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Ferroelectricity refers to materials that exhibit permanent electric polarization even in the absence of an external electric field. Materials that display this behavior are known as ferroelectric materials. Examples include lead titanate and lead zirconate titanate. Ferroelectric materials have applications in devices such as thermistors, oscillators, memory, and capacitors due to their large dielectric constants and ability to remain polarized in the absence of a field. Pyroelectricity is the ability of a material to generate an electric signal when subjected to thermal changes, and leads to applications in infrared sensors and thermometers. Ferroelectric hysteresis curves plot the polarization versus applied electric field and exhibit hysteresis behavior.
















