and seals in gases. Shotguns use multiple small shot pellets while rifles have a single elongated bullet. When the trigger is pulled, the firing pin strikes the primer igniting the gunpowder and propelling the bullet down the barrel.
Firearm injuries
1. A firearm discharges a missile using expanding gases from combustion in a closed space. It consists of a barrel, action, and grip.
2. Rifling imparts spin to bullets for stability and accuracy. Rifled weapons include handguns like pistols and revolvers, as well as rifles. Shotguns have smooth bores.
3. Cartridges contain propellant, primer, casing, and a bullet or shots. Propellant burns to produce gases that accelerate the projectile down the barrel.
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Fire arm injuries
This document discusses firearm injuries and ballistics. It defines key terms like firearms, ammunition, cartridges, and ballistics. It describes the parts of firearms like barrels and breech parts. It explains characteristics of different types of firearms like smooth bored guns, rifled guns, revolvers, pistols, and shotguns. It also discusses cartridges, gunpowders, primers, and projectiles. Finally, it describes characteristics of injuries caused by different firearms and their medico-legal aspects.
Types of Bullet
Bullets come in a variety of shapes, constructions, and materials depending on their intended application. They can be categorized based on their manufacturing process or shape. In terms of manufacturing, bullets include unjacketted bullets made of hardened lead, jacketed bullets with a metallic jacket enclosing a lead core, wire-patched bullets with a copper wire envelope, and paper-patched bullets formerly made with paper jackets. They also include armor-piercing, tracer, and incendiary bullets. Bullets are further distinguished by their shape, such as hollow-point, sharp nose, round nose, boat-tailed, and split-nose bullets. The type of bullet chosen depends on the gun used and its intended range.
Firearm injuries - Forensic Aspects
At the end of the session, you will be able to:
Define forensic ballistics and firearms
Understand different types of firearms and ammunition
Differentiate features of entry and exit wounds in firearms
Enlist Medico-legal aspects
Firearm injuries
Firearms can cause injuries through their components. A firearm discharges a projectile such as a bullet or pellets. The components that produce injury are the gun flame, smoke, unburnt gunpowder particles, cards, and wads. The speed and shape of the projectile along with the density and vitality of the target also influence the extent of injuries. Gunshot wounds vary based on the distance between the firearm and target, ranging from contact wounds with scorching and tattooing to distant wounds without these effects. Exit wounds are generally larger than entry wounds and have everted edges.
RICOCHET
Ricochet refers to a bullet deflecting off a hard surface rather than penetrating it. Many factors influence ricochet behavior, including bullet shape, material, velocity, spin, target material, and angle of incidence. High velocity rifle bullets have a greater chance of penetrating rather than ricocheting. Elongated rifle bullets have higher sectional density than handgun bullets, influencing penetration. Harder target materials like bone are more likely to cause ricochet. The angle of ricochet is difficult to predict due to bullet deformation. Ricochets can cause unintended damage and be lethal if the bullet or fragments strike a person. Wounds from ricocheting bullets will have ragged, irregular edges. Ricoche
Forensic Ballistic
Firearm injuries can be analyzed based on wound characteristics to determine details like the type of firearm, firing range, and manner of injury. Entry wounds are usually smaller and have inverted edges while exit wounds are larger with everted edges. Tattooing and soot deposition can indicate a close firing range. The presence of an abrasion collar or lead residue in wounds and on the hand helps determine if the person recently fired a gun. Analyzing the bullet, wound ballistics, and performing dermal nitrate tests on the hand are important for the medico-legal investigation of firearm-related deaths.
Cartridge
The document summarizes the components and functioning of cartridges used in shotguns and rifles. It describes the key parts of a cartridge including the case, primer, gunpowder, wads and bullets. The case contains the primer, gunpowder and bullet and comes in different materials. It ensures the components stay together and seals in gases. Shotguns use multiple small shot pellets while rifles have a single elongated bullet. When the trigger is pulled, the firing pin strikes the primer igniting the gunpowder and propelling the bullet down the barrel.
Firearm injuries
1. A firearm discharges a missile using expanding gases from combustion in a closed space. It consists of a barrel, action, and grip.
2. Rifling imparts spin to bullets for stability and accuracy. Rifled weapons include handguns like pistols and revolvers, as well as rifles. Shotguns have smooth bores.
3. Cartridges contain propellant, primer, casing, and a bullet or shots. Propellant burns to produce gases that accelerate the projectile down the barrel.
Terminal ballistics
This document discusses terminal ballistics and the different types of injuries caused by firearms. Terminal ballistics is the study of bullet behavior once it impacts the target. Factors like velocity, mass, size, and shape of the bullet affect the degree of injury. Rifled firearms can cause injuries at contact range (muzzle touching body), close shot (within flame distance), and distant shots over 50cm away. Shotgun wounds depend on range, with contact shots causing discoloration and burns and long range shots rarely being fatal. Entry wounds from firearms show more tissue destruction than exit wounds, which tend to be everted with split flaps. Specific injuries include abrasion collars, contusion collars, tattooing, and blackening
Fire arm injury 2
Bullets are projectiles that are fired from firearms. They are typically made of lead and jacketed in harder materials like copper for protection. Bullet tips can be pointed, rounded, or flattened. Inside cartridges, bullets are propelled by primer, gunpowder, and wadding. Upon firing, the gunpowder ignites and rapidly expands gases that push the bullet out of the barrel. Firearm injuries are caused not just by the bullet but also burnt gunpowder and other material deposited in the wound. Wounds of entry and exit are often seen, and characteristics like abrasions, soot, and tattoos help identify them.
Wound Ballistics Of Rifled Firearm.pptx
This document discusses wound ballistics of rifled firearms. It begins by introducing forensic ballistics and the different types: internal, external, and terminal ballistics. It then discusses wound ballistics, focusing on the mechanism of injury when a projectile strikes a living target. Key factors that influence the transfer of kinetic energy are explored. Different types of gunshot wounds are defined, including penetrating, perforating, and wounds that are both penetrating and perforating. Cavitation effects and characteristics of entry and exit wounds are also summarized.
Types of injury and range of fire
This document discusses different types of injuries caused by firearms at different ranges. It describes tattooing or stippling caused by unburnt or semi-burnt gunpowder particles deposited in the skin at close range. Blackening is caused by smoke deposits and is limited to a short range. Charring or scorching is burning caused by hot gases from combustion and occurs at very close range, leaving characteristic marks. A pink coloration around a wound indicates absorption of carbon monoxide from combustion, indicating a close-range injury. The document also discusses muzzle patterns left by contact shots and the ranges of different markings like scorching, blackening, and powder residues left by different firearms.
Fire arm injury 3
This document summarizes key information about gunshot wounds, including:
1. Gunshots can produce entry and exit wounds. Entry wounds show characteristics from gases, flames, and particles exiting the muzzle, while exit wounds lack these features.
2. The appearance of entry wounds depends on factors like weapon type, ammunition, striking velocity, and distance from the muzzle. Close-range shots exhibit burning, tattooing, and other effects not seen at longer ranges.
3. Rifle and shotgun wounds present differently. Rifles produce single entry holes while shotguns can cause a "rat-hole" wound from multiple pellets merging at close range.
4. Exit wounds are often larger, more
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The document discusses the factors that affect the trajectory of a bullet, including both internal and external factors. The main internal factors are the velocity of the projectile, spin of the bullet, angle of fire, structural features, and gravity. The main external factors are wind, air resistance, and the Coriolis effect. The trajectory takes the form of a parabola, being affected most significantly by the bullet's velocity, as well as air resistance and gravity acting upon it during flight.
Firearm
This ppt describe about Firearms, their parts and mechanism of action...
i hope it will be useful for you
Terminal ballistics
1. Terminal ballistics deals with the behavior and effects of projectiles when they impact targets and transfer energy. It studies penetration potential and wound ballistics.
2. When a projectile strikes the body, it compresses tissues until they tear beyond their elastic limits if the projectile has enough energy. It continues through an exit wound, causing internal damage.
3. Factors affecting wounding include the target site, velocity, projectile construction, and range. Frontal wounds cause more damage due to shallow tissue depth. Higher velocities increase energy and damage.
Firearm injuries
This document discusses firearm injuries and terminology related to forensic medicine. It describes different types of firearms including shotguns and rifled weapons like pistols, revolvers, and rifles. Shotguns fire multiple pellets while rifled weapons fire single projectiles with grooved barrels. The document details entrance and exit wound characteristics for different firearm ranges from contact wounds to long range injuries. It also discusses factors that can indicate accidents, suicides, or homicides based on wound location and patterns. Doctors have a duty to preserve any foreign materials from wounds and skin samples for potential forensic testing.
Internal ballistics
Internal ballistics is the study of a projectile's behavior from ignition until it exits the gun barrel. It examines factors like lock time, ignition time, and barrel time. Piobert's law states that gunpowder burns layer by layer. Newton's third law means that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction, causing recoil. Recoil velocity can be calculated using the projectile and gun masses and velocities. Rusting and erosion over time degrade the gun barrel and reduce accuracy.
introduction to forensic ballistics
introductory information related to the field of firearms identification; the evidences, the principles involeved in their examination and the categories of guns.
Shotgun and rifle cartridges
The document discusses cartridges and their components. A cartridge contains a bullet, propellant, and primer packaged in a metallic case. It summarizes that a cartridge has four main parts: the cartridge case, propellant, projectile, and sometimes wads. The cartridge case contains the primer and holds the contents. Propellant, usually smokeless powder, propels the projectile. Projectiles can be single bullets or multiple pellets/shots. When the trigger is pulled, the firing pin strikes the primer, igniting the propellant and forcing the projectile out of the barrel with substantial velocity.
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This document discusses firearm injuries and terminology related to forensic medicine. It describes different types of firearms including shotguns and rifled weapons. Shotguns fire multiple pellets while rifled weapons fire a single projectile. The document details the mechanisms of injury from firearms, characteristics of entrance and exit wounds, factors to consider when determining if a firearm injury was from accident, suicide or homicide, and the duties of doctors in cases of firearm injuries and deaths.
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This document discusses various types of mechanical or physical injuries caused by blunt force, including abrasions, contusions, lacerations, and bruises. It provides classifications of injuries including based on causative factor (blunt force, sharp force, firearms, thermal, chemical), severity (simple, grievous, dangerous), and time of infliction (antemortem, postmortem, perimortem). Details are given on features, appearances, complications and medicolegal importance of specific injuries like abrasions, contusions, lacerations, and factors that affect bruise formation. The document also discusses concepts like patterned injuries, migratory bruises, and differences between ante- and postmortem injuries.
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The document discusses the analysis of wounds from a forensic perspective. It describes how a pathologist can determine details about wounds like type, dimensions, and location. It also discusses analyzing specifics of different wound types like bruises, abrasions, incised wounds, and stab wounds. Details like shape, size, depth, and other characteristics can provide information about the weapon and force used. Analysis of wounds is important forensic evidence that can provide details about crimes and injuries.
Internal Ballistics
Internal ballistics refers to what occurs within a weapon's barrel from firing to bullet exit. Key phenomena include:
- Ignition starts when the firing pin strikes the primer, igniting propellant which burns to form high-pressure gas.
- Propellant combustion and barrel length impact velocity - short barrels require fast-burning powder while long barrels use progressive-burning powder.
- Atmospheric conditions like temperature affect ballistics, as ammunition is manufactured for a specific temperature range and velocities vary with temperature.
Internal ballistic
This document discusses the topic of internal ballistics, which is the science of what occurs inside a firearm when it is discharged. It begins with a brief history of ballistics and defines internal ballistics. Some key phenomena of internal ballistics discussed include ignition, combustion of propellants, barrel length, atmospheric conditions, the shape of cartridge cases, and heat problems during combustion. Lock time and barrel time are also defined. The document provides details on each of these topics as they relate to internal ballistics and ballistic performance.
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This document discusses forensic ballistics and ammunition. It begins by defining forensic ballistics as the branch of science dealing with shooting incidents for legal purposes. It then discusses different types of ammunition such as rimfire, centerfire, caseless, and blank ammunition. It describes the components of ammunition including primers, propellants, and bullets. Various bullet types are outlined like full metal jacket, hollow point, ballistic tip, open tip, dum-dum, wire patched, rubber, and incendiary bullets. Improvised ammunition is also briefly discussed.
mi_incised_wound.ppt
An incised wound is a clean cut caused by a sharp edged weapon. It is longer than deep. The margins are clean cut and well defined. Width is greater than blade thickness due to tissue retraction. Length is greater than width and depth. Shape is spindle-like due to greater retraction at the center. Direction can be determined by tailing at the end and beveling if the blade entered obliquely. Healing occurs by primary intention within a week. Medico-legally, incised wounds can indicate the weapon, age of injury, direction of force, and whether it was suicide, accident, or homicide.
365619770-Legal-MEdicine.pptx
This document discusses gunshot wounds from a legal medicine perspective. It defines different types of firearms and projectiles. It describes the mechanisms of injury from gunshot wounds and how to determine entrance and exit wounds. Factors that indicate wounds are self-inflicted, inflicted by others, or accidental are outlined. Tests for determining gunshot residue and identifying firearms are also summarized. The document provides details on shotgun wounds and examining gunshot wounds in different body areas.
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This document discusses terminal ballistics and the different types of injuries caused by firearms. Terminal ballistics is the study of bullet behavior once it impacts the target. Factors like velocity, mass, size, and shape of the bullet affect the degree of injury. Rifled firearms can cause injuries at contact range (muzzle touching body), close shot (within flame distance), and distant shots over 50cm away. Shotgun wounds depend on range, with contact shots causing discoloration and burns and long range shots rarely being fatal. Entry wounds from firearms show more tissue destruction than exit wounds, which tend to be everted with split flaps. Specific injuries include abrasion collars, contusion collars, tattooing, and blackening
Fire arm injury 2
Bullets are projectiles that are fired from firearms. They are typically made of lead and jacketed in harder materials like copper for protection. Bullet tips can be pointed, rounded, or flattened. Inside cartridges, bullets are propelled by primer, gunpowder, and wadding. Upon firing, the gunpowder ignites and rapidly expands gases that push the bullet out of the barrel. Firearm injuries are caused not just by the bullet but also burnt gunpowder and other material deposited in the wound. Wounds of entry and exit are often seen, and characteristics like abrasions, soot, and tattoos help identify them.
Wound Ballistics Of Rifled Firearm.pptx
This document discusses wound ballistics of rifled firearms. It begins by introducing forensic ballistics and the different types: internal, external, and terminal ballistics. It then discusses wound ballistics, focusing on the mechanism of injury when a projectile strikes a living target. Key factors that influence the transfer of kinetic energy are explored. Different types of gunshot wounds are defined, including penetrating, perforating, and wounds that are both penetrating and perforating. Cavitation effects and characteristics of entry and exit wounds are also summarized.
Types of injury and range of fire
This document discusses different types of injuries caused by firearms at different ranges. It describes tattooing or stippling caused by unburnt or semi-burnt gunpowder particles deposited in the skin at close range. Blackening is caused by smoke deposits and is limited to a short range. Charring or scorching is burning caused by hot gases from combustion and occurs at very close range, leaving characteristic marks. A pink coloration around a wound indicates absorption of carbon monoxide from combustion, indicating a close-range injury. The document also discusses muzzle patterns left by contact shots and the ranges of different markings like scorching, blackening, and powder residues left by different firearms.
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This document summarizes key information about gunshot wounds, including:
1. Gunshots can produce entry and exit wounds. Entry wounds show characteristics from gases, flames, and particles exiting the muzzle, while exit wounds lack these features.
2. The appearance of entry wounds depends on factors like weapon type, ammunition, striking velocity, and distance from the muzzle. Close-range shots exhibit burning, tattooing, and other effects not seen at longer ranges.
3. Rifle and shotgun wounds present differently. Rifles produce single entry holes while shotguns can cause a "rat-hole" wound from multiple pellets merging at close range.
4. Exit wounds are often larger, more
External ballistics
The document discusses the factors that affect the trajectory of a bullet, including both internal and external factors. The main internal factors are the velocity of the projectile, spin of the bullet, angle of fire, structural features, and gravity. The main external factors are wind, air resistance, and the Coriolis effect. The trajectory takes the form of a parabola, being affected most significantly by the bullet's velocity, as well as air resistance and gravity acting upon it during flight.
Firearm
This ppt describe about Firearms, their parts and mechanism of action...
i hope it will be useful for you
Terminal ballistics
1. Terminal ballistics deals with the behavior and effects of projectiles when they impact targets and transfer energy. It studies penetration potential and wound ballistics.
2. When a projectile strikes the body, it compresses tissues until they tear beyond their elastic limits if the projectile has enough energy. It continues through an exit wound, causing internal damage.
3. Factors affecting wounding include the target site, velocity, projectile construction, and range. Frontal wounds cause more damage due to shallow tissue depth. Higher velocities increase energy and damage.
Firearm injuries
This document discusses firearm injuries and terminology related to forensic medicine. It describes different types of firearms including shotguns and rifled weapons like pistols, revolvers, and rifles. Shotguns fire multiple pellets while rifled weapons fire single projectiles with grooved barrels. The document details entrance and exit wound characteristics for different firearm ranges from contact wounds to long range injuries. It also discusses factors that can indicate accidents, suicides, or homicides based on wound location and patterns. Doctors have a duty to preserve any foreign materials from wounds and skin samples for potential forensic testing.
Internal ballistics
Internal ballistics is the study of a projectile's behavior from ignition until it exits the gun barrel. It examines factors like lock time, ignition time, and barrel time. Piobert's law states that gunpowder burns layer by layer. Newton's third law means that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction, causing recoil. Recoil velocity can be calculated using the projectile and gun masses and velocities. Rusting and erosion over time degrade the gun barrel and reduce accuracy.
introduction to forensic ballistics
introductory information related to the field of firearms identification; the evidences, the principles involeved in their examination and the categories of guns.
Shotgun and rifle cartridges
The document discusses cartridges and their components. A cartridge contains a bullet, propellant, and primer packaged in a metallic case. It summarizes that a cartridge has four main parts: the cartridge case, propellant, projectile, and sometimes wads. The cartridge case contains the primer and holds the contents. Propellant, usually smokeless powder, propels the projectile. Projectiles can be single bullets or multiple pellets/shots. When the trigger is pulled, the firing pin strikes the primer, igniting the propellant and forcing the projectile out of the barrel with substantial velocity.
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This document discusses firearm injuries and terminology related to forensic medicine. It describes different types of firearms including shotguns and rifled weapons. Shotguns fire multiple pellets while rifled weapons fire a single projectile. The document details the mechanisms of injury from firearms, characteristics of entrance and exit wounds, factors to consider when determining if a firearm injury was from accident, suicide or homicide, and the duties of doctors in cases of firearm injuries and deaths.
Blunt force injuries
This document discusses various types of mechanical or physical injuries caused by blunt force, including abrasions, contusions, lacerations, and bruises. It provides classifications of injuries including based on causative factor (blunt force, sharp force, firearms, thermal, chemical), severity (simple, grievous, dangerous), and time of infliction (antemortem, postmortem, perimortem). Details are given on features, appearances, complications and medicolegal importance of specific injuries like abrasions, contusions, lacerations, and factors that affect bruise formation. The document also discusses concepts like patterned injuries, migratory bruises, and differences between ante- and postmortem injuries.
Firearms and Explosive injuries
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on firearms and explosive injuries. It defines firearms and their basic parts. It classifies firearms as rifled or smoothbore weapons and describes common types such as rifles, shotguns, pistols and machine guns. It discusses cartridges, powders, bullets and ballistics. It describes characteristics of entry and exit wounds and tests to detect gunshot residue. It also covers explosion injuries and their medico-legal importance in reconstruction of events.
Wounds in forensic medicine
The document discusses the analysis of wounds from a forensic perspective. It describes how a pathologist can determine details about wounds like type, dimensions, and location. It also discusses analyzing specifics of different wound types like bruises, abrasions, incised wounds, and stab wounds. Details like shape, size, depth, and other characteristics can provide information about the weapon and force used. Analysis of wounds is important forensic evidence that can provide details about crimes and injuries.
Internal Ballistics
Internal ballistics refers to what occurs within a weapon's barrel from firing to bullet exit. Key phenomena include:
- Ignition starts when the firing pin strikes the primer, igniting propellant which burns to form high-pressure gas.
- Propellant combustion and barrel length impact velocity - short barrels require fast-burning powder while long barrels use progressive-burning powder.
- Atmospheric conditions like temperature affect ballistics, as ammunition is manufactured for a specific temperature range and velocities vary with temperature.
Internal ballistic
This document discusses the topic of internal ballistics, which is the science of what occurs inside a firearm when it is discharged. It begins with a brief history of ballistics and defines internal ballistics. Some key phenomena of internal ballistics discussed include ignition, combustion of propellants, barrel length, atmospheric conditions, the shape of cartridge cases, and heat problems during combustion. Lock time and barrel time are also defined. The document provides details on each of these topics as they relate to internal ballistics and ballistic performance.
Firearms
This document discusses principles and practices of firearm identification in forensic science. It defines key ballistics terms and describes how class and individual characteristics can be used to identify firearms. Specific characteristics examined include rifling marks, firing pin impressions, breech face marks, and striations. Methods of comparing bullets and cartridge cases using comparison microscopes, stereomicroscopes, test firing, and automated databases like NIBIN and IBIS are summarized. The document provides an overview of the field of forensic ballistics and firearm identification.
ammunition and its classification
This document discusses forensic ballistics and ammunition. It begins by defining forensic ballistics as the branch of science dealing with shooting incidents for legal purposes. It then discusses different types of ammunition such as rimfire, centerfire, caseless, and blank ammunition. It describes the components of ammunition including primers, propellants, and bullets. Various bullet types are outlined like full metal jacket, hollow point, ballistic tip, open tip, dum-dum, wire patched, rubber, and incendiary bullets. Improvised ammunition is also briefly discussed.
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An incised wound is a clean cut caused by a sharp edged weapon. It is longer than deep. The margins are clean cut and well defined. Width is greater than blade thickness due to tissue retraction. Length is greater than width and depth. Shape is spindle-like due to greater retraction at the center. Direction can be determined by tailing at the end and beveling if the blade entered obliquely. Healing occurs by primary intention within a week. Medico-legally, incised wounds can indicate the weapon, age of injury, direction of force, and whether it was suicide, accident, or homicide.
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This document discusses the classification of gunshot wounds. It describes the nature of gunshot wounds and classifies them based on factors like range, angle, and contact with the weapon. Entrance wounds are typically smaller than exit wounds and show characteristics like soot deposition, tattooing, and abrasion collars. Exit wounds are larger and more irregular due to bullet deformation. Wound characteristics depend on factors such as weapon type, ammunition, range, and tissue interaction. Proper classification of gunshot wounds is important for forensic reconstruction of shooting incidents.
Wounds lecture-drneerajjain
This document provides definitions and descriptions of different types of wounds and injuries for forensic examination purposes. It defines wounds as disruptions of tissue caused by force and distinguishes between wounds, which imply deliberate action, and injuries, which can be accidental. It then describes in detail the characteristics of different types of injuries including bruises, abrasions, lacerations, stab wounds, incised wounds, and how to examine and document wounds. Factors like wound size, shape, location, and color changes over time are discussed to help determine the causes and timing of injuries.
19 f i n j u r y
This document discusses various types of injuries including abrasions, contusions, lacerations, incised wounds, stab wounds, and puncture wounds. It provides details on the features, classification, and medico-legal aspects of each type of injury. Key points covered include how to determine the age of an injury, differentiate between antemortem and postmortem wounds, identify weapons and manner of use from wound patterns, and assess time since injury through histological examination.
strangulation forensic medicine important.pptx
Our Age Forensic Medicine product is designed to assist medical professionals in accurately determining the age of individuals based on various biological markers. This tool is essential in forensic investigations, helping to provide crucial information for legal proceedings and identification purposes. With advanced technology and precise algorithms, our Age Forensic Medicine product ensures reliable and accurate results, making it a valuable asset in forensic science.
INJURY Forensic Medicine by Sir Zia Ashraf
Forensic Medicine( Prepared by Sir Zia Ashraf Chaudary). In These slides the topic of injury is discussed in details
injury
The document discusses various types of injuries including abrasions, contusions, lacerations, incised wounds, stab wounds, and puncture wounds. It describes the features of each type of injury, how to determine the age of an injury, and the potential medico-legal significance including identifying weapons and determining the manner of injury.
Head injuries in forensic medicine
Head injuries associated with forensic medicine and intracrnial bleedig, firearm injuries, blast injuries and post mortum changes
Identity of an individual from FMlE,along with FAI by Dr Yaseen Mohammad for...
This document discusses methods for establishing personal identity, both for living and deceased individuals. It covers parameters like physical characteristics, medical records, fingerprints, DNA, and other objective and subjective means of identification. For deceased individuals, it outlines how identity may be determined based on factors like the body's condition, belongings, and examination of remains. Methods like stature estimation from bone length and firearm wound analysis are also summarized. The document stresses the importance of personal identity determination in legal cases and investigations.
Dr. Elias Bin Akber's Forensic Medicine Presentation
This document provides information on firearm injuries and related topics. It defines firearms and describes their classification based on bore. It also defines key related terms like bullets, pellets, rifling, choking, primers, gunpowder and their importance. The document discusses characteristics of gunshot wounds, differences between entry and exit wounds, and differences between suicidal and homicidal gunshot wounds. It also describes test procedures like dermal nitrate test and special bullet types.
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Cutting and Stabbing Wounds - Criminal Documentation
Cutting and Stabbing Wounds - Criminal Documentation
Identity of an individual from FMlE,along with FAI by Dr Yaseen Mohammad for...
Identity of an individual from FMlE,along with FAI by Dr Yaseen Mohammad for...
Dr. Elias Bin Akber's Forensic Medicine Presentation
Dr. Elias Bin Akber's Forensic Medicine Presentation
More from Ketan Patil
Petroleum products
This document provides an overview of petroleum analysis techniques and instruments. It discusses the composition and products of petroleum including gasoline, kerosene, lubricating oil, and wax. Key analytical methods covered are distillation, density measurement, viscosity testing, and flash point determination. Instrumental techniques analyzed in depth include gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). GC-MS is described as a valuable tool that separates components through a gas chromatograph and then identifies them via their mass spectra in the mass spectrometer. The document concludes with applications and references for further reading.
Estimation of hair index from human hair
Human hair is commonly found evidence at crime scenes and can provide a link between a criminal and their crime. Analysis of hair, called trichology, is important in forensic investigations as hair can easily be left behind at a crime scene and adhere to surfaces. This document outlines the equipment and process used to estimate the hair index of a human hair sample, which involves mounting hair on a slide, treating it with hydrogen peroxide and hydrochloric acid, and examining it under a microscope to measure the medulla and cortex.
Barbiturates
Barbiturates are classified as CNS depressants and are often prescribed to treat conditions like anxiety, depression, and insomnia. They produce effects like sleepiness, nausea, and breathing problems when consumed, and in higher doses can cause coma or death. Barbiturates come in many colors and are also abused for their ability to produce euphoria and treat withdrawal symptoms from other drugs. They can be consumed orally or via other routes of administration. Tests like chromatography, spectroscopy, and color tests are used to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze samples suspected to contain barbiturates. The salt or acid form of the barbiturate present affects how it can be identified.
Drug abuse in sports
This document discusses the history and science of drug testing in sports. It provides background on the types of performance enhancing drugs used by athletes and their effects. It then describes the anti-doping agencies and rules established to regulate drug use in sports. The document outlines the banned substances and methods according to their classifications. It details the sample collection and testing process, including the analytical methods used to detect drugs in urine and blood samples. Finally, it mentions some notable doping cases that have occurred in sports over time.
Sex determination using anthropometric methods
This document summarizes methods for determining sex from skeletal remains using anthropometric analysis. It outlines key sexual dimorphisms in the skull, pelvis, and long bones that can be used to identify whether remains are from a male or female. For the skull, traits like robustness, orbital shape, and mastoid process size can indicate sex. In the pelvis, characteristics such as the subpubic angle, sciatic notch width, and pubic arch shape provide clues. Measurements and morphological features of long bones like the femur, tibia, humerus and ulna also differ between males and females. Anthropologists can use these multiple lines of evidence from the skeleton to assign sex with 90-95%
Introduction to Anthropology
This document is a submission from Manshwine Bandor, a student in the 4th semester of the 2nd year of a BSc program at Shree Vaishnav Vidyapeeth Vishwavidyalaya. The topic of the submission is Anthropology and it has been submitted to assistant professor Ketan Patil.
Anthropology
Human evolution is a gradual process that has occurred over a long period of time. Key stages included Dryopithecus, which is considered the common ancestor of apes and humans around 25 million years ago. Ramapithecus and Kenyapithecus, dated to between 12-5 million years ago, displayed traits that were ancestral to humans. Australopithecus, the first upright walking species around 4 million years ago, had a brain capacity of around 500cc. Homo habilis began making tools around 2.4 million years ago. Later species such as Homo erectus had larger brains and used fire. Homo sapiens emerged around 200,000 years ago, with modern humans
Theories of organic evolution
The document discusses theories of organic evolution, including Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection and Lamarck's theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics. Darwin's theory proposes that organisms evolve over generations through natural selection of inheritable traits that aid survival and reproduction. Lamarck's theory suggests that organisms can pass on traits acquired in their lifetime to offspring, such as giraffes inheriting long necks from ancestors that stretched their necks to reach leaves. Modern understanding incorporates genetics and shows how random mutations in DNA can provide variation for natural selection to act upon.
Anthropology
This document discusses the field of anthropology and its branches. It begins by defining anthropology as the study of humans, their origins, and cultural variations throughout history. The document then outlines the major branches of anthropology, including socio-cultural anthropology, physical/biological anthropology, archaeological anthropology, linguistic anthropology, and applied anthropology. For each branch, it provides a brief description of the areas of focus and goals of study.
Study of Soil and Paint
This document provides information about soils and paints. It defines soil as a mixture of organic matter, minerals, gases, liquids, and organisms that support life. The four main components of soil are identified as minerals, water, organic matter, and gases. Key soil types like sand, silt, clay and loam are described. Methods for analyzing soils like determining moisture content and particle size distribution are outlined. The document also defines paint as a liquid that converts to a solid film after application. The main components of paint are identified as pigments, binders, liquids, and additives. Common types of paints like water-based and oil-based are described. Forensic analysis methods for soils and paints are mentioned
Microscope and its types
This document provides information about different types of microscopes. It discusses simple microscopes, which use a single lens for magnification, and their basic parts and working principle. Compound microscopes are then introduced as using multiple lenses to achieve higher magnification than is possible with a simple lens alone. The key parts of a compound microscope are described, including the eyepiece, objective lenses, body tube, arm, and focus adjustments. It explains that light from the illuminator passes through these parts to produce a magnified image for viewing.
History of firearms
The document outlines the 7 phases of development in firearms technology:
1. Cannon lock - An early matchlock design with a pan and touch hole for ignition.
2. Matchlock - Used a slow-burning match cord for ignition which had disadvantages of visibility and damp weather.
3. Wheel lock - The first self-igniting design using a rotating flint mechanism.
4. Snaphaunce - An early flintlock design with a spring-loaded flint arm for ignition.
5. Flintlock - Rapidly replaced earlier designs using flint and steel for reliable ignition.
6. Percussion lock - Introduced in 1820, it used fulminate of
Hair and fiber
Hairs and fibers are important forms of trace evidence that can provide clues in forensic investigations. Hair has a cuticle, cortex, and sometimes a medulla, and characteristics like these can be used to identify a sample's origin. Fiber analysis examines properties such as the fiber's structure, color, and chemical composition to determine its type (natural or synthetic) and match it to a potential source. Due to their tendency to shed easily, fibers are commonly found as trace evidence and can link a suspect to a crime scene or victim.
Hair and fiber
This document discusses hair and fibers in forensic science. It provides details on:
- The structure and composition of hair, including the cuticle, cortex, and medulla layers. Hair characteristics like color, length and shape can indicate where on the body it came from. Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA can be extracted from hair roots or cuticles.
- Fibers are long thin strands that can be spun into yarn and woven into fabrics. Matching unique fibers between a victim and suspect's clothing can provide evidence of contact.
- Both natural fibers like cotton and wool and synthetic fibers like nylon and polyester are important in forensic analysis and can be identified under a microscope.
Expert Witness Testimony
The document discusses the role and types of expert witnesses. An expert witness is a person with specialized knowledge or experience in a particular field who provides expert testimony. They may provide opinions on matters like injury severity, sanity, machine failures, damages, and authenticating electronic evidence. Expert testimony is important in many civil and criminal cases. Experts have a responsibility to provide unbiased opinions. There are testifying experts who present in court and non-testifying experts who advise lawyers. In ballistics cases, expert opinions on matching bullets to guns involve subjective assessments.
Improvised Firearms
This document discusses various types of improvised firearms, also known as zip guns. It provides examples such as zip guns, pen guns, pipe guns, and guns disguised as everyday objects like flashlights, cell phones, cigarettes, briefcases, and keychains. It describes how some of these firearms are constructed in a rudimentary way from available materials to function as a weapon. The document cautions that these improvised firearms can be unstable and pose safety risks due to improper materials or assembly.
External ballistics
External ballistics deals with the flight path of a projectile from the moment it exits the barrel until impact with the target. The key factors that influence a projectile's trajectory are wind, vertical angle, and air density. Wind can cause horizontal deflection from crosswinds and vertical deflection from headwinds or tailwinds. The vertical angle of fire affects slant range and requires adjustments to hold-off points. Variations in air pressure, temperature, and humidity that determine air density also influence drag on the projectile and its trajectory.
Microscopy
The document discusses different types of microscopes, including compound microscopes and stereomicroscopes. It describes the key parts and principles of operation. Compound microscopes use multiple lenses to magnify specimens and provide a two-dimensional image. Stereomicroscopes use two optical paths to provide a three-dimensional view of surface details. Examples of uses include biology studies, forensics, manufacturing quality control, and more. The document also discusses who may have invented the compound microscope and provides references for further reading.
Chromatography
Chromatography is a technique used to separate mixtures and involves dissolving the mixture in a mobile phase that carries it through a structure containing a stationary phase. It was first developed in 1900 by Russian scientist Mikhail Tsvet and involves the interaction between a mobile and stationary phase resulting in separation. Common types include paper chromatography, thin layer chromatography, gas chromatography, and affinity chromatography. It has various applications in fields like clinical analysis, protein purification, forensic toxicology, and separation of amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates, and more.
Glass fractures
The document discusses different types of glass and forensic analysis of glass evidence. It provides information on the physical, optical, and chemical properties of glass that can be analyzed forensically. Specific techniques mentioned include refractive index testing, density determination, microscopic analysis of fractures, and elemental analysis. The document also discusses how analysis of glass evidence can help reconstruct crime scenes and connect suspects to crimes by matching glass fragments.
More from Ketan Patil (20)
Recently uploaded
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
在线办理(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
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四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
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◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
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留信网认证的作用:
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3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
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6:个人职称评审加20分
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Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
SAR of Medicinal Chemistry 1st by dk.pdf
In this presentation include the prototype drug SAR on thus or with their examples .
Syllabus of Second Year B. Pharmacy
2019 PATTERN.
Shallowest Oil Discovery of Turkiye.pptx
The Petroleum System of the Çukurova Field - the Shallowest Oil Discovery of Türkiye, Adana
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvement
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE .
Austrian-Slovenian HPC Meeting 2024 – ASHPC24, Seeblickhotel Grundlsee in Austria, 10–13 June 2024
https://ashpc.eu/
20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx
Evaporation step counter work. I have done a physical experiment.
(Work in progress.)
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...Advanced-Concepts-Team
Presentation in the Science Coffee of the Advanced Concepts Team of the European Space Agency on the 07.06.2024.
Speaker: Diego Blas (IFAE/ICREA)
Title: Gravitational wave detection with orbital motion of Moon and artificial
Abstract:
In this talk I will describe some recent ideas to find gravitational waves from supermassive black holes or of primordial origin by studying their secular effect on the orbital motion of the Moon or satellites that are laser ranged.Thornton ESPP slides UK WW Network 4_6_24.pdf
ESPP presentation to EU Waste Water Network, 4th June 2024 “EU policies driving nutrient removal and recycling
and the revised UWWTD (Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive)”
Bob Reedy - Nitrate in Texas Groundwater.pdf
Presented at June 6-7 Texas Alliance of Groundwater Districts Business Meeting
Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...
The pygmy halfbeak Dermogenys colletei, is known for its viviparous nature, this presents an intriguing case of relatively low fecundity, raising questions about potential compensatory reproductive strategies employed by this species. Our study delves into the examination of fecundity and the Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) in the Pygmy Halfbeak, D. colletei (Meisner, 2001), an intriguing viviparous fish indigenous to Sarawak, Borneo. We hypothesize that the Pygmy halfbeak, D. colletei, may exhibit unique reproductive adaptations to offset its low fecundity, thus enhancing its survival and fitness. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive study utilizing 28 mature female specimens of D. colletei, carefully measuring fecundity and GSI to shed light on the reproductive adaptations of this species. Our findings reveal that D. colletei indeed exhibits low fecundity, with a mean of 16.76 ± 2.01, and a mean GSI of 12.83 ± 1.27, providing crucial insights into the reproductive mechanisms at play in this species. These results underscore the existence of unique reproductive strategies in D. colletei, enabling its adaptation and persistence in Borneo's diverse aquatic ecosystems, and call for further ecological research to elucidate these mechanisms. This study lends to a better understanding of viviparous fish in Borneo and contributes to the broader field of aquatic ecology, enhancing our knowledge of species adaptations to unique ecological challenges.
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
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Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...
GBSN - Biochemistry (Unit 6) Chemistry of Proteins
GBSN - Biochemistry (Unit 6) Chemistry of Proteins
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
mô tả các thí nghiệm về đánh giá tác động dòng khí hóa sau đốt
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20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx
20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...
Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
Firearm injuries
- 2. Gun shot wounds or firearm injuries occur when someone is shot by bullet or other sort of projectile from a firearm .
- 4. A firearm injury or not An entrance wound or an exit wound Post mortem or anti mortem injury Caused from distance (contact , distant) Person perform the alleged acts after receiving the given injuries.
- 6. The entrance wound is smaller and symmetrical. Entrance wounds will have some dis colourations around them. Entrance wounds are often ringed with the residue of gunpowder and cordite.
- 8. Crushing &laceration of soft tissues . Shock wave damage solid tissue and vessel. Temporary cavitation cause stretching of tissue & wide injury. Death due to penetration of the heart a major blood vessel or injury to the brain
- 9. Exit wounds are usually larger than the entrance wound Exit wounds are the result of contact ,intermediate ,distant firing. Exit wounds can be stellate , circular or completely irregular.
- 10. Exit wounds
- 13. Entrance wounds are circular or oval in most of cases Diameter of the entrance hole is less than the diameter of projectile creating the hole. The edges are inverted . Contusion ring is formed around the wound ,ring is dark red to bluish black. When scorch skin available it identifier the entry wound .
- 14. GSR deposits are from close range firing only they also identifier entrance wound . Presence of muzzle impression around the wound.
- 15. They have no fixed shape or size and irregular. They are larger than entry wound . Presence of projectile fixed in the exit wound . The eversion of edges and the direction of pushed or pressed out flesh ,indicate the exit wound
- 16. Scene of occurrence Photographs of the crime scene and victim film of the scene if possible . Post-mortem or medico legal reports of the victim and suspect Clothes of the victim Arms and ammunition used in the incident.
- 17. Reference http://Epgp.infibNet.ac.in Http://www.slideshare.net Http://www.reasearchgate.net http://www.Scribd.com http://slideplayer.com