This document discusses geosynchronous satellites. It begins by explaining that geosynchronous satellites orbit at an altitude of 22,236 miles, allowing them to match Earth's rotation. It then discusses their orbital velocity of around 11 km/hr or 6840 mph. It also notes the round-trip time delay of 238 ms for signals passing through a geosynchronous satellite. Finally, it outlines both the advantages, such as remaining stationary and full coverage, and disadvantages, like requiring propulsion to maintain orbit and longer signal delays, of geosynchronous satellites.

1. AL-AMIN
Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University
Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering
Satellite Communication Bangla Tutorial

2. AL-AMIN
Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University
Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering
5.Advantages and Disadvantages of Geosynchronous Satellites
1.Geosynchronous Satellites
2.Geosynchronous Satellites Orbital Velocity
3.Round-Trip Time Delay of Geosynchronous Satellites
4.Clarke Orbit

3. AL-AMIN
Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University
Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering
1.Geosynchronous Satellites
A geosynchronous orbit is a high Earth orbit that allows satellites to
match Earth's rotation. Located at 22,236 miles (35,786 kilometers)
above Earth's equator, this position is a valuable spot for monitoring
weather, communications and surveillance
Geosynchronous satellite is placed in the geosynchronous orbit with an orbital period matching
the Earth's rotation period. These satellites take 24 hours to complete one rotation around the
earth.

4. AL-AMIN
Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University
Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering
2.Geosynchronous Satellites Orbital Velocity
The circumference (C) of a geosynchronous orbit is C= 2π(42,164 km)
=264,790 km
Therefore, the velocity (v) of a geosynchronous satellite is
v=
𝟐𝟔𝟒𝟕𝟗𝟎𝒌𝒎
𝟐𝟒𝒉𝒓
=11.033km/hr
or v ≈ 6840 mph

5. AL-AMIN
Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University
Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering
3.Round-Trip Time Delay of Geosynchronous Satellites
The round-trip propagation delay between a satellite and an earth station
located directly below it is
t=
𝑑
𝑐
=
2(35768km)
3×105 𝑘𝑚/𝑠
=238 ms

6. AL-AMIN
Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University
Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering
4.Clarke Orbit
A geosynchronous earth orbit is sometimes referred to as the Clarke orbit or Clarke belt, after Arthur C. Clarke,
who first suggested its existence in 1945 and proposed its use for communications satellites.
Clarke was an engineer, a scientist, and a science fiction author who wrote several books including 2001: A Space
Odyssey.

7. AL-AMIN
Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University
Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering
The advantages of geosynchronous satellites are as follows:
1. Geosynchronous satellites remain almost stationary in respect to a given earth station.
Consequently, expensive tracking equipment is not required at the earth stations.
2. Geosynchronous satellites are available to all earth stations within their shadow 100%
of the time. The shadow of a satellite includes all the earth stations that have a line-of-
sight path to it and lie within the radiation pattern of the satellite’s antennas.
3. There is no need to switch from one geosynchronous satellite to another as they orbit
overhead. Consequently, there are no transmission breaks due to switching times.
4. The effects of Doppler shift are negligible
The advantages of geosynchronous satellites

8. AL-AMIN
Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University
Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering
The disadvantages of geosynchronous satellites are as follows:
1. Geosynchronous satellites require sophisticated and heavy propulsion devices onboard
to keep them in a fixed orbit.
2. High-altitude geosynchronous satellites introduce much longer propagation delays. The
round-trip propagation delay between two earth stations through a geosynchronous
satellite is between 500 ms and 600 ms.
3. Geosynchronous satellites require higher transmit powers and more sensitive receivers
because of the longer distances and greater path losses.
4. High-precision spacemanship is required to place a geosynchronous satellite into orbit
and to keep it there