The document discusses various textile finishing processes. It begins by defining finishing and its objectives such as improving attractiveness, serviceability, and care properties. It then describes different types of finishing including physical and chemical methods. The document outlines the sequence of finishing processes and provides examples of common finishing machines like slitting machines, hydro extractors, stenters, compactors, brushing machines and raising machines. It explains the purpose and functioning of each machine and shows their effects on fabric properties before and after processing. In the end, the document briefly discusses softening and resin finishing.

2. Presented by TO
NAME ID
Md. Mahabub Hasan
Lecturer,
Department of Textile
Engineering, BUBT
Shahjahan Badsha 12132107050
Fatema Akter rekha 12132107055
Mahbubul Alam 12132107072
Rumana Afrose Rupa 12132107076

3. FINISHING
The term finishing, in a broad sense it covers all the processes of making
the fabric good looking, good hand feeling, luster and of course for
buyer requirement. It is done after dying and before delivery to market.
Objects of finishing
 a) To improve fabric attractiveness.
- By modification of fabric appearance(optical brightening),
-By altering fabric handle (Softening, Stiffening)
-Control of fabric dimension (Sanforising, Compacting)
 b) To improve service ability
-Protection of fabric (Flame proofing, Water proofing)
-Improved performance (Water repellency, Raising)
-Easy care properties (Resin finish, Crease recovery)
c) Shrinkage & gsm Control
d) Increase wash fastness

4. Types of finishing:
finishing
Physical finishing
Temporary
Calendering
permanent
raising
Chemical finishing
Temporary
Starching
permanent
Resin finish,
Mercerization,
Softening, etc

5. Sequence of finishing
Tube fabric finishing
Hydro-extractor
↓
De-watering
↓
Dryer
↓
Tubular compactor
Open fabric finishing
Hydro-extractor
↓
Slitting & De-watering
↓
Dryer
↓
Stenter
↓
Open Compactor

6. Observation of Different Finishing m/c:

7. Slitting machine:
This machine is used to make the tube fabric into open form.
Machine parts and functions:
 Rotary blade: To cut the fabric through break wales line
 Ring: To help cutting
 Guide Roller: To guide the fabric to plaiting
 Plaiting: To plate the fabric
 Sensor: sense for cutting through break wales line

8. Fig4: Slitting Machine

9. Tube Squeezer or De-Watering M/C
 After dyeing process fabrics are sent for de-watering. This is the process to
remove the water from the fabric partially by squeezing. This is the main
function of the squeezing machine.
 Important parts
-Twist detector
-Expander
-Padder

10. The basic function of the squeezing m/c:
-To remove the water from the fabric.
-To control the width of the fabric.
-To control the length of the fabric.
-To control the spirality of the fabric.
-To control the over feeding system.
-To increase the softness of the fabric.
-To remove the crease mark of the fabric.

11. Hydro extractor Machine

12.  Hydro extractor machine is like a round
basket and it is made of steel. There are a lot
of holes on the down side of this basket.
After putting the wet fabric in the hydro
extractor, it moves and water is removed by
the centrifugal extraction. Extract water is
drained out through the holes.
Hydro Extractor Machine

13. Centrifugal extractor machine is used for removing extra water from fabric by
centrifugal method. Normally 75% water is passed away by this technique of
hydropower. The extraction time of centrifugal extractor is about 7-10 minutes.
After extraction of access water we can find out the productivity of the hydro
extractor. It is used for industrial laundering business

14.  Working width 1300mm
 Machine speed 5~30M/min
 Machine for the hydro extractor, softener, air ballooning type of cotton knitted tubular fabrics
without tension, with fabrics entwisting, air balloon, control of the squeezing pressure and
control of the final width of the fabric.
 Automatic control of the feeding without tension, no edge mark, final folding without stretching.
Versions with simple or double squeezing and imbuing with softeners.
Technical Data

15. Defination :
 A machine or apparatus used for stretching or stentering fabrics is called
Stenter machine.
 Cotton fabrics shrinks widthwise and weft destorted due to bleaching &
dyeing.
 The main function of the machine is to stretch the fabric widthwise & to
recover the uniform width.
Uses :
 It is used for open form fabrics(woven & knit ).
Stenter Machine

16. Figure of stenter machine

18. Before stenter After stenter

19. Finishing effect of stenter m/c
Before stenter After stenter
 Water is contained in fabric
 Spirality is appeared
 Shrink is appeared
 GSM is not adjusted
 GSM:- (140-145)
 Fabric dia is uncontrolled
 Water is removed
 Spirality is not appeared
 Shrink is controlled
 GSM isn't adjusted
 GSM:- (155-160)
 Fabric dia is controlled

20. COMPACTOR MACHINE:
Compactor is a textile finishing machine which is designed specially for
compacting 100% cotton knitted fabric like jersey, pique, interlock & rib
etc. as well as cotton blended fabric in rope form

21.  Upgrade the fabric hand feel and import a smooth, silky touch to the fabric.
 Compress the fabric and reduce its thickness.
 Improve the opacity of the fabric.
 Import different degree of luster to the fabric.
 Reduce the yarn slippage.

22. 1. GSM control
2. Width control
3. Ironing the fabrics
4. To compact the fabric
5. To control the shrinkage
6. Shrinkage control
7. To maintain proper width and G.S.M

24. Fabric Path of Tube Compactor

25. Machine Parameter Set Up Value
Steam Pressure 2 bar.
Air Pressure 4 bar.
Temperature 100-120 C.
Machine Speed 15-50 m/min
Over Feed 35 m/min


27. Before Compactor After Compactor

28. Finishing effect of Compactor m/c
Before Compactor Finishing After Compactor Finishing
 Small amount of water is contained.
 Crease mark
 Luster medium
 Hand feel medium
 GSM isn’t adjusted
 Shrinkage is high
 Access water is removed.
 Low GSM can be adjusted.
 Crease mark isn’t appeared
 Luster medium
 Hand feel good
 GSM is adjusted
 Shrinkage is removed

29. Brushing Machine
By the brushing machine back side of the fleece fabric is brushed.
Note:
 Brushing action is done on the back side of the fleece fabric
 Fabric is run in m/c for 3-6 times until the target is achieved.
 fabric GSM will reduce.
 This is a mechanical action and once produced cannot be changed.

30. Before brush After brush

31. •During raising, the fabric surface is treated with sharp teeth to lift the surface fibres, thereby imparting hairiness, softness and warmth, as in
flannelette.
Main parts:
•Return drag roller
•Pile
•Counter pile
•Front drag roller
•Suction pump
•Drum
•Plaiter roller
Feed
Delivery
Pile
Counter pile
Front drag
Roller
Rear drag
Roller
Return drag roller
Plaiter roller
Figure : Cross-sectional view of Raising Brush machine
Machine Functions:
•To obtain a lofty handle effect on fabric.
•To obtain fleece appearance.
•To create pile on fabric surface.
•To produce a heavier surface made of fibers.

33. •Softening treatment is one of the most important chemical after treatments in the textile industry.
•By softening treatment textile can achieve not only soft handle but also:
Some smoothness.
More flexibility.
Drape and Pliability.
Antistatic properties.
Luster.
Soft handle.
Types of softeners:
Cationic Softeners Nonionic Softeners:
Anionic Softeners:
Silicon based Softeners.
Softeners

34. Advantages:
•Resins have a profound effect on and cause changes in the hand (feel), drapability and physical characteristics of textiles.
•They add stiffness to fabrics and are thus used as stiffening agents or to create a firm hand.
•Yarns in fabric will be stabilized and will resist shrinkage in laundering.
•This finish imparts luster to the cotton.
•Increases cotton strength by nearly 25% and improves dye affinity.
•It is a method of thickening woollen material to make it more water-resistant