This document provides definitions and descriptions of different types of wounds and injuries for forensic examination purposes. It defines wounds as disruptions of tissue caused by force and distinguishes between wounds, which imply deliberate action, and injuries, which can be accidental. It then describes in detail the characteristics of different types of injuries including bruises, abrasions, lacerations, stab wounds, incised wounds, and how to examine and document wounds. Factors like wound size, shape, location, and color changes over time are discussed to help determine the causes and timing of injuries.
Forensic science PowerPoint presentation on Injury and it's medico-legal importance.
The slide is made for medical students. Mainly for BAMS students. It covers maximum points.
The slide is full of example with pictures which make it easy to understand the concept. It contains post-mortem findings as well as medico-legal importance of the each type of injury.
Forensic science PowerPoint presentation on Injury and it's medico-legal importance.
The slide is made for medical students. Mainly for BAMS students. It covers maximum points.
The slide is full of example with pictures which make it easy to understand the concept. It contains post-mortem findings as well as medico-legal importance of the each type of injury.
injury to thorax and abdomen. tension pneumothorax , cardiac tamponade, rupture of kidney, rupture of liver, intestinal perforation, foreign body in rectum
Paper cuts, blisters caused by scratching, and sunburns—these are only some of the common types of wounds most people know about. But in medical parlance, a wound refers to a skin injury that can be categorised into two: open wound and closed wound. Under these two categories, there is a broad range of injuries that causes different degrees of pain.
injury to thorax and abdomen. tension pneumothorax , cardiac tamponade, rupture of kidney, rupture of liver, intestinal perforation, foreign body in rectum
Paper cuts, blisters caused by scratching, and sunburns—these are only some of the common types of wounds most people know about. But in medical parlance, a wound refers to a skin injury that can be categorised into two: open wound and closed wound. Under these two categories, there is a broad range of injuries that causes different degrees of pain.
Cutting and Stabbing Wounds - Criminal Documentation Darren Dake
This course is designed to introduce the student to the forensic importance of stabbing and cutting injuries.
This course will describe what these wounds are and how they are made. It will also explore each type of wound’s forensic importance to an investigation.
From this topic you willl be able to cover Laceration and A short study on VRANA according to ayurveda
Very helpful for BAMS student
Hope you like and share it
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
4. Wounds and injuries
Legal definition of a wound
a wound is where the whole skin is broken,
the continuity of the skin broken.
An abrasion of the surface is not sufficient.
Splits of the inside of the mouth are included
but not fractures or internal injuries
if the overlying skin is intact.
5. Wounds and injuries
A wound implies a deliberate action
while an injury can be caused accidentally.
6. Interpretation of injuries
This is the most important part of the forensic examination
The nature of the agent(s) causing the injuries
may be identified in general terms
e.g. due to a blunt object or a sharp object.
The pattern of the injuries on the body
may help in deciding the circumstances
in which the injuries occurred,
accident, suicide or homicide.
7. 1.The nature of the wound, ie whether it is a
bruise, abrasion or laceration etc
2.The wound dimensions, eg length, width,
depth etc.
3.It is helpful to take a photograph of the
wound with an indication of dimension (eg a
tape measure placed next to the wound),
4.Measurements to be taken of the wound as it
appears first, and then with wound edges
drawn together
Describing injuries
8. 5.The position of the wound in relation to fixed
anatomical landmarks, eg distance from the
midline, below the clavicle etc
6.The height of the wound from the heel (ie
ground level) - this is particularly important in
cases where pedestrians have been struck by
motor vehicles
Describing injuries
10. Injuries due to sharp or long
instruments
Incised wounds
Stab wounds
11. Bruise
Crushing of tissues
epidermis uninjured
connective tissue crushed
small vessels ruptured and bleed into tissues
common in young and old, haematological problems
falls, assaults
12. •Bruises are caused by blunt trauma / injury to tissues,
resulting in damage to blood vessels beneath the surface.
•Blood leaks out ('extravasation') into surrounding tissues
from damaged capillaries, venules and arterioles.
•Bruises may be surface bruises, or deeper within tissues or
organs.
Bruises/ Contusions
13. •Unlike abrasions, the characteristics of the object causing a
bruise cannot easily be determined, because blood tends to
spread out in a diffuse manner from the site of injury,
particularly along fascial planes.
•'shifting' of bruises after time. For example, from faace or
scalp to neck
•Bruises may also 'appear' after some days due again to the
same phenomenon of blood tracking along tissue planes, and
pathologists often re-examine a body again to look for such
bruising.
Bruises/ Contusions
14. Intra-dermal bruises, however, provide an exception to
this general rule, as they are superficial - lying just under
the epidermis.
In this case, there may be good correlation between the
bruise seen and the characteristics of the causative object
e.g. tramline bruises.
Bruises/ Contusions
15. Ecchymoses/ purpura - smaller than a few
millimeters
petechiae - pinpoint bruises(usually due to venous
engorgement, e.g. in asphyxia, or in defects in blood
coagulation such as Disseminated Intravascular
Coagulation (DIC)).
Senile purpura – flat purple bruises in elderly
Bruises/ Contusions
16. A blow from an object may give rise to a combination of
injuries, such as a bruise with an abrasion etc, and different
parts of the body are more susceptible to bruising than
others.
For example, the skin over the eyelids bruises easily, whilst
the tougher palmar surface or plantar surface rarely bruises,
unless severe direct trauma e.g. fall from a height or torture.
Bruises/ Contusions
17. The positioning of bruising is significant e.g. multiple rows of
spherical/ disc shaped bruises may be seen when an attempt is
made to strangle someone with bare hands (manual
strangulation).
The bruises are caused by the attacker's fingertips pressing
into the skin.
Bruises/ Contusions
18. 'Tramline' bruises
Consist of two parallel linear bruises separated by a paler,
undamaged section of skin.
This type of injury occurs when the skin is struck with a rod
shaped object, which squeezes blood from the vessels at the
point of inpact, thus emptying them and preventing them from
leaking blood. The edges of the wound are stretched, and
blood vessels are torn, causing blood to leak into the
surrounding tissues.
A similar phenomenon is seen when the injury is caused by a
hard spherical object, such as a squash ball !
Bruises/ Contusions
19. Abrasions
Surface injury
graze or scratch
rough surface striking the body tangentially
crushed epidermis, pressure or imprint abrasions
examples: ligature mark, fingernail scratches, tyre
marks, ground or gravel injuries e.g. grazed knees
20. An abrasion is a superficial injury, commonly known as a
'graze' or 'scratch'.
This type of wound damages only the epidermis
(uppermost skin layer), and should not therefore bleed.
However, abrasions do usually extend into the dermis
causing slight bleeding.
Abrasions
21. Abrasions are commonly caused by a 'glancing' impact across
the surface of the skin,
If the force is directed vertically down onto the skin surface it
may be termed a 'crush' injury.
These wounds are seen where an object has struck the skin (eg
a kick), or where the injured person has fallen onto a rough
surface, such as road.
Abrasions
22. Abrasions may be 'linear', a 'scratch'
If broader surface is affected, it is called a 'graze' or 'brush
abrasion' (eg where a motorcyclist is thrown from their
vehicle, and comes into contact with the road surface in a
skidding fashion). Such an abrasion often covers a relatively
large area of skin, and is often called a 'friction burn’.
Abrasions
23. If the surface of an abrasion is examined closely, for example
with a hand-held magnifying glass, the direction of force can
often be determined, from the torn epidermis.
Strands are drawn towards the end of the injury, and are 'heaped
up'.
The edges of the wound may also be ragged and directed
towards the end of the wound.
Abrasions
24. Of particular importance in the forensic setting is the fact that
abrasions can retain much of the surface characteristics of the
object that caused the wound.
For example, there may be a patterned abrasion caused by an
element of a vehicle involved in a 'hit-and-run' (such as that
made by a radiator grill or bumper), and if the abrasion has
been fully documented and photographed (with a scale) and
the suspected vehicle is subsequently recovered, the two may
be matched up.
Abrasions
25. Lacerations
Breach in epidermis and dermis
crush injury
common where skin stretched over bone, scalp,
face and shins
margins bruised and abraded
tissues not cleanly divided, tissue ‘bridges’ across
base of wound
bleed profusely
falls, kicks and blows from object
26. These wounds are commonly known as 'gashes, tears
or cuts' of the skin.
The skin surface is split or torn following blunt
trauma, and the force causes the full thickness of the
skin to be damaged.
Lacerations therefore bleed profusely.
Lacerations
27. Areas of the body that are commonly the site of lacerations
are those with underlying bony support, such as above the
eyebrows, on the scalp and face, or over the knees etc,
whilst they are less common on areas of the body that are
softer such as the buttocks.
Contact with motor vehicles may also cause splitting of the
skin due to grinding type movements over the surface, the
most severe being a ‘degloving’ injury.
Lacerations
28. Lacerations have ragged wound edges, as they have
been torn apart and not neatly incised as in a surgical
wound.
scalp lacerations sometimes resemble incised wounds
when they have been caused by a regular shaped
object.
If the wound is examined closely the ragged edges
can be visualised, along with crushing and bruising of
the margins, hairs driven into the tissues and tissue
strands crossing the depth of the wound (nerves, fibrous
brands, vessels)
Lacerations
29. Stab wounds
Caused by long object
penetrate body
small surface wound, depth varies
shape depends on object penetrating
30. .
These are wounds where the depth of injury is greater than the
length.
They penetrate more deeply than slash wounds and tend to come
into contact with vital organs in the chest and abdomen
Stab wounds are caused most obviously by knives,
but are also caused by bayonets and swords,
as well as scissors and even blunter instruments such as
screwdrivers.
Stab wounds
31. They are usually slit-like
When the object is removed the skin contracts
slightly, leaving a wound that is slightly shorter
than the blade width.
The centre of the wound often widens.
Stab wounds
37. Incised wound
Due to sharp instruments
length greater than depth
wound margins uninjured
deep tissues cleanly cut
e.g. surgeon’s incised wound
38. Slash Wounds
These are wounds where the length is greater than the depth,
eg a slice wound across the skin.
If the wound involves major blood vessels, it can be life
threatening, but in general, they are not as serious as stab
wounds.
Incised wounds
40. Miscellaneous
Weals - triple response
defence injuries - assaults; arms, hands, legs
self inflicted - haphazard on arms or body in mental
disorders
tentative injuries - suicide attempts; short, shallow
wounds on wrists or neck
41. Age of injuries
Colour changes in bruises - purple to yellow
scab formation in abrasions
scabbing and scarring of laceration
histological examination of tissues
42. Bruises change colour over time, because of the degradation of haemoglobin in the blood. However,
the timescale of this degradation is not fixed, and it is therefore possible only to give a rough
estimation of the age of the bruise. Colour changes are from dark blue or purple to blue, brown,
green and yellow
43. Bruises change colour due to degradation of haemoglobin
Timescale of this degradation is not fixed
Possible only to give a rough estimation of the age of the bruise.
Colour changes are from dark blue or purple to blue, brown, green
and yellow
In general, small bruises on an otherwise fit and healthy person,
could pass through the spectrum of colour changes between 72
hours and 1 week.
The more extensive, or deep seated the bruise, the longer it will
take to dissapear.
If a bruise is brown/ green or yellow it is likely that the injury is at
least 18 hours old
Markedly different coloured bruises suggest that they have been
caused at different times, and may indicate signs of chronic abuse,
such as of an infant etc.
Age of bruises
44. Death from injuries
Haemorrhage
damage to vital structure
shock
infection
pulmonary thromboembolism
acute tubular necrosis
fat embolism