The document discusses cartridges and their components. A cartridge contains a bullet, propellant, and primer packaged in a metallic case. It summarizes that a cartridge has four main parts: the cartridge case, propellant, projectile, and sometimes wads. The cartridge case contains the primer and holds the contents. Propellant, usually smokeless powder, propels the projectile. Projectiles can be single bullets or multiple pellets/shots. When the trigger is pulled, the firing pin strikes the primer, igniting the propellant and forcing the projectile out of the barrel with substantial velocity.

1. Presented By-
Nikhil Oza
Batch A
Roll No. 62

2. Cartridge
 A cartridge is usually a metallic
case that packages the bullet,
propellant and primer,
precisely made to fit within the
firing chamber of a firearm.
 A cartridge without a bullet is
called a blank.
 A cartridge that is
completely inert (contains no
primer and no propellant) is
called a dummy.

3. Types of Cartridge
 Shotgun Cartridge  Rifle Cartridge

4. Parts of a Cartridge
I. Cartridge Case
II. Propellant
III. Projectile
IV. Wads (if
present)

5. 1.Cartridge case (with Percussion cap and Primer)
 It is the outer shell that covers the Cartridge to keep
the contents in place.
I. In Shotgun
• The cartridge is cylindrical , 5-7cm long, base is of brass and
rest is of cardboard, plastic or metal.
• The base is rimmed so that it properly fits into the barrel.
II. In Rifled Bored Weapons
• The cartridge is tapering, whole of it is made from brass/steel.
• Size depends upon the type of weapon (rifle or revolver/pistol).
• Base may be rimmed, rimless or grooved.

6. ….Continued)
 In all weapons, after firing, the cartridge case remains in
the barrel and it is to be taken out manually or is ejected
out automatically.
 Now-a-days Caseless Cartridges are being used, in which
the whole cartridge is combustible, hence no cartridge case
remains for identification.
Percussion Cap and Primer
• Percussion Cap at the base contains a small amount of
sensitive detonating composition known as the Primer.
• The priming composition may contain- Lead Peroxide,
Antimony Sulphide, Barium Nitrate, Mercury Fulminate,
Potassium Chlorate, etc.

7. 2.Propellant (gun powder)
 It is so called as it projects the projectile forwards.
 It is present in between the Primer and the Projectile.
1) The classical gun powder is known as Black powder,
it produces a lot of smoke and some powder is partly
burnt or not burnt at all, and it is composed of-
 Charcoal -15% (as fuel)
 Sulphur- 10% (adds density)
 Potassium nitrate- 75% (supplies oxygen)

8. 2) Smokeless gun powder, in addition to black powder
contents, it has nitrocellulose (single base), or a
mixture of nitrocellulose and nitroglycerine (double
base) or adding nitoguanidine along with it. (triple
base).
It is more effective than black powder, it is more
efficiently burnt and less smoke is produced.
Smokeless powder is used in all modern cartridges.
It produces less blackening and tatooing of the injury
when the weapon is fired from close range.
3) Semismokeless powder, has 80% black powder and
20% nitrocellulose.

9. 3. Projectile (Missile)
 The projectile is known as pellets/shots; Hence the
name ‘Shot-gun’.
 Here the projectile is small, round , made of lead.
 The weight is around 1-1.5 ounce.
 Pellets may be Soft (Lead) or Hard (Lead hardened
with Antimony)(Chilled Shot).
 A rough idea of the number of pellets in a cartridge can
be had from the marking on the top wad.
I. In Shotgun
It is the object that is propelled out of the muzzle end of the gun.

10.  The number of pellets may vary from one to a few
thousand, and accordingly they are classified as-
1) If 1: Ball cartridge
2) If 6: LG (large game)
3) If 8: MG (medium game)
4) If 10: SG (small game)
5) If 2-20: Buck Shot
6) If 200-400: Bird Shot
7) If 2000-3000: Dust Shot

11.  Here the Projectile is single,
known as bullet.
 The anterior part of the bullet
is outside the cartridge case
and the bullet is kept tight in
the cartridge case by a
grooving called cannelure.
 The weight of the bullet may
range from 2-33 gms.
II. In Rifled Bored Weapons

12. Mechanism
 When in a loaded, cocked firearm the trigger is pulled,
a firing pin is released that strikes the percussion cap
and detonates the sensitive components in the primer.
 The detonation in the primer ignites the main
propellant charge and results in rapid formation of
expanding hot gases at a very high pressure.
 The pressure of these gases build up to an optimum
level and forces the projectile out of the barrel with
substantial velocity.
 And then the fired cartridge case is manually removed
or ejected automatically.

13.  Dum-dum bullet : These are bullets that are designed
to expand or fragment on impact.
 Tandem bullets- This phenomenon is observed when
2 bullets are fired in one shot, there is only one entry
wound but 2 bullets are found in the body.
 Souvenir bullet- These are bullets that are present in
the body for a long time without causing any
complications.
 Ricochet bullet- These are bullets that change their
normal path before hitting the target.
Bullets-

14. Thank You….!!!